what is the “upstairs market?” the causes of market impact for block
... The upstairs market is a network of broker trading desks and institutional investors where block trades are matched. Unlike trades that are paired at an exchange (or ATS), these trades are typically negotiated via phone. Once a trade has been consummated it is “printed” on a marketplace. In order fo ...
... The upstairs market is a network of broker trading desks and institutional investors where block trades are matched. Unlike trades that are paired at an exchange (or ATS), these trades are typically negotiated via phone. Once a trade has been consummated it is “printed” on a marketplace. In order fo ...
Crash of 1929 vs the Crash of 1987
... Kenneth Galbraith Wrote, “on the whole, the great stock market crash can be much more readily explained than the depression that followed it. And among the problems involved in assessing the causes of the depression none is more intractable than the responsibility to be assigned to the stock market ...
... Kenneth Galbraith Wrote, “on the whole, the great stock market crash can be much more readily explained than the depression that followed it. And among the problems involved in assessing the causes of the depression none is more intractable than the responsibility to be assigned to the stock market ...
Chapter 12.2 notes - Effingham County Schools
... buyers and sellers meet to trade securities New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) – oldest and largest original exchange; in NYC; use auctioning process through face to face trading; now a lot of trades are electronic ...
... buyers and sellers meet to trade securities New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) – oldest and largest original exchange; in NYC; use auctioning process through face to face trading; now a lot of trades are electronic ...
Market Microstructure
... what should be the price of a security. It does not, however, address how prices adjust to reflect news. Nor does it explain how investors’ subjective assessment of a security “get into” the price. ...
... what should be the price of a security. It does not, however, address how prices adjust to reflect news. Nor does it explain how investors’ subjective assessment of a security “get into” the price. ...
2010 Flash Crash
The May 6, 2010, Flash Crash also known as The Crash of 2:45, the 2010 Flash Crash or simply the Flash Crash, was a United States trillion-dollar stock market crash, which started at 2:32 and lasted for approximately 36 minutes. Stock indexes, such as the S&P 500, Dow Jones Industrial Average and Nasdaq 100, collapsed and rebounded very rapidly.The Dow Jones Industrial Average had its biggest intraday point drop (from the opening) up to that point, plunging 998.5 points (about 9%), most within minutes, only to recover a large part of the loss. It was also the second-largest intraday point swing (difference between intraday high and intraday low) up to that point, at 1,010.14 points. The prices of stocks, stock index futures, options and ETFs were volatile, thus trading volume spiked. A CFTC 2014 report described it as one of the most turbulent periods in the history of financial markets.On April 21, 2015, nearly five years after the incident, the U.S. Department of Justice laid ""22 criminal counts, including fraud and market manipulation"" against Navinder Singh Sarao, a trader. Among the charges included was the use of spoofing algorithms; just prior to the Flash Crash, he placed thousands of E-mini S&P 500 stock index futures contracts which he planned on canceling later. These orders amounting to about ""$200 million worth of bets that the market would fall"" were ""replaced or modified 19,000 times"" before they were canceled. Spoofing, layering and front-running are now banned.The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) investigation concluded that Sarao ""was at least significantly responsible for the order imbalances"" in the derivatives market which affected stock markets and exacerbated the flash crash. Sarao began his alleged market manipulation in 2009 with commercially available trading software whose code he modified ""so he could rapidly place and cancel orders automatically."" Traders Magazine journalist, John Bates, argued that blaming a 36-year-old small-time trader who worked from his parents' modest stucco house in suburban west London for sparking a trillion-dollar stock market crash is a little bit like blaming lightning for starting a fire"" and that the investigation was lengthened because regulators used ""bicycles to try and catch Ferraris."" Furthermore, he concluded that by April 2015, traders can still manipulate and impact markets in spite of regulators and banks' new, improved monitoring of automated trade systems.As recently as May 2014, a CFTC report concluded that high-frequency traders ""did not cause the Flash Crash, but contributed to it by demanding immediacy ahead of other market participants.""Recent research shows that Flash Crashes are not isolated occurrences, but have occurred quite often over the past century. For instance, Irene Aldridge, the author of High-Frequency Trading: A Practical Guide to Algorithmic Strategies and Trading Systems, 2nd ed., Wiley & Sons, shows that Flash Crashes have been frequent and their causes predictable in market microstructure analysis.