Optical fibres
... Since, optic fibre contains glass as core, where impurities are present. The scattering of light at these impurities causes Raleyeigh scattering where the energy of scattered wave directly proportional to 4th power ( E 1 ...
... Since, optic fibre contains glass as core, where impurities are present. The scattering of light at these impurities causes Raleyeigh scattering where the energy of scattered wave directly proportional to 4th power ( E 1 ...
Test - Wave Optics
... Light is an electromagnetic wave phenomenon described by the same theoretical principles that govern all forms of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation propagates in the form of two mutually coupled vector waves, an electric-field wave and a magnetic-field wave. Nevertheless, it is po ...
... Light is an electromagnetic wave phenomenon described by the same theoretical principles that govern all forms of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation propagates in the form of two mutually coupled vector waves, an electric-field wave and a magnetic-field wave. Nevertheless, it is po ...
Resolution in Confocal Microscopy
... The FWHM value is only one method of measuring resolution. Another common method is the Rayleigh criteria [19] where we would consider the distance between the first diffraction minimum and the central maximum as being the resolution of the optical signal. Note that although there FWHM might be in t ...
... The FWHM value is only one method of measuring resolution. Another common method is the Rayleigh criteria [19] where we would consider the distance between the first diffraction minimum and the central maximum as being the resolution of the optical signal. Note that although there FWHM might be in t ...
PPT - Purdue University Cytometry Laboratories
... (energy per unit time) is measured in watts (1 watt=1 joule/second). Steradian (sphere radius r has surface area of 4 r2; one steradian is defined as that solid angle which intercepts an area equal to r2 on the surface. Mole - contains Avogadro's number of molecules (6.02 x 1023) and contains a mas ...
... (energy per unit time) is measured in watts (1 watt=1 joule/second). Steradian (sphere radius r has surface area of 4 r2; one steradian is defined as that solid angle which intercepts an area equal to r2 on the surface. Mole - contains Avogadro's number of molecules (6.02 x 1023) and contains a mas ...
Design, near-field characterization, and modeling of 45° surface
... propagation beyond the diffraction limit, and the properties of SPP make them promising candidates as signal carriers. Basically, a surface plasmon polariton is an electromagnetic wave bound to the interface between two media featuring the real part of their dielectric functions of opposite signs, i ...
... propagation beyond the diffraction limit, and the properties of SPP make them promising candidates as signal carriers. Basically, a surface plasmon polariton is an electromagnetic wave bound to the interface between two media featuring the real part of their dielectric functions of opposite signs, i ...
Bulk and Surface Micromachining
... Surface micromachining is also used to create microstructures on MEMS devices. The difference between surface and bulk micromachining is that instead of etching the silicon substrate, surface micromachining etches away layers deposited on top of the silicon substrate. The process starts with a silic ...
... Surface micromachining is also used to create microstructures on MEMS devices. The difference between surface and bulk micromachining is that instead of etching the silicon substrate, surface micromachining etches away layers deposited on top of the silicon substrate. The process starts with a silic ...
RESONANCE WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE AND MODE
... nanoantenna works, the metals show a strongly dispersive behaviour and their physical properties approach those of dielectrics. Therefore, since metals at optical frequencies behave in a different fashion with respect to perfect conductors, the electromagnetic field is not perfectly reflected by the ...
... nanoantenna works, the metals show a strongly dispersive behaviour and their physical properties approach those of dielectrics. Therefore, since metals at optical frequencies behave in a different fashion with respect to perfect conductors, the electromagnetic field is not perfectly reflected by the ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
... A series of experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility and performance of the proposed dynamic 3D sensing approach. The experimental setup is basically composed of an LCD screen (PHILIPS® 190S with a resolution of 1,024 × 1,280 pixels) and a high speed camera (The Photron® FASTCAM 1024PCI ...
... A series of experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility and performance of the proposed dynamic 3D sensing approach. The experimental setup is basically composed of an LCD screen (PHILIPS® 190S with a resolution of 1,024 × 1,280 pixels) and a high speed camera (The Photron® FASTCAM 1024PCI ...
Line Degeneracy and Strong Spin-Orbit Coupling of Light with Bulk
... for controlling electromagnetic wave propagation. In this Letter, we show that with judicious engineering of the electromagnetic parameters, a novel type of metamaterials can be designed to exhibit line degeneracy between the two equifrequency ellipsoids of opposite optical spin states. For light pr ...
... for controlling electromagnetic wave propagation. In this Letter, we show that with judicious engineering of the electromagnetic parameters, a novel type of metamaterials can be designed to exhibit line degeneracy between the two equifrequency ellipsoids of opposite optical spin states. For light pr ...
left-handed materials
... We use the PC system of case1 to address the controversial issue raised Time evolution of negative refraction shows: The wave is trapped initially at the interface. ...
... We use the PC system of case1 to address the controversial issue raised Time evolution of negative refraction shows: The wave is trapped initially at the interface. ...
Introduction to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
... both elastically and inelastically with the solid, forming a limiting interaction volume from which various types of radiation emerge, including BSE, SE, characteristic and brehmsstrahlung x-rays, and cathodoluminescence in some materials. The combined effect of elastic and inelastic scattering cont ...
... both elastically and inelastically with the solid, forming a limiting interaction volume from which various types of radiation emerge, including BSE, SE, characteristic and brehmsstrahlung x-rays, and cathodoluminescence in some materials. The combined effect of elastic and inelastic scattering cont ...
Single-Photon Nonlinear Optics with Graphene Plasmons
... Introduction.—Nonlinear optical processes find ubiquitous use in modern scientific and technological applications, facilitating diverse phenomena like optical modulation and switching, spectroscopy, and frequency conversion [1]. A long-standing goal has been to realize nonlinear effects at progressi ...
... Introduction.—Nonlinear optical processes find ubiquitous use in modern scientific and technological applications, facilitating diverse phenomena like optical modulation and switching, spectroscopy, and frequency conversion [1]. A long-standing goal has been to realize nonlinear effects at progressi ...
Volume Holographic Recording and Readout for 90
... where k refers to a propagation constant of light in the material, to be made more precise later. Also, the angle of the grating vector is terms in the surviving Laplace variable. It is pointed outthat the inverse transformation of 2-D Laplace functions as derived here is rather difficult even under ...
... where k refers to a propagation constant of light in the material, to be made more precise later. Also, the angle of the grating vector is terms in the surviving Laplace variable. It is pointed outthat the inverse transformation of 2-D Laplace functions as derived here is rather difficult even under ...
Direct Laser Writing: Versatile Tool for Microfabrication of Lithium
... linearly along the c-axis. According to qualitative in situ observations of the writing process, optical contrast of the written lines did not change when the angle between the linearly polarized writing beam and the c-axis was varied. This observation reflects the fact that refractive index modific ...
... linearly along the c-axis. According to qualitative in situ observations of the writing process, optical contrast of the written lines did not change when the angle between the linearly polarized writing beam and the c-axis was varied. This observation reflects the fact that refractive index modific ...
A Simple Classroom Demonstration of Natural Convection
... requires a few hours of preparation time, but very little in materials cost, assuming an overhead projector is already available. It could be prepared by the instructor or by students as part of a class-related project. I explain below the principle behind the schlieren technique, the preparation re ...
... requires a few hours of preparation time, but very little in materials cost, assuming an overhead projector is already available. It could be prepared by the instructor or by students as part of a class-related project. I explain below the principle behind the schlieren technique, the preparation re ...
Design of a spherical focal surface using close
... realized from an array of flat sensors as illustrated in Fig. 1. The field covered by each set of micro-optics is relatively small, and thus the amount of curvature correction needed to image each subfield onto a flat focal plane is minimal. The process is similar to close-up imaging of flat objects ...
... realized from an array of flat sensors as illustrated in Fig. 1. The field covered by each set of micro-optics is relatively small, and thus the amount of curvature correction needed to image each subfield onto a flat focal plane is minimal. The process is similar to close-up imaging of flat objects ...
ELECTRO-OPTICS
... optical waveguide is fabricated in an electro-optic substrate (often LiNbO,) by indiffusing a material such as titanium to increase the refractive index. The electric field is applied to the waveguide using electrodes, as shown in Fig. 18.1-3. Because the configuration is transverse and the width of ...
... optical waveguide is fabricated in an electro-optic substrate (often LiNbO,) by indiffusing a material such as titanium to increase the refractive index. The electric field is applied to the waveguide using electrodes, as shown in Fig. 18.1-3. Because the configuration is transverse and the width of ...
Brewster angle with a negative-index material
... features associated with NIMs were summarized in Veselago’s original paper,1 e.g., negative phase velocity, reversed Doppler effect, and the prediction of a planar lens. Several other surprising features have been found recently, including amplification of evanescent waves9 (the “perfect lens”), mul ...
... features associated with NIMs were summarized in Veselago’s original paper,1 e.g., negative phase velocity, reversed Doppler effect, and the prediction of a planar lens. Several other surprising features have been found recently, including amplification of evanescent waves9 (the “perfect lens”), mul ...
High refractive index Fresnel lens on a fiber fabricated by
... The lens master mold was fabricated using a gallium FIB integrated into a Zeiss Orion NanoFab microscope. First and a second generation replicas of the master mold were created with a commercial UV-curable polymer (Ormocomp, Micro Resist Technology) [19]. The second replica, which has the same litho ...
... The lens master mold was fabricated using a gallium FIB integrated into a Zeiss Orion NanoFab microscope. First and a second generation replicas of the master mold were created with a commercial UV-curable polymer (Ormocomp, Micro Resist Technology) [19]. The second replica, which has the same litho ...
Lecture 35: Holography.
... information (in-phase - maximum amplitude, out-ofphase – minimum amplitude) Interfere wavefront of light from a scene with a reference wave The hologram is a complex interference pattern of ...
... information (in-phase - maximum amplitude, out-ofphase – minimum amplitude) Interfere wavefront of light from a scene with a reference wave The hologram is a complex interference pattern of ...
52.3: An Improved Polarizing Beamsplitter LCOS Projection
... condition at the polarization splitting interface. This condition requires that the polarization splitting layer be buried in a high index bulk material so that angles of incidence can be adequately controlled. The limitation of this type of beamsplitter is that its performance varies with wavelengt ...
... condition at the polarization splitting interface. This condition requires that the polarization splitting layer be buried in a high index bulk material so that angles of incidence can be adequately controlled. The limitation of this type of beamsplitter is that its performance varies with wavelengt ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM) is a label free analytical tool that combines the surface plasmon resonance of metallic surfaces with imaging of the metallic surface.The heterogeneity of the refractive index of the metallic surface imparts high contrast images, caused by the shift in the resonance angle.SPRM can achieve a thickness sensitivity of few tenths of nanometer and lateral resolution achieves values of micrometer scale.SPRM is used to characterize surfaces, self-assembled monolayers, multilayer films, metal nanoparticles, oligonucleotides arrays, binding and reduction reactions.Surface Plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves coupled to oscillating free electrons of a metallic surface that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface.Since polaritons are highly sensitive to small changes in the refractive index of the metallic material,it can be used as a biosensing tool that does not require labeling. SPRM measurements can be made in real-time.Wang and collaborators studied the binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single cells.The experimental setup of an SPRM can be seen in the Figure 1, where an adherent cell is grown on a gold film and placed in an inverted microscope, p-polarized light was used to create the surface plasmons on the gold film and a CCD camera was used to create the SPR image.