Principles of Fiber Optic Communication
... an electromagnetic wave such as a radio wave, microwave, or light wave, which acts as a carrier. (Modulation means to vary the amplitude or frequency in accordance with an external signal.) This modulated wave is then transmitted to the receiver through a channel and the receiver demodulates it to r ...
... an electromagnetic wave such as a radio wave, microwave, or light wave, which acts as a carrier. (Modulation means to vary the amplitude or frequency in accordance with an external signal.) This modulated wave is then transmitted to the receiver through a channel and the receiver demodulates it to r ...
THESIS Theoretical Study of Light Scattering by an Elliptical Cylinder
... satisfactory mathematical explanation of the rainbows with his newly established geometrical optics [1]. The multicolored arches often found in the east in the afternoon are due to the refraction and the internal reflection of light rays on the surface of water droplets. The dependence of the refrac ...
... satisfactory mathematical explanation of the rainbows with his newly established geometrical optics [1]. The multicolored arches often found in the east in the afternoon are due to the refraction and the internal reflection of light rays on the surface of water droplets. The dependence of the refrac ...
Deciphering Spinoza`s Letters Line by Line
... refraction and requiring much shorter tubes indeed made better microscopes (we do not know if Spinoza had in mind the smallest of lenses, the ground droplenses that Hudde, Vossius and van Leeuwenhoek used, but he may have). It should be said that Huygens’ admission goes a long way toward qualifying ...
... refraction and requiring much shorter tubes indeed made better microscopes (we do not know if Spinoza had in mind the smallest of lenses, the ground droplenses that Hudde, Vossius and van Leeuwenhoek used, but he may have). It should be said that Huygens’ admission goes a long way toward qualifying ...
EXPERIMENT 06 Helium Neon Laser
... observation we can see that a line broadened by the Doppler effect actually does not have a pure Gaussian distribution curve. To understand this, we pick out an ensemble of Ne atoms whose speed components have the value v in the direction we are looking at. We expect that all these atoms emit light ...
... observation we can see that a line broadened by the Doppler effect actually does not have a pure Gaussian distribution curve. To understand this, we pick out an ensemble of Ne atoms whose speed components have the value v in the direction we are looking at. We expect that all these atoms emit light ...
Quasi Phase Matching Devices for Optical
... QPM is a very special technique where the real phase matching never occurs, due to high conversion efficiencies which are nevertheless obtained in a crystal in which there is varying sign of non-linearity periodically. Such a variation technique of nonlinearity can be achieved by periodic polling. 1 ...
... QPM is a very special technique where the real phase matching never occurs, due to high conversion efficiencies which are nevertheless obtained in a crystal in which there is varying sign of non-linearity periodically. Such a variation technique of nonlinearity can be achieved by periodic polling. 1 ...
HERE - Washington
... refraction the changing of a wave’s speed and direction as it travels into a medium (SRB, IG) research looking for work that may already have been done (IG) resolution the clarity of detail in an image (SRB, IG) reverberation the collection of closely spaced sound reflections off many surfaces (SRB ...
... refraction the changing of a wave’s speed and direction as it travels into a medium (SRB, IG) research looking for work that may already have been done (IG) resolution the clarity of detail in an image (SRB, IG) reverberation the collection of closely spaced sound reflections off many surfaces (SRB ...
Increasing the Resolution of Far
... microscope focuses accelerated electrons rather than light. The de Broglie wavelength of the electrons can be as small as 0.005 nm and is easily controllable by an acceleration voltage of typically 50-100 kV so that the wave nature of the electrons does hardly play a limiting role. Presently, electr ...
... microscope focuses accelerated electrons rather than light. The de Broglie wavelength of the electrons can be as small as 0.005 nm and is easily controllable by an acceleration voltage of typically 50-100 kV so that the wave nature of the electrons does hardly play a limiting role. Presently, electr ...
Light-Scattering Study of the Normal Human Eye
... resulting time-dependent changes in the electromagnetic characteristics, such as the refractive index of the material, underlie the coupling of the light to the acoustic modes. Conversely, the electric field of an incident light wave can induce spatially varying and temporally periodic elastic strai ...
... resulting time-dependent changes in the electromagnetic characteristics, such as the refractive index of the material, underlie the coupling of the light to the acoustic modes. Conversely, the electric field of an incident light wave can induce spatially varying and temporally periodic elastic strai ...
Untitled
... medium; and a mostly German, Eulerian approach based on direct and improved analogy with acoustics. Chapter 5 recounts Thomas Young’s attempt to revive the wave theory with his principle of interference, the subsequent Laplacian consolidation of the Newtonian theory based on the corpuscular interpre ...
... medium; and a mostly German, Eulerian approach based on direct and improved analogy with acoustics. Chapter 5 recounts Thomas Young’s attempt to revive the wave theory with his principle of interference, the subsequent Laplacian consolidation of the Newtonian theory based on the corpuscular interpre ...
Fabrication of functional surfaces using ultrashort laser pulse ablation
... with replication methods. It is well known that sufficiently small surface structures reflect and deflect light in a way that can not be handled with geometrical optics. Naturally, when considering materials like metals, only reflected waves are observed. If the periodicity of the structures is in t ...
... with replication methods. It is well known that sufficiently small surface structures reflect and deflect light in a way that can not be handled with geometrical optics. Naturally, when considering materials like metals, only reflected waves are observed. If the periodicity of the structures is in t ...
Experimental and Theoretical Studies in Optical Coherence Theory
... Apart from mirrors, the use of lenses was also widespread in antiquity. Romans knew about the concept of magnification; for example Seneca mentions the use of a glass sphere filled with water to aid in reading fine writing [Sines and Sakellarakis, 1987]. Lenses made out of quartz and glass, dating a ...
... Apart from mirrors, the use of lenses was also widespread in antiquity. Romans knew about the concept of magnification; for example Seneca mentions the use of a glass sphere filled with water to aid in reading fine writing [Sines and Sakellarakis, 1987]. Lenses made out of quartz and glass, dating a ...
INTRODUCTION ...
... Therefore, research on the imported goods in the Mapungubwe Collection is of the utmost importance, as the discovery of the provenance of the artefacts would help to unravel the old trade routes through and around Africa. Indirectly it can also assist in refining the dating of the Mapungubwe archaeo ...
... Therefore, research on the imported goods in the Mapungubwe Collection is of the utmost importance, as the discovery of the provenance of the artefacts would help to unravel the old trade routes through and around Africa. Indirectly it can also assist in refining the dating of the Mapungubwe archaeo ...
MvR and Th.M. Nieuwenhuizen, Multiple scattering of classical
... In the diffusive regime this approach leads to the diffusion coefficient D⫽ v l/3. • Microscopic: The appropriate wave equation, such as Maxwell’s equations, the Schrödinger equation, or an acoustic-wave equation, is used on this length scale. The precise locations and shapes of scatterers are assu ...
... In the diffusive regime this approach leads to the diffusion coefficient D⫽ v l/3. • Microscopic: The appropriate wave equation, such as Maxwell’s equations, the Schrödinger equation, or an acoustic-wave equation, is used on this length scale. The precise locations and shapes of scatterers are assu ...
356961: Internet Protocols - ECSE - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
... Intelligent Optical networks Shivkumar Kalyanaraman Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ...
... Intelligent Optical networks Shivkumar Kalyanaraman Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ...
II. On the Michelson-Morley Experiment relating to the Drift of the
... only in this case the lines do not represent crests, but all belong to the same phase of the respective waves, this common phase differing with the instant for which the diagram is drawn. This is because the change produced by reflexion so modifies the reflected waves (as will be seen shortly) that ...
... only in this case the lines do not represent crests, but all belong to the same phase of the respective waves, this common phase differing with the instant for which the diagram is drawn. This is because the change produced by reflexion so modifies the reflected waves (as will be seen shortly) that ...
The influence of growth temperature on CVD grown graphene on SiC
... semi-insulating substrate. SiC substrate is a good candidate for electronic applications because it can operate in harsh environment, possess an excellent thermal conductivity which allows a good heat dissipation. So, the graphene has to be transfer from metal substrate to insulating substrate. One ...
... semi-insulating substrate. SiC substrate is a good candidate for electronic applications because it can operate in harsh environment, possess an excellent thermal conductivity which allows a good heat dissipation. So, the graphene has to be transfer from metal substrate to insulating substrate. One ...
Applications of hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposites
... related to the ability that materials scientists have to control and tune hybrid interfaces. In this field, hybrid organic– inorganic phases are very interesting due to the versatility they demonstrate in the building of a whole continuous range of nanocomposites, from ordered dispersions of inorgan ...
... related to the ability that materials scientists have to control and tune hybrid interfaces. In this field, hybrid organic– inorganic phases are very interesting due to the versatility they demonstrate in the building of a whole continuous range of nanocomposites, from ordered dispersions of inorgan ...
SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION OF CHIRAL-MODIFIED SILVER NANOPARTICLES
... deposited through Vacuum Thermal Evaporation, controlled under different deposition thicknesses. UV-Vis/IR spectra and AFM are used to characterize Ag NPs under different conditions. Transmitted SHG measurements dependent on incidence are recorded with standard lock-in techniques. Deposition thickne ...
... deposited through Vacuum Thermal Evaporation, controlled under different deposition thicknesses. UV-Vis/IR spectra and AFM are used to characterize Ag NPs under different conditions. Transmitted SHG measurements dependent on incidence are recorded with standard lock-in techniques. Deposition thickne ...
Optimal wave-front reconstruction strategies for
... proximation, is also considered for comparison. This model-approximation (MA) approach will rely on the notion of equivalent turbulent layers.10 In both approaches, the regularization of the ill-posed problem for the phase reconstruction is studied carefully, and the prior knowledge available both o ...
... proximation, is also considered for comparison. This model-approximation (MA) approach will rely on the notion of equivalent turbulent layers.10 In both approaches, the regularization of the ill-posed problem for the phase reconstruction is studied carefully, and the prior knowledge available both o ...
Measurement and correction of aberrations in light and electron
... accessibility and environmental constraints on the experimental apparatus. Even when considering organisms much smaller than humans, e.g. common lab animals such as mice or rats, the brain has a diameter of many millimeters, while individual functional units such as dendritic spines can have diamete ...
... accessibility and environmental constraints on the experimental apparatus. Even when considering organisms much smaller than humans, e.g. common lab animals such as mice or rats, the brain has a diameter of many millimeters, while individual functional units such as dendritic spines can have diamete ...
Anti-reflective coating
An antireflective or anti-reflection (AR) coating is a type of optical coating applied to the surface of lenses and other optical elements to reduce reflection. In typical imaging systems, this improves the efficiency since less light is lost. In complex systems such as a telescope, the reduction in reflections also improves the contrast of the image by elimination of stray light. This is especially important in planetary astronomy. In other applications, the primary benefit is the elimination of the reflection itself, such as a coating on eyeglass lenses that makes the eyes of the wearer more visible to others, or a coating to reduce the glint from a covert viewer's binoculars or telescopic sight.Many coatings consist of transparent thin film structures with alternating layers of contrasting refractive index. Layer thicknesses are chosen to produce destructive interference in the beams reflected from the interfaces, and constructive interference in the corresponding transmitted beams. This makes the structure's performance change with wavelength and incident angle, so that color effects often appear at oblique angles. A wavelength range must be specified when designing or ordering such coatings, but good performance can often be achieved for a relatively wide range of frequencies: usually a choice of IR, visible, or UV is offered.