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Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy

... 1-Diabetic retinopathy • Diabetic retinopathy remains the most common complication of diabetes mellitus and is a leading cause of visual loss and may cause blindness. • Studies in the past year suggesting that defective repair of injured retinal vessels by endothelial progenitor cells may contrib ...
anatomy and physiology
anatomy and physiology

... its limitations is poor visualization of upper and lower angles because of eyelid coverage. We introduced a new method for more visibility of the upper and lower angles by holding only upper eyelid when subjects looked downward for superior angle imaging, and vice versa for inferior angle. In additi ...
Anatomy of the Patient Exam
Anatomy of the Patient Exam

... at the cornea and measuring the amount of deflection produced. No anesthetic drop is needed for this procedure (indentation tonometry). ...
Cellfield and Vision - Case Study
Cellfield and Vision - Case Study

... guidance of goal-directed arm and hand movements, such as the movement involved with catching and throwing a ball. ...
Eye Drugs
Eye Drugs

... Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma ...
Medical design template
Medical design template

... Otoscopic Examination of the EAC and TM • Straighten the ear canal • Adults- pull superior and posterior • Children– pull posterior and maybe inferior ...
EVERYTHING THERAPEUTIC: SAN ANTONIO
EVERYTHING THERAPEUTIC: SAN ANTONIO

... 1. Fundus flavimaculatus flecks are composed of lipofuscin and hyperautofluoresce ; may hypoautofluoresce around the edges as outer retinal cells degenerate v. Hypofluorescent abnormalities 1. Typically seen in the macula, representing outer cell degeneration which explains the reduced visual acuity ...
Nutritional Genomics in Primary Open
Nutritional Genomics in Primary Open

... Through traditional linkage analysis, a region of genes was found in chromosome 1q called GLC1A related to glaucoma. Subsequently, similar studies in other glaucoma pedigrees_describe other 13 genes related to the disease (GLC1B to GLC1N) [13, 18, 19]. Three glaucoma-related genes have been identifi ...
Ophthalmic Examination Made Simple
Ophthalmic Examination Made Simple

... found in a cortically blind animal. The PLR is usually present (although it may be diminished or slow) in animals suffering from outer retinal degeneration, cataracts, and other causes of subcortical blindness. Nevertheless, the PLR is an important test as it helps localize lesions cause vision loss ...
MCQs 3.25MB 2017-03
MCQs 3.25MB 2017-03

... b. is usually preceded by a viral prodromal phase c. begins as a grey peripheral infiltrate which breaks down into a ulcer furrow d. the margin of the ulcer is infiltrated with monocytes and plasma cells e. it is similar to corneal melting associated with connective tissue diseases such as rheumatoi ...
Eyes/Vision
Eyes/Vision

... The eye is probably the most complex of all of our sensory organs. It not only includes receptors which are stimulated when light strikes them and send electrical signals to the brain, but it is also able to modify how much these receptors are stimulated by allowing more or less light to enter the e ...
Changes in retinal aquaporin-9 (AQP9) expression in glaucoma
Changes in retinal aquaporin-9 (AQP9) expression in glaucoma

... cellular pumps and glutamate transporters [11], oxidative stress and free radical formation [12], inflammatory cytokines such as TNF (tumour necrosis factor) [13], abnormal immunity and secondary neurodegeneration caused by neuronal environmental changes [14]. Even though glaucoma disease factors ar ...
Word Version in English
Word Version in English

... include but are not limited to retinal detachment, cataract formation (clouding of the lens of the eye), glaucoma (increased pressure in the eye), hypotony (reduced pressure in the eye), damage to the retina or cornea (structures of the eye), and bleeding. There is also the possibility of an eye inf ...
Why we screen vision in young children
Why we screen vision in young children

... Development of age appropriate visual functions o Ex: Social smile established at 2 months ...
Pathophysiology of Glaucomatous Optic
Pathophysiology of Glaucomatous Optic

... Therefore, vascular resistance in the ONH depends upon the state and caliber of the vessels feeding the ONH circulation and rheological properties of the blood. The latter are influenced by a large variety of hematologic disorders, particularly those causing increased blood viscosity. The state and ...
RETINOBLASTOMA: Enucleation, Partial or Complete Exenteration
RETINOBLASTOMA: Enucleation, Partial or Complete Exenteration

... consists entirely of benign, well-differentiated cells often with associated calcification. The cells have smaller, less hyperchromatic nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. Necrosis is typically absent and mitotic figures are rare.4-9 Retinoblastomas may arise in multicentric foci. E. Histologic Features ...
Structural and Functional Ocular Imaging
Structural and Functional Ocular Imaging

... criteria that classified the same number of patients progressing with SAP and HRT so that an overlap between the two could be observed. Unfortunately, the overlap was small and it reduced as the progression levels reduced. “What this data has shown us,” Dr Chauhan continued, “is that visual field an ...
Evidence base of the effects of smoking on the eye
Evidence base of the effects of smoking on the eye

... Possible link with active cigarette smoking in other eye diseases such as:  Leber’s optic neuropathy (Tsao et al. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83:577-81)  Non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (Chung et al. Ophthalmology 1994;101:779-82) ...
Sensory Components of Motor Control
Sensory Components of Motor Control

... Visually  retaining  the  object  on  forea  of  the  re6na  during  flight.   Two  eye  movement:    -­‐  Tracking  slow  moving  objects  we  use  smooth  pursuit  (matching  speed  of  the   object  with  eye  movement  speed)  whe ...
Section 9 worksheet answers
Section 9 worksheet answers

... What is the evidence for a critical period being involved in this process? In young owls, the adaptation occurs but in older owls, it does not occur. That is, the young owl’s nervous system is able to adjust its visual or auditory fields to be in alignment but in old owls, this does not usually happ ...
Ocular Injuries and Severe Ocular Surface Diseases in Malaysia
Ocular Injuries and Severe Ocular Surface Diseases in Malaysia

... locally is clearly a breakthrough which we had been longing to see in our upstream research in ophthalmology 5. Transplantation of cultivated corneal epithelium cells is an important modality in the treatment of ocular surface disease. The authors must be commended on this project. The outcome will ...
Hypermetropia - Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar Dental
Hypermetropia - Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar Dental

... The Eye as an Optical Device • Structures in the eye bend light rays • Light rays converge on the retina at a single focal point ...
Chapter 8 The Special Senses
Chapter 8 The Special Senses

... C. Age-related dysfunctions of the eye 6. Age-related macular degeneration a. Disease of the macula lutea (100% cone cells) b. Loss of central vision (acuity and color) -- the opposite of tunnel vision c. ...
Retrobulbar Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Retrobulbar Hemorrhage: A Case Report

... Retrobulbar hemorrhage is a rare complication that may occur after mid-face injuries or following soft and hard tissue surgery around the eyes. The cardinal signs and symptoms of retrobulbar hemorrhage are pain, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, a progression of increasing proptosis, and decreasing visual ...
The Eye - Downey Unified School District
The Eye - Downey Unified School District

... Convergence: axons originating from different parts of the nervous system leading to the same neuron. ...
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Mitochondrial optic neuropathies

Mitohondrial optic neuropathies are a heterogenous group of disorders that present with visual disturbances resultant from mitochondrial dysfunction within the anatomy of the Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGC), optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract. These disturbances are multifactorial, their etiology consisting of metabolic and/or structural damage as a consequence of genetic mutations, environmental stressors, or both. The three most common neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities seen in mitochondrial disorders are bilateral optic neuropathy, ophthalmoplegia with ptosis, and pigmentary retinopathy.
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