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4 – The Power BJT 3
4 – The Power BJT 3

... key points to deal extensively with bipolar power transistors. Switching losses occur at both turnon and turn-off and for high frequency operation the rising and falling times for voltage and current transitions play important role as indicated by Fig. 3.12. ...
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CIRCUIT IDEAS FOR DESIGNERS This current source can be built
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... to set drain voltage values of Q1 and Q2 as close to each other possible. Likewise, drain voltages of Q3 should be equal to that of Q4. If these voltages are significantly different from each other, then a cascode current source configuration should be considered. ...
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... for percutaneous stimulation during investigation of the electrical activity of nerve and muscle tissue. The output current is continuously variable over the range 0 to 100 milli-Amps, from a source voltage continuously variable from less than 100 Volts to 400 Volts, to meet the requirements of huma ...
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Current mirror

A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading. The current being 'copied' can be, and sometimes is, a varying signal current. Conceptually, an ideal current mirror is simply an ideal inverting current amplifier that reverses the current direction as well or it is a current-controlled current source (CCCS). The current mirror is used to provide bias currents and active loads to circuits. It can also be used to model a more realistic current source (since ideal current sources don't exist).The circuit topology covered here is one that appears in many monolithic ICs. It is a Widlar mirror without an emitter degeneration resistor in the follower (output) transistor. This topology can only be done in an IC as the matching has to be extremely close and cannot be achieved with discretes.Another topology is the Wilson mirror. The Wilson mirror solves the Early effect voltage problem in his design.
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