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AvD from spark website
AvD from spark website

... difficult to design than those which accomplish the same task digitally. It takes a special kind of analog circuit wizard to design an analog radio receiver, or an analog battery charger; digital components exist to make those designs much simpler. Analog circuits are usually much more susceptible t ...
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1. What is the voltage across the 20Ω resistor? a. 0 V b. 2 V c. 3 V d
1. What is the voltage across the 20Ω resistor? a. 0 V b. 2 V c. 3 V d

MAX1198 Dual, 8-Bit, 100Msps, 3.3V, Low-Power ADC General Description
MAX1198 Dual, 8-Bit, 100Msps, 3.3V, Low-Power ADC General Description

... An internal 2.048V precision bandgap reference sets the full-scale range of the ADC. A flexible reference structure allows the use of this internal or an externally applied reference, if desired, for applications requiring increased accuracy or a different input voltage range. The MAX1198 features p ...
UIG-2-NA - Universal Interface Installation Guide
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... unit can be mounted virtually anywhere. It has four opticallyisolated digital inputs and a further four inputs configurable for either digital or analog use. All inputs are programmable as to their function. In addition to the inputs there are four LED output drives for visual feedback of switch act ...
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... Fig. (a) CS Amplifier and (b) Small Signal Model Field-effect transistor amplifiers provide an excellent voltage gain with the added feature of a high input impedance. They are also considered low-power consumption configurations with good frequency range and minimal size and weight. Both JFET and d ...
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logic circuit - Mathematic.in

... .AS YOU SEE. IF BOTH INPUTSARE LOW THE OUTPUT IOS LOW. IF EITHER ...
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... between the gate and cathode lead. The thyristor T1 is forward biased during the positive half cycle of input ac supply. It can be triggered and made to conduct by applying a suitable gate trigger pulse only during the positive half cycle of input supply. When T1 is triggered it conducts and the loa ...
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... icon below channel A. Click on the rescale icon and a graph of the resistor voltage versus time is shown. Click on the Input selection box at the lower left of the graph window (second row, second icon), click on Analog B and click on Voltage to display the inductor voltage graph. Repeat this to se ...
PHYSICS 176 UNIVERSITY PHYSICS LAB II Experiment 4
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... The significant increase of the operating speed is achieved by using merged AND-gate flip-flops. At the same time the power consumption is reduced because the two current sources required for the separate AND gates can now be omitted. This principal is shown in figure 3. The CML AND-gate is connecte ...
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Analog-to-digital converter



An analog-to-digital converter (ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts a continuous physical quantity (usually voltage) to a digital number that represents the quantity's amplitude.The conversion involves quantization of the input, so it necessarily introduces a small amount of error. Furthermore, instead of continuously performing the conversion, an ADC does the conversion periodically, sampling the input. The result is a sequence of digital values that have been converted from a continuous-time and continuous-amplitude analog signal to a discrete-time and discrete-amplitude digital signal.An ADC is defined by its bandwidth (the range of frequencies it can measure) and its signal to noise ratio (how accurately it can measure a signal relative to the noise it introduces). The actual bandwidth of an ADC is characterized primarily by its sampling rate, and to a lesser extent by how it handles errors such as aliasing. The dynamic range of an ADC is influenced by many factors, including the resolution (the number of output levels it can quantize a signal to), linearity and accuracy (how well the quantization levels match the true analog signal) and jitter (small timing errors that introduce additional noise). The dynamic range of an ADC is often summarized in terms of its effective number of bits (ENOB), the number of bits of each measure it returns that are on average not noise. An ideal ADC has an ENOB equal to its resolution. ADCs are chosen to match the bandwidth and required signal to noise ratio of the signal to be quantized. If an ADC operates at a sampling rate greater than twice the bandwidth of the signal, then perfect reconstruction is possible given an ideal ADC and neglecting quantization error. The presence of quantization error limits the dynamic range of even an ideal ADC, however, if the dynamic range of the ADC exceeds that of the input signal, its effects may be neglected resulting in an essentially perfect digital representation of the input signal.An ADC may also provide an isolated measurement such as an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage or current to a digital number proportional to the magnitude of the voltage or current. However, some non-electronic or only partially electronic devices, such as rotary encoders, can also be considered ADCs. The digital output may use different coding schemes. Typically the digital output will be a two's complement binary number that is proportional to the input, but there are other possibilities. An encoder, for example, might output a Gray code.The inverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).
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