galaxia 17.indd - Revistas Eletrônicas da PUC-SP
... qualitative possibility” (Peirce, 1.25). Thirdness, in turn, is the category of regularity in experience, of general principles or laws. “The experience of Thirdness is thus awareness of a teleological element in our own actions and in the natural world. Actuality, the course of natural events, tend ...
... qualitative possibility” (Peirce, 1.25). Thirdness, in turn, is the category of regularity in experience, of general principles or laws. “The experience of Thirdness is thus awareness of a teleological element in our own actions and in the natural world. Actuality, the course of natural events, tend ...
Kripke, A Priori Knowledge, Necessity and Contingency
... 1. The King said (at some point), “Stick S at t (that one over there, right now) is one meter long”. 2. “Stick S is one meter long” is true. Claim One: the truth of (2) is known a priori. Think about this claim. How is its truth fixed? Note, and remember here, that the stick itself is the fiat deter ...
... 1. The King said (at some point), “Stick S at t (that one over there, right now) is one meter long”. 2. “Stick S is one meter long” is true. Claim One: the truth of (2) is known a priori. Think about this claim. How is its truth fixed? Note, and remember here, that the stick itself is the fiat deter ...
NROAbstract5
... For a number of years Mindtel has envisioned a technology for accessing and representing data contained within electronic data storage systems in new ways. The majority of information an intelligence3 user would need to get at is stored in databases. These databases are often located in geographical ...
... For a number of years Mindtel has envisioned a technology for accessing and representing data contained within electronic data storage systems in new ways. The majority of information an intelligence3 user would need to get at is stored in databases. These databases are often located in geographical ...
consciousness of self, of time and of death in greek philosophy
... death. If we take Socrates as exemplifying philosophy, then we can say that the text shows the relation between philosophy and death, or rather shows how the true philosopher relates to death. Socrates describes philosophy as the “practice of death” (μελέτη θανάτου, 64a6-9; 81a1-2). But by this he m ...
... death. If we take Socrates as exemplifying philosophy, then we can say that the text shows the relation between philosophy and death, or rather shows how the true philosopher relates to death. Socrates describes philosophy as the “practice of death” (μελέτη θανάτου, 64a6-9; 81a1-2). But by this he m ...
Philosophy as an Art of Living
... exclusively outward for out engagement with the external world.” However, he argues that although everyday actions ought to proceed without thought “until they prove problematic in experience,” when this happens, “the unreflective action or habit must be brought into conscious critical ...
... exclusively outward for out engagement with the external world.” However, he argues that although everyday actions ought to proceed without thought “until they prove problematic in experience,” when this happens, “the unreflective action or habit must be brought into conscious critical ...
Chapter 10 - Non-verbal Information and Artistic Expression in the
... are based on a theory of mind, i.e. the notion that the communicator believes those who are their audience have a mind similar to their own and hence will comprehend their communication whether that is verbal or artistic. Those who study the origin of language consider the human capability of a theo ...
... are based on a theory of mind, i.e. the notion that the communicator believes those who are their audience have a mind similar to their own and hence will comprehend their communication whether that is verbal or artistic. Those who study the origin of language consider the human capability of a theo ...
What should we make of Wittgenstein`s paradoxical claim at the end
... may be a contingent fact. Rather it asserts that the nature of causation is that there is a necessary connection. It is by no means clear what simples would form the building blocks of such a state of affairs. Furthermore if it were true it would presumably be true in all possible worlds (and likew ...
... may be a contingent fact. Rather it asserts that the nature of causation is that there is a necessary connection. It is by no means clear what simples would form the building blocks of such a state of affairs. Furthermore if it were true it would presumably be true in all possible worlds (and likew ...
Good, Self, and Unselfing - Reflections on Iris Murdoch`s Moral
... short, evaluate. As so often in her philosophy, Murdoch here takes art as an example. Learning to understand some art form means learning to evaluate its objects according to degrees of excellence. This activity also reveals that there is “little that is very good and nothing that is perfect”. (S, 6 ...
... short, evaluate. As so often in her philosophy, Murdoch here takes art as an example. Learning to understand some art form means learning to evaluate its objects according to degrees of excellence. This activity also reveals that there is “little that is very good and nothing that is perfect”. (S, 6 ...
Reasons and Beliefs
... Is OO compelling? Premises 2 and 3 appear to be convincing, and the same can be said with respect to premise 8 - at least for the sake of the present discussion.7 Therefore, it seems that OO can only be avoided by Dancy by giving up either his practical realism by, e.g., dropping statism (premise 5 ...
... Is OO compelling? Premises 2 and 3 appear to be convincing, and the same can be said with respect to premise 8 - at least for the sake of the present discussion.7 Therefore, it seems that OO can only be avoided by Dancy by giving up either his practical realism by, e.g., dropping statism (premise 5 ...
The Environment and Its Ontological Status
... to never trust science because of its unavoidable contextual character—we can pragmatically say that science, even if dependent on contingent and contextual interests and values (as all humans activities are), can give us objective results (or ‘truths’) to the extent that such truths are of producti ...
... to never trust science because of its unavoidable contextual character—we can pragmatically say that science, even if dependent on contingent and contextual interests and values (as all humans activities are), can give us objective results (or ‘truths’) to the extent that such truths are of producti ...
saying and showing the good
... can only be shown provides a welcome alternative to the stark choice between contemporary realism and antirealism.1 It concerns what he thought was “the cardinal problem of philosophy.” Tough-minded philosophers often ask, “What are those things that can only be shown?” But their question misses the ...
... can only be shown provides a welcome alternative to the stark choice between contemporary realism and antirealism.1 It concerns what he thought was “the cardinal problem of philosophy.” Tough-minded philosophers often ask, “What are those things that can only be shown?” But their question misses the ...
Rene Descartes
... operative here and in his other writings depends on a strict relation between knowing and certainty. If one genuinely knows some proposition, there is no room at all for doubt. Knowing requires certainty. So while the sceptical arguments of the first meditation might seem unpersuasive to one in a ca ...
... operative here and in his other writings depends on a strict relation between knowing and certainty. If one genuinely knows some proposition, there is no room at all for doubt. Knowing requires certainty. So while the sceptical arguments of the first meditation might seem unpersuasive to one in a ca ...
Ionian Philosophers
... to a step in the series of which our understanding is not sufficiently well able to have an intuitive cognition, we must stop short there.” 5. Descartes’ method was Rationalistic basing its knowledge on the processes of the mind apart from the senses (Empiricism), which he believed could only confus ...
... to a step in the series of which our understanding is not sufficiently well able to have an intuitive cognition, we must stop short there.” 5. Descartes’ method was Rationalistic basing its knowledge on the processes of the mind apart from the senses (Empiricism), which he believed could only confus ...
Kevin Dumas - the IDeA Lab!
... really help you run away from that lion? Will knowing what the meaning of life is really make you more reproductively successful? With that said, it is not hard to see why humans are not answering philosophical questions as fast as they are scientific questions. It is here (at least for now) that c ...
... really help you run away from that lion? Will knowing what the meaning of life is really make you more reproductively successful? With that said, it is not hard to see why humans are not answering philosophical questions as fast as they are scientific questions. It is here (at least for now) that c ...
The Given - Tim Crane
... when they perceive a pig. It is unfortunate perhaps that the same name has been given to both relations; but once the distinction is made, confusion should evaporate. Having said that the content of experience is propositional, the next question that typically arises is what the nature of these pro ...
... when they perceive a pig. It is unfortunate perhaps that the same name has been given to both relations; but once the distinction is made, confusion should evaporate. Having said that the content of experience is propositional, the next question that typically arises is what the nature of these pro ...
The Hollow of Being. What can we learn from Maurice Merleau
... e author distinguishes between what he calls the “easy problems of consciousness” and the “hard problem of consciousness”. e former are concerned with the explanation of certain phenomena commonly associated with consciousness, for instance the discrimination of stimuli, the integration of informa ...
... e author distinguishes between what he calls the “easy problems of consciousness” and the “hard problem of consciousness”. e former are concerned with the explanation of certain phenomena commonly associated with consciousness, for instance the discrimination of stimuli, the integration of informa ...
neuro-ontological interpretation of spiritual experiences
... There is no such thing as monotonous, infinite progression and regression with endless hierarchies, larger and larger supersystems on the way up, or smaller and smaller elementary particles on the way down. Quantum physicists have already stumbled onto the problem of conscious observer, and were abl ...
... There is no such thing as monotonous, infinite progression and regression with endless hierarchies, larger and larger supersystems on the way up, or smaller and smaller elementary particles on the way down. Quantum physicists have already stumbled onto the problem of conscious observer, and were abl ...
The Meaning of Vijñapti in Vasubandhu`s Concept of Mind
... be entirely vijnapti, since consciousness is, by definition, selfmanifesting.] Instead, avijnapti-rupa is used to explain karmic continuity in certain contexts. A "manifest" vocal or bodily act is karmic, in the sense of ethically significant, because of its dependence on volition. But, since it is ...
... be entirely vijnapti, since consciousness is, by definition, selfmanifesting.] Instead, avijnapti-rupa is used to explain karmic continuity in certain contexts. A "manifest" vocal or bodily act is karmic, in the sense of ethically significant, because of its dependence on volition. But, since it is ...
A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy
... anything. A bowling ball is different from a laptop computer, so either could be the cause of the other if all that is required is that effect be different from cause. If one says that an effect is both identical to and different from its cause, one is speaking nonsense, since identity and differenc ...
... anything. A bowling ball is different from a laptop computer, so either could be the cause of the other if all that is required is that effect be different from cause. If one says that an effect is both identical to and different from its cause, one is speaking nonsense, since identity and differenc ...
The Many Problems of Representation
... or even whether it is a representation (a position called irrealism). It is sometimes useful for an observer to view a system as an intentional one; in that way the observer takes an intentional stance. For example, I might say ‘my computer is thinking about the problem’, ‘my car wants to stop now’, ...
... or even whether it is a representation (a position called irrealism). It is sometimes useful for an observer to view a system as an intentional one; in that way the observer takes an intentional stance. For example, I might say ‘my computer is thinking about the problem’, ‘my car wants to stop now’, ...
8th FY Khoo Memorial Lecture 2012—Why Radiologists Need
... Unfortunately, beliefs are the lowest currency of knowledge. A belief is not a fact, nor is it knowledge. It is a psychological state of mind, where we hold something to be true. Anyone can believe anything, even what is patently false or impossible to others. So, how do we know that a belief is tru ...
... Unfortunately, beliefs are the lowest currency of knowledge. A belief is not a fact, nor is it knowledge. It is a psychological state of mind, where we hold something to be true. Anyone can believe anything, even what is patently false or impossible to others. So, how do we know that a belief is tru ...
Edith Stein: On the Problem of Empathy - Kris McDaniel`s
... Husserl’s Logical Investigations, although as many of these students also did, she could not follow Husserl when his philosophical explorations led him to embrace a kind of transcendental idealism. 15 Neither the skeptical empiricism of Hume nor the idealism of Kant is embraced by Husserl in the Lo ...
... Husserl’s Logical Investigations, although as many of these students also did, she could not follow Husserl when his philosophical explorations led him to embrace a kind of transcendental idealism. 15 Neither the skeptical empiricism of Hume nor the idealism of Kant is embraced by Husserl in the Lo ...
EXPERIENCE AND PERCEPTUAL BELIEF
... Susan Haack discussed the Ayer-Popper exchange. She describes Popper’s reply to Ayer as “completely unconvincing” because it is “flatly inconsistent” with his earlier position. She concludes “Ayer clearly wins this round” (Haack, 1993: 100). But Haack, like Ayer and Currie, tacitly accepts justific ...
... Susan Haack discussed the Ayer-Popper exchange. She describes Popper’s reply to Ayer as “completely unconvincing” because it is “flatly inconsistent” with his earlier position. She concludes “Ayer clearly wins this round” (Haack, 1993: 100). But Haack, like Ayer and Currie, tacitly accepts justific ...
Hinduism
... In the beginning there was neither existence nor non-existence. Neither the world nor sky beyond. What stirred? Where? Who protected it? Was there water, deep and unfathomable? ...
... In the beginning there was neither existence nor non-existence. Neither the world nor sky beyond. What stirred? Where? Who protected it? Was there water, deep and unfathomable? ...
Direct and indirect realism
The question of direct or ""naïve"" realism, as opposed to indirect or ""representational"" realism, arises in the philosophy of perception and of mind out of the debate over the nature of conscious experience; the epistemological question of whether the world we see around us is the real world itself or merely an internal perceptual copy of that world generated by neural processes in our brain. Naïve realism is known as direct realism when developed to counter indirect or representative realism, also known as epistemological dualism, the philosophical position that our conscious experience is not of the real world itself but of an internal representation, a miniature virtual-reality replica of the world. Indirect realism is broadly equivalent to the accepted view of perception in natural science that states that we do not and cannot perceive the external world as it really is but know only our ideas and interpretations of the way the world is. Representationalism is one of the key assumptions of cognitivism in psychology. The representational realist would deny that 'first-hand knowledge' is a coherent concept, since knowledge is always via some means. Our ideas of the world are interpretations of sensory input derived from an external world that is real (unlike the standpoint of idealism). The alternative, that we have knowledge of the outside world that is unconstrained by our sense organs and does not require interpretation, would appear to be inconsistent with everyday observation.