your course handouts
... Snell's law can be used to calculate how much the light will bend on travelling into the new medium. If the interface between the two materials represents the boundary between air (n ~ 1) and water (n = 1.33) and if angle of incidence = 45°, using Snell's Law the angle of refraction = 32°. The equat ...
... Snell's law can be used to calculate how much the light will bend on travelling into the new medium. If the interface between the two materials represents the boundary between air (n ~ 1) and water (n = 1.33) and if angle of incidence = 45°, using Snell's Law the angle of refraction = 32°. The equat ...
SURFACE WAVE PROPAGATION IN A DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDE
... exists at a sharp discontinuity between two different mediums, that can be either isotropic or anisotropic, permeable or nonpermeable, and gyroelectric or gyromagnetic media [12–16]. Many different modes can exist at the interface of different media, surface wave mode being one of them. In the past, ...
... exists at a sharp discontinuity between two different mediums, that can be either isotropic or anisotropic, permeable or nonpermeable, and gyroelectric or gyromagnetic media [12–16]. Many different modes can exist at the interface of different media, surface wave mode being one of them. In the past, ...
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES A
... better than science). Marvin, Keith, and Allan for giving me company and a reason to come to work at 4:00am. Vivian Smart for being always genuine (and a lot of times scary as hell). Tanis for being so damn fun. Jayne for being a rock in the applied physics department, I hope you enjoy your new life ...
... better than science). Marvin, Keith, and Allan for giving me company and a reason to come to work at 4:00am. Vivian Smart for being always genuine (and a lot of times scary as hell). Tanis for being so damn fun. Jayne for being a rock in the applied physics department, I hope you enjoy your new life ...
Liquid-Jet-Target Microfocus X-Ray Sources: Electron Guns, Optics
... wavelength enables structure determination of materials on an atomic scale via diffraction experiments. [2] A good figure of merit for any radiating source is its brightness, customarily expressed in radiated power per unit source area and unit solid angle. However, brightness is at best conserved i ...
... wavelength enables structure determination of materials on an atomic scale via diffraction experiments. [2] A good figure of merit for any radiating source is its brightness, customarily expressed in radiated power per unit source area and unit solid angle. However, brightness is at best conserved i ...
1 Definition of Physics
... The standard SI unit for length is the meter. Originally, the definition of the meter was the distance between two scratches on a length of metal. The standard length of metal was stored in a secure vault under controlled conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity. Most countries had their ow ...
... The standard SI unit for length is the meter. Originally, the definition of the meter was the distance between two scratches on a length of metal. The standard length of metal was stored in a secure vault under controlled conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity. Most countries had their ow ...
Parametric Decay and Anomalous Scattering from
... explosions, slightly discouragingly, making the hydrogen bomb the "practical" earthbound application of fusion to date. The process which has attracted most attention in connection with fusion research is the reaction of the hydrogen isotopes deuterium (hydrogen-2) and tritium (hydrogen-3) producing ...
... explosions, slightly discouragingly, making the hydrogen bomb the "practical" earthbound application of fusion to date. The process which has attracted most attention in connection with fusion research is the reaction of the hydrogen isotopes deuterium (hydrogen-2) and tritium (hydrogen-3) producing ...
Accelerator Physics and Technology
... momentum conservation, which is unavailable for the creation of new particles. In a collider on the other hand, all the kinetic energy of the initial particles is available for the creation of new particles, but the target density is limited by the intensities of the colliding beams and the constant ...
... momentum conservation, which is unavailable for the creation of new particles. In a collider on the other hand, all the kinetic energy of the initial particles is available for the creation of new particles, but the target density is limited by the intensities of the colliding beams and the constant ...
Reconstruction of negative hydrogen ion beam properties from
... area: 63 cm2 , apertures: 126, width × height × depth: 0.32 m × 0.56 m × 0.19 m) the large source at ELISE has half ITER-source size (extraction area: 1000 cm2 , apertures: 640, width × height × depth: 0.86 m × 1 m × 0.24 m). The maximum energy of the accelerated particles at BATMAN is around 25 keV ...
... area: 63 cm2 , apertures: 126, width × height × depth: 0.32 m × 0.56 m × 0.19 m) the large source at ELISE has half ITER-source size (extraction area: 1000 cm2 , apertures: 640, width × height × depth: 0.86 m × 1 m × 0.24 m). The maximum energy of the accelerated particles at BATMAN is around 25 keV ...
Preferential Perpendicular Acceleration of Heavy Ionospheric Ions
... determined by the maximum of 1J v I. Note that ~ = k 1 r. Since the maxima of 1 J v 1 are separated by the zeros of J II , we call the range of ~ between the zeros as cells, numbered by p. Depending on the amplitude to (or a), the threshold criterion (15) can be satisfied over several cells. The upp ...
... determined by the maximum of 1J v I. Note that ~ = k 1 r. Since the maxima of 1 J v 1 are separated by the zeros of J II , we call the range of ~ between the zeros as cells, numbered by p. Depending on the amplitude to (or a), the threshold criterion (15) can be satisfied over several cells. The upp ...
[pdf]
... Here G T1 (r, V̂, t) is the unnormalized temporal field correlation function, which is a function of position r, direction V̂, and correlation time t. The scattering and the absorption coefficients are ms and ma , respectively, and m t 5 m s 1 m a . g 1 s (V̂, V̂ 8 , t ) is the normalized temporal f ...
... Here G T1 (r, V̂, t) is the unnormalized temporal field correlation function, which is a function of position r, direction V̂, and correlation time t. The scattering and the absorption coefficients are ms and ma , respectively, and m t 5 m s 1 m a . g 1 s (V̂, V̂ 8 , t ) is the normalized temporal f ...
Femtosecond X-Ray Scattering in Condensed Matter
... general, crystal distortions change the fraction of coherently scattered photons and result in a modified integrated Bragg diffracted intensity. In timeresolved X-ray experiments photo-excitation may result in ultrafast changes of lattice geometries, requiring a sound description of transient scatte ...
... general, crystal distortions change the fraction of coherently scattered photons and result in a modified integrated Bragg diffracted intensity. In timeresolved X-ray experiments photo-excitation may result in ultrafast changes of lattice geometries, requiring a sound description of transient scatte ...
Multiple scattering of waves in anisotropic disordered media
... In this thesis we develop a mathematical model that describes the propagation of waves through anisotropic disordered matter. There are many wave phenomena which can all be described by comparable mathematical equations, such as sound waves, water waves, and electromagnetic waves. The model we study ...
... In this thesis we develop a mathematical model that describes the propagation of waves through anisotropic disordered matter. There are many wave phenomena which can all be described by comparable mathematical equations, such as sound waves, water waves, and electromagnetic waves. The model we study ...
a study for the propagation of electromagnetic waves over
... Fig. 3.3 A comparison between the integrands on the tail part of the contour for a horizontal separation of 10m : (a) Schelkunoff (b) Sommerfeld ...................................... 41 Fig. 3.4 A comparison between the integrands on the tail part of the contour for a horizontal separation of 100m ...
... Fig. 3.3 A comparison between the integrands on the tail part of the contour for a horizontal separation of 10m : (a) Schelkunoff (b) Sommerfeld ...................................... 41 Fig. 3.4 A comparison between the integrands on the tail part of the contour for a horizontal separation of 100m ...
Dokument 1
... under the influence of an applied electric field is known as dielectricity, whereas the formation of the mechanical strains is referred to as the converse piezoelectric effect [5, 6]. Although many technical applications are essentially based on both of these phenomena, their microscopic nature is n ...
... under the influence of an applied electric field is known as dielectricity, whereas the formation of the mechanical strains is referred to as the converse piezoelectric effect [5, 6]. Although many technical applications are essentially based on both of these phenomena, their microscopic nature is n ...
A compendium on beam transport and beam
... chapters in this book, notably in the second part. The reports’ titles and their authors are mentioned in the very beginning of the chapters where material from them have been used. A summarizing report may be interesting in itself, but to heighten the appeal to a broader audience and to future stud ...
... chapters in this book, notably in the second part. The reports’ titles and their authors are mentioned in the very beginning of the chapters where material from them have been used. A summarizing report may be interesting in itself, but to heighten the appeal to a broader audience and to future stud ...
Photonic crystals for light trapping in solar cells
... degrees. The behavior under oblique incidence angles can to a large degree be predicted by considering the number of escaping diffraction orders which may easily be found from the grating equation. In addition to the well-known structures mentioned above I also introduce novel lighttrapping structure ...
... degrees. The behavior under oblique incidence angles can to a large degree be predicted by considering the number of escaping diffraction orders which may easily be found from the grating equation. In addition to the well-known structures mentioned above I also introduce novel lighttrapping structure ...
Nonreciprocal Electromagnetic Scattering from a Periodically Space
... properties. In contrast to moving media, where the velocity of the medium is restricted to the speed of light, space-time modulation can take both subluminal and superluminal velocities. In contrast to static periodic media such as photonic crystals, periodic space-time media exhibit asymmetric, til ...
... properties. In contrast to moving media, where the velocity of the medium is restricted to the speed of light, space-time modulation can take both subluminal and superluminal velocities. In contrast to static periodic media such as photonic crystals, periodic space-time media exhibit asymmetric, til ...
Laser Wakefield Acceleration Using Few-millijoule
... The gas peak is before laser focus (Z = 0.2 mm). Top panel: isosurface plots (25%, 50% and 75% of the maximum intensity) showing the pulse dynamics at different propagating distances. Side panels display intensity profiles at cross-sectional planes through the center of the box. Bottom panel: spatia ...
... The gas peak is before laser focus (Z = 0.2 mm). Top panel: isosurface plots (25%, 50% and 75% of the maximum intensity) showing the pulse dynamics at different propagating distances. Side panels display intensity profiles at cross-sectional planes through the center of the box. Bottom panel: spatia ...
pdf
... a velocity subset of the thermal sample, however, the contrast is enhanced and deviates from this model. In a second experiment we measure the coherence of a diatomic molecular gas, as well as the atomic Bose-Einstein condensate from which it was created. We use Bragg spectroscopy, in which atoms ex ...
... a velocity subset of the thermal sample, however, the contrast is enhanced and deviates from this model. In a second experiment we measure the coherence of a diatomic molecular gas, as well as the atomic Bose-Einstein condensate from which it was created. We use Bragg spectroscopy, in which atoms ex ...
Electrodynamic Guiding and Deceleration of Polar Diatomic Molecules
... The last century has seen the advent and further development of quantum mechanics. Since then immense progress has been made experimentally, that has allowed the quantum nature of the microscopic domain to be probed and put to the test. A prime example is the cooling, trapping and manipulation of ne ...
... The last century has seen the advent and further development of quantum mechanics. Since then immense progress has been made experimentally, that has allowed the quantum nature of the microscopic domain to be probed and put to the test. A prime example is the cooling, trapping and manipulation of ne ...
Diffraction
Diffraction refers to various phenomena which occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit. In classical physics, the diffraction phenomenon is described as the interference of waves according to the Huygens–Fresnel principle. These characteristic behaviors are exhibited when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit that is comparable in size to its wavelength. Similar effects occur when a light wave travels through a medium with a varying refractive index, or when a sound wave travels through a medium with varying acoustic impedance. Diffraction occurs with all waves, including sound waves, water waves, and electromagnetic waves such as visible light, X-rays and radio waves.Since physical objects have wave-like properties (at the atomic level), diffraction also occurs with matter and can be studied according to the principles of quantum mechanics. Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word ""diffraction"" and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660.While diffraction occurs whenever propagating waves encounter such changes, its effects are generally most pronounced for waves whose wavelength is roughly comparable to the dimensions of the diffracting object or slit. If the obstructing object provides multiple, closely spaced openings, a complex pattern of varying intensity can result. This is due to the addition, or interference, of different parts of a wave that travels to the observer by different paths, where different path lengths result in different phases (see diffraction grating and wave superposition). The formalism of diffraction can also describe the way in which waves of finite extent propagate in free space. For example, the expanding profile of a laser beam, the beam shape of a radar antenna and the field of view of an ultrasonic transducer can all be analyzed using diffraction equations.