Resolving the wave vector in negative refractive index media
... Region 4: 3 / 4 ⬍ Arg共kz兲 ⬍ corresponding to 3 / 2 ⬍ Arg共kz2兲 ⬍ 2. Now we move into the second Riemann sheet and choose the negative sign for the square root. This region corresponds to negatively refracting media 共⑀⬘ ⬍ 0 , ⬘ ⬍ 0兲 and absorbing media 共⑀⬘⬙ + ⑀⬙⬘ ⬍ 0兲 (Ref. 16) and hence, for ...
... Region 4: 3 / 4 ⬍ Arg共kz兲 ⬍ corresponding to 3 / 2 ⬍ Arg共kz2兲 ⬍ 2. Now we move into the second Riemann sheet and choose the negative sign for the square root. This region corresponds to negatively refracting media 共⑀⬘ ⬍ 0 , ⬘ ⬍ 0兲 and absorbing media 共⑀⬘⬙ + ⑀⬙⬘ ⬍ 0兲 (Ref. 16) and hence, for ...
Optical Dyakonov surface waves at magnetic interfaces
... The existence domain with nc = 1.55 in the case of a nonmagnetic cladding 共r = 1兲 is ⌬ ⬇ 5°. This value was almost doubled ⌬ ⬇ 9.7°, for a magnetic cladding with r = 5, a result that is in accordance with those shown in Fig. 2(b) for the rutile case. A parameter that characterizes the localization ...
... The existence domain with nc = 1.55 in the case of a nonmagnetic cladding 共r = 1兲 is ⌬ ⬇ 5°. This value was almost doubled ⌬ ⬇ 9.7°, for a magnetic cladding with r = 5, a result that is in accordance with those shown in Fig. 2(b) for the rutile case. A parameter that characterizes the localization ...
Lecture 25 - UF Physics
... When light traveling in one medium encounters a boundary leading to a second medium: • reflection, part of the light bounces off the second medium. • refraction, the light passing into the second medium bends. • Often, both processes occur at the same time. ...
... When light traveling in one medium encounters a boundary leading to a second medium: • reflection, part of the light bounces off the second medium. • refraction, the light passing into the second medium bends. • Often, both processes occur at the same time. ...
9.Wave Properties
... Optical fibres do not have to be straight to carry light and can even carry light around corners. ...
... Optical fibres do not have to be straight to carry light and can even carry light around corners. ...
Lithography - 123seminarsonly.com
... is dilated, causing the features to be larger than desired, again accompanied by a loss of sharpness of corners. If an image is severely underexposed, the pattern may not be transferred at all, and in less sever cases the results will be similar to those for overexposure with the results reversed fo ...
... is dilated, causing the features to be larger than desired, again accompanied by a loss of sharpness of corners. If an image is severely underexposed, the pattern may not be transferred at all, and in less sever cases the results will be similar to those for overexposure with the results reversed fo ...
Formative assessment marking key: Light Module Quiz
... (c) Different colours bend different amounts and therefore white light breaks up into its colours as it comes out of a prism. (a) Diagram shows the ray bends away from the surface (towards the normal) as it enters the water, and towards the surface (away from the normal) as it leaves the water. (c) ...
... (c) Different colours bend different amounts and therefore white light breaks up into its colours as it comes out of a prism. (a) Diagram shows the ray bends away from the surface (towards the normal) as it enters the water, and towards the surface (away from the normal) as it leaves the water. (c) ...
Analysis of the Spectral Resolution of a TeO2 based Noncollinear
... such as laser wavelength tuning, spectral analysis, spectral imaging [1-3], and etc. TeO2 is a kind of A-O crystal with many applications in the large angular aperture noncollinear AOTF. Light diffraction by acoustic wave propagating in the A-O crystal is the foundation of the operation of an AOTF. ...
... such as laser wavelength tuning, spectral analysis, spectral imaging [1-3], and etc. TeO2 is a kind of A-O crystal with many applications in the large angular aperture noncollinear AOTF. Light diffraction by acoustic wave propagating in the A-O crystal is the foundation of the operation of an AOTF. ...
The Optics of the Compound Eye of the Honeybee
... investigated the fine structure of the ommatidia of the worker honeybee (Apis mellifera), and with the help of their data we examined the optics of the honeybee's eye as a representative of the closed-rhabdom type. Morphology The optical apparatus of a bee's ommatidium (Fig. 1) consists of a cuticul ...
... investigated the fine structure of the ommatidia of the worker honeybee (Apis mellifera), and with the help of their data we examined the optics of the honeybee's eye as a representative of the closed-rhabdom type. Morphology The optical apparatus of a bee's ommatidium (Fig. 1) consists of a cuticul ...
Measure the Distance Between Tracks of CD and DVD
... DVD Digital Versatile Disk In 1995, new standard was established for DVD Digital Versatile Disk (called at first Digital Video Disk). They were first developed for storing a full digital movie. The DVD is a special disk that can store up to 4.7 GB information on a single layer on the disk. The new d ...
... DVD Digital Versatile Disk In 1995, new standard was established for DVD Digital Versatile Disk (called at first Digital Video Disk). They were first developed for storing a full digital movie. The DVD is a special disk that can store up to 4.7 GB information on a single layer on the disk. The new d ...
Measurement of the Wavelength by Diffraction Gratings
... weak, in this method the wavelength cannot be measured accurately. By increasing the number of slits to a very large number narrow fringes (lines) of higher intensities can be produced (Fig11). Moreover the fringes are formed far apart from one another. For this purpose Fraunhofer made the first gra ...
... weak, in this method the wavelength cannot be measured accurately. By increasing the number of slits to a very large number narrow fringes (lines) of higher intensities can be produced (Fig11). Moreover the fringes are formed far apart from one another. For this purpose Fraunhofer made the first gra ...
full Lab Facts summary
... • In a solid prism retroreflector, the beam undergoes total internal reflection at each surface. • A beam entering normal to the base will be incident upon each face at a 55˚ angle (cos-1(1/√3)) [1]. • S- and p-polarization components reflect from each face differently based on the Fresnel reflectio ...
... • In a solid prism retroreflector, the beam undergoes total internal reflection at each surface. • A beam entering normal to the base will be incident upon each face at a 55˚ angle (cos-1(1/√3)) [1]. • S- and p-polarization components reflect from each face differently based on the Fresnel reflectio ...
Planar Integrated Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy
... The first-generation broadband IOW-ATR spectrometer (Figure 2a) contained a novel multicomponent incoupler made of a prism and two gratings. It dispersed a ~100-nm-width band of visible light from a xenon arc lamp at the corresponding propagation angles appropriate for each wavelength constituent, y ...
... The first-generation broadband IOW-ATR spectrometer (Figure 2a) contained a novel multicomponent incoupler made of a prism and two gratings. It dispersed a ~100-nm-width band of visible light from a xenon arc lamp at the corresponding propagation angles appropriate for each wavelength constituent, y ...
What are Fiber Optics
... The principle behind the transmission of the light waves in an Optical Fiber is “Total Internal Reflection” The angle of refraction at the interface between two media is governed by Snell’s law: ...
... The principle behind the transmission of the light waves in an Optical Fiber is “Total Internal Reflection” The angle of refraction at the interface between two media is governed by Snell’s law: ...
Experimental Competition
... For each question, in addition to the blank sheets where you may write, there is an answer form where you must summarize the results you have obtained. Numerical results should be written with as many digits as are appropriate to the given data. 6. Write on the blank sheets of paper the results of a ...
... For each question, in addition to the blank sheets where you may write, there is an answer form where you must summarize the results you have obtained. Numerical results should be written with as many digits as are appropriate to the given data. 6. Write on the blank sheets of paper the results of a ...
Laser Refraction and Diffraction
... bands are formed when the wave satisfies Formula 3. Wavefronts in the plane wave are parallel to each other. A ray composed of this type of wave is either highly directional or possesses a small divergence angle. a sin θ = mλ , m = intengers ...
... bands are formed when the wave satisfies Formula 3. Wavefronts in the plane wave are parallel to each other. A ray composed of this type of wave is either highly directional or possesses a small divergence angle. a sin θ = mλ , m = intengers ...
The physics of the compact disc
... puts one track beyond the minimum in the Airy ring pattern of the beam scanning the neighbouring track. Track separation is made greater than the theoretical minimum to allow for the broadening of the spot due to lens aberrations and to allow for some wandering of the spot as it follows the length ...
... puts one track beyond the minimum in the Airy ring pattern of the beam scanning the neighbouring track. Track separation is made greater than the theoretical minimum to allow for the broadening of the spot due to lens aberrations and to allow for some wandering of the spot as it follows the length ...
NON-LINEAR MATERIALS Definition
... By pumping the atoms inside the fibre by sending a pump beam, population inversion is created in the fibre core. When the signal pulse is sent amplification takes place which compensates for the loss. Thus the signal pulses can be made to travel for very long distances without any change in their sh ...
... By pumping the atoms inside the fibre by sending a pump beam, population inversion is created in the fibre core. When the signal pulse is sent amplification takes place which compensates for the loss. Thus the signal pulses can be made to travel for very long distances without any change in their sh ...
Optics - Haiku
... What is refraction? Refraction is the change of direction a light ray undergoes when it enters a medium with a different optical density. Light travels at different speeds in materials with different optical densities, and the change in direction occurs due to the change in the speed of the light. ...
... What is refraction? Refraction is the change of direction a light ray undergoes when it enters a medium with a different optical density. Light travels at different speeds in materials with different optical densities, and the change in direction occurs due to the change in the speed of the light. ...
61
... maximumtolerable intensity level of the crystal there by physically damaging the crystal .on the other hand,when the focusing effect is matched exactly to compensate the diffraction, the beam propagates without any change in the spatial profile. ...
... maximumtolerable intensity level of the crystal there by physically damaging the crystal .on the other hand,when the focusing effect is matched exactly to compensate the diffraction, the beam propagates without any change in the spatial profile. ...
of Refraction 2.0
... passes through the cell twice, the optical path length is 2nL. The air will be removed from this cell, changing the refractive index, n. The other beam passes through the same length of air, but with no cell in that beam, the pressure will remain constant. If the refractive index changes by Δn, the ...
... passes through the cell twice, the optical path length is 2nL. The air will be removed from this cell, changing the refractive index, n. The other beam passes through the same length of air, but with no cell in that beam, the pressure will remain constant. If the refractive index changes by Δn, the ...
PDF Format
... experience two different indices of refraction. Consequently, one polarization of light travels faster in the wave plate compared to the other. The birefringent material of the wave plate are asymmetric in that they have a different index of refraction in one polarization direction compared to the o ...
... experience two different indices of refraction. Consequently, one polarization of light travels faster in the wave plate compared to the other. The birefringent material of the wave plate are asymmetric in that they have a different index of refraction in one polarization direction compared to the o ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM) is a label free analytical tool that combines the surface plasmon resonance of metallic surfaces with imaging of the metallic surface.The heterogeneity of the refractive index of the metallic surface imparts high contrast images, caused by the shift in the resonance angle.SPRM can achieve a thickness sensitivity of few tenths of nanometer and lateral resolution achieves values of micrometer scale.SPRM is used to characterize surfaces, self-assembled monolayers, multilayer films, metal nanoparticles, oligonucleotides arrays, binding and reduction reactions.Surface Plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves coupled to oscillating free electrons of a metallic surface that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface.Since polaritons are highly sensitive to small changes in the refractive index of the metallic material,it can be used as a biosensing tool that does not require labeling. SPRM measurements can be made in real-time.Wang and collaborators studied the binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single cells.The experimental setup of an SPRM can be seen in the Figure 1, where an adherent cell is grown on a gold film and placed in an inverted microscope, p-polarized light was used to create the surface plasmons on the gold film and a CCD camera was used to create the SPR image.