Effects of surface current–wind interaction in an
... the interior ocean (e.g. Roquet et al., 2011). Ekman pumping depends on the curl of the wind stress, which is composed of spatial derivatives – and thus comes the relevance of ocean surface currents: oceanic currents typically vary on spatial scales that are much smaller than the winds associated wi ...
... the interior ocean (e.g. Roquet et al., 2011). Ekman pumping depends on the curl of the wind stress, which is composed of spatial derivatives – and thus comes the relevance of ocean surface currents: oceanic currents typically vary on spatial scales that are much smaller than the winds associated wi ...
Changing Ocean Biological Systems (COBS)
... Hutchins, 2013). The components within a foodweb, such as predators and their prey, may respond in very different ways to the same changing ocean conditions. For example, the physiology of microzooplankton (grazers) is more responsive than that of their prey (phytoplankton) to warming (Rose et al., ...
... Hutchins, 2013). The components within a foodweb, such as predators and their prey, may respond in very different ways to the same changing ocean conditions. For example, the physiology of microzooplankton (grazers) is more responsive than that of their prey (phytoplankton) to warming (Rose et al., ...
One Ocean Many Worlds of Life
... that teem in the ocean; just one drop of seawater may contain as many as 350,000 of them, which means there are many, many more of them in the sea than there are stars in the entire universe4. Ocean life is almost as varied as it is plentiful. Seahorses, the males of which carry their young in pouch ...
... that teem in the ocean; just one drop of seawater may contain as many as 350,000 of them, which means there are many, many more of them in the sea than there are stars in the entire universe4. Ocean life is almost as varied as it is plentiful. Seahorses, the males of which carry their young in pouch ...
Changes In Ice Storm Frequency Across The United States
... all of the aforementioned teleconnections commonly alters temperature and precipitation patterns across the United States throughout the entire year, but is usually most strongly noticed during the winter. A Closer Look at the AMO: The AMO is generally defined as a measure of the change in sea surfa ...
... all of the aforementioned teleconnections commonly alters temperature and precipitation patterns across the United States throughout the entire year, but is usually most strongly noticed during the winter. A Closer Look at the AMO: The AMO is generally defined as a measure of the change in sea surfa ...
15.2 The Diversity of Ocean Life
... examples of benthos organisms. The shallow coastal ocean floor contains a wide variety of physical conditions and nutrient levels. Most benthos organisms can be found living in this area. Shallow coastal areas are the only locations where large marine algae, often called seaweeds, are found attached ...
... examples of benthos organisms. The shallow coastal ocean floor contains a wide variety of physical conditions and nutrient levels. Most benthos organisms can be found living in this area. Shallow coastal areas are the only locations where large marine algae, often called seaweeds, are found attached ...
1 2 Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array 3
... migration of the source region due to regional warming. The data availability in this region (including Argo and ...
... migration of the source region due to regional warming. The data availability in this region (including Argo and ...
Geology 103
... - Carbonates tend to dissolve - Calcite is also more soluble as temperature decreases!! - Increased (hydrostatic) pressure in deep oceans also tends to promote dissolution The result: Calcite is more stable at the surface, tends to dissolve with depth - Leads to the concept of the CCD (Calcite Compe ...
... - Carbonates tend to dissolve - Calcite is also more soluble as temperature decreases!! - Increased (hydrostatic) pressure in deep oceans also tends to promote dissolution The result: Calcite is more stable at the surface, tends to dissolve with depth - Leads to the concept of the CCD (Calcite Compe ...
as a PDF
... effect of generating support for further marine research and for governmental and/or corporate stewardship of marine resources, In the USA, perhaps the most visible spokesperson for this movement has been publicist/authof/burcaucrat/oceanographcr Sylvia Earle, supported by a marine research and deve ...
... effect of generating support for further marine research and for governmental and/or corporate stewardship of marine resources, In the USA, perhaps the most visible spokesperson for this movement has been publicist/authof/burcaucrat/oceanographcr Sylvia Earle, supported by a marine research and deve ...
Grant, Emdad Haque, Masood Hassan, Cliff Hickey, Rob Huebert, Dyanna... Anne Kendrick, Mina Kislalioglu Berkes, Gary Kofinas, Igor Krupnik, Steve
... This volume is the output of the project, “Integrated management, complexity and diversity of use: responding and adapting to change.” The project focused on the Canadian North, defined to include the Beaufort Sea, the Arctic Ocean coast and islands, Hudson Bay, and Hudson Strait. The use of the idea ...
... This volume is the output of the project, “Integrated management, complexity and diversity of use: responding and adapting to change.” The project focused on the Canadian North, defined to include the Beaufort Sea, the Arctic Ocean coast and islands, Hudson Bay, and Hudson Strait. The use of the idea ...
The annual cycle of surface CO2 and O2 in the Ross Sea
... TCO2 values of ~2075 mol kg-1 which are ~150 mol kg-1 below the pre- phytoplankton bloom values of 2233 mol kg-1 (Figure 3b). By the time winter sea ice concentration have reached a winter average of 80%, the pCO2 and TCO2 concentrations appear to be returning to winter values. Measurements in la ...
... TCO2 values of ~2075 mol kg-1 which are ~150 mol kg-1 below the pre- phytoplankton bloom values of 2233 mol kg-1 (Figure 3b). By the time winter sea ice concentration have reached a winter average of 80%, the pCO2 and TCO2 concentrations appear to be returning to winter values. Measurements in la ...
Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array
... migration of the source region due to regional warming. The data availability in this region (including Argo and ...
... migration of the source region due to regional warming. The data availability in this region (including Argo and ...
Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS
... external (e.g. H2020) and internal (CMEMS) R&D priorities. Consistent updates of the Service Evolution Strategy and its R&D priorities are made on an annual basis. A first R&D roadmap was defined in 2010 in the MyOcean framework, with four key challenges identified that shaped the R&D effort during ...
... external (e.g. H2020) and internal (CMEMS) R&D priorities. Consistent updates of the Service Evolution Strategy and its R&D priorities are made on an annual basis. A first R&D roadmap was defined in 2010 in the MyOcean framework, with four key challenges identified that shaped the R&D effort during ...
dividends from investing in ocean observations
... islands, straits, and large areas of continental shelf, are northern Canada and South East Asia. Northern Canada, in spite of boasting the longest national coastline in the world, has a low population density, and small economic significance apart from some prospects of offshore oil. South East Asia ...
... islands, straits, and large areas of continental shelf, are northern Canada and South East Asia. Northern Canada, in spite of boasting the longest national coastline in the world, has a low population density, and small economic significance apart from some prospects of offshore oil. South East Asia ...
ICES, PICES, and the Arctic Council Task Force on Arctic Marine
... Pacific Arctic Region is loosely defined as the area lying between Russia and Alaska (Bering Strait) and extends northward including the Beaufort Gyre and Arctic Ocean and south including the Bering Sea. The area also includes seasonally ice-covered seas. PAG activities may extend beyond these bound ...
... Pacific Arctic Region is loosely defined as the area lying between Russia and Alaska (Bering Strait) and extends northward including the Beaufort Gyre and Arctic Ocean and south including the Bering Sea. The area also includes seasonally ice-covered seas. PAG activities may extend beyond these bound ...
Changes in the ventilation of the southern oceans
... phase [27].) Figure 4a shows the zonal-mean ideal age from year 863 of the control experiment, which is the initial date for the PERT experiments. In upper waters the ideal age in the control run is in steady state, but for deeper waters the age is still slowly increasing, e.g. there is an increase ...
... phase [27].) Figure 4a shows the zonal-mean ideal age from year 863 of the control experiment, which is the initial date for the PERT experiments. In upper waters the ideal age in the control run is in steady state, but for deeper waters the age is still slowly increasing, e.g. there is an increase ...
Ocean Acidification and the End-Permian Mass Extinction: To What
... measured directly, and whose temporal resolution decreases in older rocks. Thus large increases in CO2 in the past may have occurred over a long enough time to have allowed assimilation into the oceans, and acidification may not have stressed ocean biota to the present extent. Although we acknowledg ...
... measured directly, and whose temporal resolution decreases in older rocks. Thus large increases in CO2 in the past may have occurred over a long enough time to have allowed assimilation into the oceans, and acidification may not have stressed ocean biota to the present extent. Although we acknowledg ...
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean (also known as the Northern Ocean), located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea, classifying it a mediterranean sea or an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. Alternatively, the Arctic Ocean can be seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing World Ocean.Almost completely surrounded by Eurasia and North America, the Arctic Ocean is partly covered by sea ice throughout the year (and almost completely in winter). The Arctic Ocean's surface temperature and salinity vary seasonally as the ice cover melts and freezes; its salinity is the lowest on average of the five major oceans, due to low evaporation, heavy fresh water inflow from rivers and streams, and limited connection and outflow to surrounding oceanic waters with higher salinities. The summer shrinking of the ice has been quoted at 50%. The US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) uses satellite data to provide a daily record of Arctic sea ice cover and the rate of melting compared to an average period and specific past years.