Solution
... If an incident ray enters the cylinder, reflects off the back wall, and emerges antiparallel to the incident ray, a distance d away from it, what is the index of refraction of the cylinder in terms of R and d? Assume that the index of refraction of the surrounding air is 1.qYou may ...
... If an incident ray enters the cylinder, reflects off the back wall, and emerges antiparallel to the incident ray, a distance d away from it, what is the index of refraction of the cylinder in terms of R and d? Assume that the index of refraction of the surrounding air is 1.qYou may ...
Electromagnetic Waves Practice Test
... then the largest that the y-component of the electric field can be is closest to: A) 375 N/C B) 1.25 × 106 N/C C) 4.17 × 10-9 N/C D) 4.17 × 10-15 N/C E) 3.75 × 108 N/C Situation 32.1 A microwave oven operates at a frequency of 2400 MHz. The height of the oven cavity is 25 cm and the base measures 30 ...
... then the largest that the y-component of the electric field can be is closest to: A) 375 N/C B) 1.25 × 106 N/C C) 4.17 × 10-9 N/C D) 4.17 × 10-15 N/C E) 3.75 × 108 N/C Situation 32.1 A microwave oven operates at a frequency of 2400 MHz. The height of the oven cavity is 25 cm and the base measures 30 ...
pdf version with high-res figures - Physics Department, Princeton
... then we must have nonzero Ez . That is, the desired electric field has more than one vector component. To deduce all components of the electric and magnetic fields of a Gaussian laser beam from a single scalar wave function, we follow the suggestion of Davis [12] and seek solutions for a vector pote ...
... then we must have nonzero Ez . That is, the desired electric field has more than one vector component. To deduce all components of the electric and magnetic fields of a Gaussian laser beam from a single scalar wave function, we follow the suggestion of Davis [12] and seek solutions for a vector pote ...
Practice - UF Physics
... 20. The walls of a soap bubble have about the same index of refraction as that of plain water, n = 1.33. There is air both inside and outside the bubble. What wavelength (in air) of visible light is most strongly reflected from a point on a soap bubble where its wall is 300 nm thick? (1) 530 nm ...
... 20. The walls of a soap bubble have about the same index of refraction as that of plain water, n = 1.33. There is air both inside and outside the bubble. What wavelength (in air) of visible light is most strongly reflected from a point on a soap bubble where its wall is 300 nm thick? (1) 530 nm ...
op_rs1_rxy_cross
... kind is valid throughout this space, right down to the aperture. There are no limitations on the maximum size of either the aperture or observation region, relative to the observation distance, because no approximations have been made. The Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral of the first kind ( ...
... kind is valid throughout this space, right down to the aperture. There are no limitations on the maximum size of either the aperture or observation region, relative to the observation distance, because no approximations have been made. The Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral of the first kind ( ...
here
... 4. Enter 272 under COURSE; you may ignore the section number. 5. Under CODE enter the exam code from the label above. 6. During the exam, you may use pencils, a calculator, and one 8.5 x 11 inch sheet (both sides) with formulas and notes. 7. There are 24 multiple-choice questions on the exam. For ea ...
... 4. Enter 272 under COURSE; you may ignore the section number. 5. Under CODE enter the exam code from the label above. 6. During the exam, you may use pencils, a calculator, and one 8.5 x 11 inch sheet (both sides) with formulas and notes. 7. There are 24 multiple-choice questions on the exam. For ea ...
Intuitive explanation of the phase anomaly of focused light beams
... INTRODUCTION It is well known that a spherical converging light wave undergoes a phase change of 180 degrees in passing through its focus. This phase anomaly was first observed by Gouy 1 in 1890, and was explained by him on the basis of Huygens' principle. Gouy 2 also showed that this phase change i ...
... INTRODUCTION It is well known that a spherical converging light wave undergoes a phase change of 180 degrees in passing through its focus. This phase anomaly was first observed by Gouy 1 in 1890, and was explained by him on the basis of Huygens' principle. Gouy 2 also showed that this phase change i ...
10 Electromagnetic wave propagation: Superposition and their types
... linear combination of two or more solutions will also be a solution of the wave ...
... linear combination of two or more solutions will also be a solution of the wave ...
Properties of a Gaussian Beam
... large, while a highly collimated beam with small θ must have a beam waist that is large. The most important characteristic of the beam is the phase. The phase is flat (infinite curvature) at the waist w0 , then grows to a maximum at z0 and returns to flat at infinity. The curvature of the wave front ...
... large, while a highly collimated beam with small θ must have a beam waist that is large. The most important characteristic of the beam is the phase. The phase is flat (infinite curvature) at the waist w0 , then grows to a maximum at z0 and returns to flat at infinity. The curvature of the wave front ...
Question paper
... outside the box around each page or on blank pages. l Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. ...
... outside the box around each page or on blank pages. l Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. ...
Femtosecond powder diffraction with a laser-driven hard X
... A multilayer X-ray optic focuses the X-rays emitted in forward direction onto the powder sample. The optic collects X-rays in a solid angle of approximately 10−4 , resulting in a X-ray flux of 106 photons per seconds on the sample. The X-ray spot size on the sample is between 30 to 200 μ m (FWHM), d ...
... A multilayer X-ray optic focuses the X-rays emitted in forward direction onto the powder sample. The optic collects X-rays in a solid angle of approximately 10−4 , resulting in a X-ray flux of 106 photons per seconds on the sample. The X-ray spot size on the sample is between 30 to 200 μ m (FWHM), d ...
Modern Atomic Theory Part One
... A Theory That Explains Electron Behavior • The quantum-mechanical model explains the manner in which electrons exist and behave in atoms. • It helps us understand and predict the properties of atoms that are directly related to the behavior of the electrons: – Why some elements are metals and other ...
... A Theory That Explains Electron Behavior • The quantum-mechanical model explains the manner in which electrons exist and behave in atoms. • It helps us understand and predict the properties of atoms that are directly related to the behavior of the electrons: – Why some elements are metals and other ...
Polarization
... An ideal polarizer passes 100% of the incident light that is polarized in the direction of the polarizing axis but completely blocks all light that is polarized perpendicular to this axis. When unpolarized light is incident on an ideal polarizer, the intensity of the transmitted light is exactly hal ...
... An ideal polarizer passes 100% of the incident light that is polarized in the direction of the polarizing axis but completely blocks all light that is polarized perpendicular to this axis. When unpolarized light is incident on an ideal polarizer, the intensity of the transmitted light is exactly hal ...
Lecture 15: Refraction and Reflection
... For air n ≈ 1 and for water n = 1.33 so θc = 49◦. For incident angles larger than the critical angle, there is no refraction: all the light is reflected. We call this situation total internal reflection. Total internal reflection can only happen if n2 < n1. Thus, light can be confined to a material ...
... For air n ≈ 1 and for water n = 1.33 so θc = 49◦. For incident angles larger than the critical angle, there is no refraction: all the light is reflected. We call this situation total internal reflection. Total internal reflection can only happen if n2 < n1. Thus, light can be confined to a material ...
Advances in diamond-turned surfaces enable unique cost
... Recent advancements in multiple axis diamond machining equipment combined with proprietary techniques and materials permit the direct machining of visible quality powered blazed gratings. These new processes allow great flexibility in the grating design including variable blaze angle, variable perio ...
... Recent advancements in multiple axis diamond machining equipment combined with proprietary techniques and materials permit the direct machining of visible quality powered blazed gratings. These new processes allow great flexibility in the grating design including variable blaze angle, variable perio ...
Diffraction
Diffraction refers to various phenomena which occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit. In classical physics, the diffraction phenomenon is described as the interference of waves according to the Huygens–Fresnel principle. These characteristic behaviors are exhibited when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit that is comparable in size to its wavelength. Similar effects occur when a light wave travels through a medium with a varying refractive index, or when a sound wave travels through a medium with varying acoustic impedance. Diffraction occurs with all waves, including sound waves, water waves, and electromagnetic waves such as visible light, X-rays and radio waves.Since physical objects have wave-like properties (at the atomic level), diffraction also occurs with matter and can be studied according to the principles of quantum mechanics. Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word ""diffraction"" and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660.While diffraction occurs whenever propagating waves encounter such changes, its effects are generally most pronounced for waves whose wavelength is roughly comparable to the dimensions of the diffracting object or slit. If the obstructing object provides multiple, closely spaced openings, a complex pattern of varying intensity can result. This is due to the addition, or interference, of different parts of a wave that travels to the observer by different paths, where different path lengths result in different phases (see diffraction grating and wave superposition). The formalism of diffraction can also describe the way in which waves of finite extent propagate in free space. For example, the expanding profile of a laser beam, the beam shape of a radar antenna and the field of view of an ultrasonic transducer can all be analyzed using diffraction equations.