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AC-feedback electrostatic voltmeter measurements
AC-feedback electrostatic voltmeter measurements

... Rather than cancelling the Kelvin current I by use of a feedback DC voltage which follows the surface test voltage to produce zero electric field [4], the AC feedback method utilizes a nullifying current I 0 to zero the Kelvin current I. The current I 0 is produced by an internal generator circuit t ...
GTL2010 1. General description 10-bit bidirectional low voltage translator
GTL2010 1. General description 10-bit bidirectional low voltage translator

... in the ‘on’ state to about 15 mA. This will guarantee a pass voltage of 260 mV to 350 mV. If the current through the pass transistor is higher than 15 mA, the pass voltage will also be higher in the ‘on’ state. To set the current through each pass transistor at 15 mA, the pull-up resistor value is c ...
An Op Amp Tutorial - W. Marshall Leach, Jr.
An Op Amp Tutorial - W. Marshall Leach, Jr.

DAB One-chip Front End U2731B
DAB One-chip Front End U2731B

... oscillator to an on-chip crystal reference oscillator. This is achieved by means of a special phase-noise-shaping technique based on the fractional-N principle which is already used in Atmel's U2733B frequency synthesizer series. It concentrates the phase detector's phase-noise contribution to the s ...
AD811 - Ropla Elektronik Sp. z oo
AD811 - Ropla Elektronik Sp. z oo

Single-Electron Tunneling Devices
Single-Electron Tunneling Devices

... A SET transistor can be used to measure charge either in the normal state or in the superconducting state. Typically, the SET transistor is voltage biased at a point where there is a large modulation of the current as a function of the gate charge. The charge that is to be measured is coupled to the ...
MAX5930/MAX5931 Low-Voltage, Triple, Hot-Swap Controllers/ Power Sequencers/Voltage Trackers General Description
MAX5930/MAX5931 Low-Voltage, Triple, Hot-Swap Controllers/ Power Sequencers/Voltage Trackers General Description

... swap multiple supplies ranging from +1V to +13.2V, provided one supply is at or above +2.7V and only one supply is above 11V. The input voltage rails (channels) can be configured to sequentially turn-on/off, track each other, or have completely independent operation. ...
Wide Input Range Non-Synchronous Voltage Mode Controller (Rev
Wide Input Range Non-Synchronous Voltage Mode Controller (Rev

Presentation for Electronic system review
Presentation for Electronic system review

SA571 AN - Experimentalists Anonymous
SA571 AN - Experimentalists Anonymous

... The attack time is much faster than the decay, which is desirable in most applications. Figure 10 shows the compressor attack envelope for a +12dB step in input level. The initial output level of 1 unit instantaneously rises to 4 units, and then starts to fall towards its final value of 2 units. The ...
Virtual Ground Circuits
Virtual Ground Circuits

AD8380 (REV. B) - Obsolete
AD8380 (REV. B) - Obsolete

C7802 Ohms Law 2005_newer
C7802 Ohms Law 2005_newer

... measured in Amps. The letter “I” is used to represent current. Voltage is the force or electric pressure that allows current flow. It is measured in volts. The letter “V” (or sometimes “E”) is used to represent voltage. Resistance is the opposition to current flow. It is measured in ohms (Ω). The le ...
DLVP-100-300-3000 Manual 403615 Rev C
DLVP-100-300-3000 Manual 403615 Rev C

Optocoupler, Phototransistor Output, with Base Connection, High
Optocoupler, Phototransistor Output, with Base Connection, High

... information provided herein to the maximum extent permitted by law. The product specifications do not expand or otherwise modify Vishay’s terms and conditions of purchase, including but not limited to the warranty expressed therein, which apply to these products. No license, express or implied, by e ...
RTR040N03
RTR040N03

... VGS=12V, VDS=0V ID= 1mA, VGS=0V VDS= 30V, VGS=0V VDS= 10V, ID= 1mA ID= 4.0A, VGS= 4.5V ID= 4.0A, VGS= 4.0V ID= 4.0A, VGS= 2.5V VDS= 10V, ID= 4.0A VDS= 10V VGS=0V ...
ES6U42
ES6U42

1.2 pwm technique - Academic Science,International Journal of
1.2 pwm technique - Academic Science,International Journal of

BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon Driving High Power LEDs at 700mA with LED Controller IC
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon Driving High Power LEDs at 700mA with LED Controller IC

... The PWM terminal on the PCB is an input for the pulse width modulated (PWM) signal to control the dimming of the LED string. The PWM signal’s logic high level should be at least 2.5 V or higher. For the default demo board circuit, a dimming frequency less than 300 Hz is recommended to maintain a 3 d ...
Unit 7 PowerPoint Slides
Unit 7 PowerPoint Slides

... In the chapter summary on page 200, the noninverting amplifier is drawn as shown below, using “bubble” symbols for vi and vo. ...
6-Channel Serial Interface Low-Side Driver
6-Channel Serial Interface Low-Side Driver

Application Note No. 099
Application Note No. 099

... For this application board ease of use and test has been the main consideration and therefore a SMA-connector was used for measuring the output power directly into a 50 Ω load instead of using a loop antenna to make fieldstrength measurements. However, in the actual application the inductance L1 wil ...
OOOOHMM - Urbana School District 116
OOOOHMM - Urbana School District 116

+ R
+ R

... By definition, then, the staircases are in parallel. People will lose the same amount of potential energy taking either, and that energy is equal to the energy the acquired from the elevator. So the V drop across each resistor equals that of the battery. Since there are two paths, the sum of the cur ...
Chapter 5 Low-Noise Design Methodology
Chapter 5 Low-Noise Design Methodology

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Current mirror

A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading. The current being 'copied' can be, and sometimes is, a varying signal current. Conceptually, an ideal current mirror is simply an ideal inverting current amplifier that reverses the current direction as well or it is a current-controlled current source (CCCS). The current mirror is used to provide bias currents and active loads to circuits. It can also be used to model a more realistic current source (since ideal current sources don't exist).The circuit topology covered here is one that appears in many monolithic ICs. It is a Widlar mirror without an emitter degeneration resistor in the follower (output) transistor. This topology can only be done in an IC as the matching has to be extremely close and cannot be achieved with discretes.Another topology is the Wilson mirror. The Wilson mirror solves the Early effect voltage problem in his design.
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