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... Ecological Succession - Change in the species composition of a community over time Succession progresses in stages from pioneer species to a climax community. The entire process from bare rock to climax is called a SERE that progresses through SERAL STAGES Early seral stages – low diversity, simple ...
Conserve all the pieces and processes
Conserve all the pieces and processes

... human activities affect nitrogen’s form, impact in the environment nitrogen is only one of many nutrient cycles ...
Ecological Succession
Ecological Succession

... 1. Grass gets taller and weeds start to grow ...
Seed dispersal, spatial distribution and maintenance of tropical tree
Seed dispersal, spatial distribution and maintenance of tropical tree

... a tropical forest landscape. Using data from a fully mapped 2ha primary coastal hill dipterocarp forest plot in Bukit Timah, the abundances for different trees species were investigated and their dispersion patterns were evaluated based on dispersal morphologies. The generalized hypothesis that spec ...
Sustainable conservation on Hungarian Natura 2000 sites
Sustainable conservation on Hungarian Natura 2000 sites

... Natura 2000 maintenance plans - 12 sites involved - Detailed background data (flora & fauna, habitats, land use) - Input data from the other work packages -Based on thematic maps – harmonized among management units (protecion of habitats & bird fauna) - Guidelines fitting the subsidy scheme High le ...
Who Wants to be a Millionaire?
Who Wants to be a Millionaire?

... rain forest orchids and rain forest trees is an example of __________ and ___________. • Symbiosis and commensalism ...
Chapter 6
Chapter 6

... • Nutrients from dead organic matter are removed so efficiently that runoff from rain forests is often as pure as distilled water. • Most tropical soils that are cleared of plants for agriculture lack nutrients and cannot support crops for more than a few years. • Many of the trees form above ground ...
Chapter 6 section 2
Chapter 6 section 2

... Activities in Temperate Rain Forests Tall trees with needlelike leaves, like fir, cedar, and spruce, grow in temperate rain forests. Lichens and mosses also grow there. Animals that live in temperate rain forests include black bear, bobcats, and many species of amphibians. The logging industry in the ...
Report - Indiana University Southeast
Report - Indiana University Southeast

... Amur honeysuckle is an aggressive invasive. It was introduced from China to the United States in the late nineteenth century as an ornamental shrub and entered the Ohio Valley as an invasive species in the early 1960s (Hutchinson and Vankat, 1997). Growing to heights of up to six meters, the shrub p ...
Chapter 6. Ecology, Advanced 6.3. Biomes
Chapter 6. Ecology, Advanced 6.3. Biomes

... decades, in a process called succession. Then in an apparent contradiction, we explained why communities ought to be able to remain stable over centuries. You might think we ought to make up our minds as to whether communities change or not. What we think is that it is a simple matter of scale. Over ...
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... What are the unique characteristics of the world's major biomes?  Biomes are defined by a unique set of ________________—particularly climate—and a characteristic assemblage of plants and animals. Tropical Rain Forest  Tropical rain forests are home to more ____________ than all other biomes combi ...
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... that you understand what is meant by an ancient woodland, and how to identify it. To name some characteristic species of ancient woodlands. To teach you management techniques suitable for these systems. ...
Preservation v. Economic Development
Preservation v. Economic Development

... Protected areas in developing countries, where probably as many as 70-80 percent of the species of the world live, still enjoy very little effective management and protection. Although some countries such as Mexico have non-profit civil organizations and land owners dedicated to protect vast private ...
Succession Quiz - cloudfront.net
Succession Quiz - cloudfront.net

... a) secondary succession occurs. b) fertilizer needs to be applied to the land. c) seeds need to be replanted. d) all of the above 9. Which would represent primary succession? a) rock  lichen  moss  grass  trees  shrub b) rock  moss  lichen  grass  shrub  trees c) rock  lichen  moss  shr ...
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... Pioneer species, like lichens and mosses, establish themselves on the rock substrate. ...
170328 VAFI FFG Act review v3
170328 VAFI FFG Act review v3

... In addition to abiding by Action Statements, Victorian forest managers are legally obliged by the Code of Practice to protect ecosystem structures and functions. There is a suite of mandatory actions to maintain environmental values and minimise impacts on cultural values and the vis ...
Effects of Forest Fire Protection on Plant Diversity in a Tropical
Effects of Forest Fire Protection on Plant Diversity in a Tropical

... Average of Total Domin Score of July, Spetember and November. The blank (-) does not mean that the species is absent in the site. It indicates the species does not fall within the nine maximum abundant species. ...
Extension 24 PDF
Extension 24 PDF

... decomposers in an ecosystem. a. What is an ecosystem service? An ecosystem service is a vital function that some organisms in the ecosystem provide for the benefit of all the others. For instance, plants produce oxygen that other animals need to survive. Decomposition is another ecosystem service th ...
Biomes A biome is a community of animals and plants spreading
Biomes A biome is a community of animals and plants spreading

... burrow  to  avoid  the  sun  in  the  summer  also  must  be  able  to  survive  relatively   cold  winters.  Many  of  them  hibernate  through  the  cold  season.  An  adaptation  of   desert  animals  to  the  blowing  winds  wou ...
Tropical Rain Forest
Tropical Rain Forest

... Shallow soil cannot hold up the giant rain-forest trees without the added support of buttress roots that flare out from the base. ...
Disturbance and Succesion Worksheet - Ecosystem
Disturbance and Succesion Worksheet - Ecosystem

... Block: ...
3.3 Forest-specific diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens
3.3 Forest-specific diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens

... use but managed under a conservation regime. Furthermore, all stages of forest development in proportions corresponding to the natural disturbance regime should be maintained. Thus, the continuous cover strategy may have to be supplemented by concepts to preserve all native tree species and forest c ...
Nantahala and Pisgah Forest Plan
Nantahala and Pisgah Forest Plan

... • Each ecozone, classified by composition of overstory and understory species, provides a variety of habitats distributed across a range of ages and functioning structural layers. These age and structural conditions, denoted as classes, represent the natural range of variation or other appropriate d ...
Forest Biomes
Forest Biomes

... The next layer, considered the primary layer of the rain forest, is called the canopy. Trees in the canopy can grow more than 30 m tall. The tall trees form a dense layer that absorbs up to 95 percent of the sunlight. The canopy can be split into an upper canopy and a lower canopy. The lower canopy ...
Arguing Tropical Forest Conservation: People
Arguing Tropical Forest Conservation: People

... and plants. More important for the present debate, the evidence that subsistence hunting by sparse populations of forest dwellers will drive any species to local extinction is simply not available. Both Terborgh and Redford & Sanderson apparently agree with our statement that such species alteration ...
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Old-growth forest



An old-growth forest (also termed primary forest, virgin forest, primeval forest, late seral forest, or in Britain, ancient woodland) is a forest that has attained great age without significant disturbance and thereby exhibits unique ecological features and might be classified as a climax community. Old-growth features include diverse tree-related structures that provide diverse wildlife habitat that increases the bio-diversity of the forested ecosystem. The concept of diverse tree structure includes multi-layered canopies and canopy gaps, greatly varying tree heights and diameters, and diverse tree species and classes and sizes of woody debris.Old-growth forests are economically valuable, and logging of these forests has been a point of contention between the logging industry and environmentalists.
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