Biology 4E03: Population Genetics Course Outline: Term II, 2010
... derivation of Fst, relation between Fst and gene flow (Nm), relation between Fst, H and Nm, measuring gene flow from Fst, distribution of Fst at loci and role of selection, gene flow between mainland and Island. Reading: Halliburton Chapter 9 Week 11: Molecular Evolution Cost of selection (1-W) and ...
... derivation of Fst, relation between Fst and gene flow (Nm), relation between Fst, H and Nm, measuring gene flow from Fst, distribution of Fst at loci and role of selection, gene flow between mainland and Island. Reading: Halliburton Chapter 9 Week 11: Molecular Evolution Cost of selection (1-W) and ...
Natural selection
... In large populations, genetic drift can influence frequencies of alleles that don’t affect survival and reproduction. If populations are reduced to a small number of individuals—a population bottleneck, genetic drift can reduce the genetic variation. ...
... In large populations, genetic drift can influence frequencies of alleles that don’t affect survival and reproduction. If populations are reduced to a small number of individuals—a population bottleneck, genetic drift can reduce the genetic variation. ...
Evidence from the gnarly New Zealand snails for and against the red
... displacement in stickleback fish (see overheads from 21 Nov. 06). 22. What in your view are the most general statements that can be made about speciation? How does speciation work? What kinds of organism- (or clade-) specific characteristics affect the rates of speciation and extinction? 23. What is ...
... displacement in stickleback fish (see overheads from 21 Nov. 06). 22. What in your view are the most general statements that can be made about speciation? How does speciation work? What kinds of organism- (or clade-) specific characteristics affect the rates of speciation and extinction? 23. What is ...
Role of mutator alleles in adaptive evolution
... Because most newly arising mutations are neutral or deleterious, it has been argued1–3 that the mutation rate has evolved to be as low as possible, limited only by the cost of error-avoidance and error-correction mechanisms. But up to one per cent of natural bacterial isolates are ‘mutator’ clones t ...
... Because most newly arising mutations are neutral or deleterious, it has been argued1–3 that the mutation rate has evolved to be as low as possible, limited only by the cost of error-avoidance and error-correction mechanisms. But up to one per cent of natural bacterial isolates are ‘mutator’ clones t ...
chapter 1 - VU-DARE
... Zakon et al. 2006; Zhang 2006). Deleterious mutations are expected to be quickly eliminated by purifying selection, while slightly deleterious mutations are not quickly removed and could even be fixed due to random genetic drift. Adaptive changes may be caused by various mechanisms of gene evolution ...
... Zakon et al. 2006; Zhang 2006). Deleterious mutations are expected to be quickly eliminated by purifying selection, while slightly deleterious mutations are not quickly removed and could even be fixed due to random genetic drift. Adaptive changes may be caused by various mechanisms of gene evolution ...
The Development of Species
... Task 1 is designed to provide practice in the interpretation and construction of evolutionary trees. The activity offers the opportunity to consider how new evidence and different interpretations of evidence can result in different phylogenetic trees. In preparation for this task, students should ha ...
... Task 1 is designed to provide practice in the interpretation and construction of evolutionary trees. The activity offers the opportunity to consider how new evidence and different interpretations of evidence can result in different phylogenetic trees. In preparation for this task, students should ha ...
Chapter 13: The Five Forces Behind Human Evolution
... most agile, the longest-lived, and the most intelligent do not need to be the “fittest” in a reproductive sense. Fitness is defined solely and exclusively in terms of gene copies left to the subsequent generations. There is no mention of social values in this definition. A genotype that promotes lon ...
... most agile, the longest-lived, and the most intelligent do not need to be the “fittest” in a reproductive sense. Fitness is defined solely and exclusively in terms of gene copies left to the subsequent generations. There is no mention of social values in this definition. A genotype that promotes lon ...
6.5 Genetic engineering - science
... People have been doing a simple form of genetic engineering for thousands of years. This is called selective breeding. Selective breeding, or artificial selection, is a process where people try and improve plants and animals by selecting and breeding only those that have desirable characteristics. F ...
... People have been doing a simple form of genetic engineering for thousands of years. This is called selective breeding. Selective breeding, or artificial selection, is a process where people try and improve plants and animals by selecting and breeding only those that have desirable characteristics. F ...
The Roles of Environment in Evolution
... in the microflora frequency present round the organism etc. Thus it is obvious that environmental stresses are never simple. These stresses are also subject to constant change, so much so that the change which is required in response to the environment at a particular time may loose its importance b ...
... in the microflora frequency present round the organism etc. Thus it is obvious that environmental stresses are never simple. These stresses are also subject to constant change, so much so that the change which is required in response to the environment at a particular time may loose its importance b ...
document
... the program is invoked by typing codeml followed by the name of a control file that tells the program what to do. paml can be used to find the maximum likelihood tree, however, the program is rather slow. Phyml is a better choice to find the tree, which then can be used as a user tree. An example fo ...
... the program is invoked by typing codeml followed by the name of a control file that tells the program what to do. paml can be used to find the maximum likelihood tree, however, the program is rather slow. Phyml is a better choice to find the tree, which then can be used as a user tree. An example fo ...
Presentation
... In large populations, genetic drift can influence frequencies of alleles that don’t affect survival and reproduction. If populations are reduced to a small number of individuals—a population bottleneck, genetic drift can reduce the genetic variation. ...
... In large populations, genetic drift can influence frequencies of alleles that don’t affect survival and reproduction. If populations are reduced to a small number of individuals—a population bottleneck, genetic drift can reduce the genetic variation. ...
Combinations of Evolution & Learning in Artificial Adaptive Systems
... expressed. If the environment (problem) changes such that expression of the recessive gene is desirable, then aa’s will have a selective advantage and rise in frequency. – Without diploidy, we would have to wait for the proper mutation to create an a. – We get recessiveness for free in GP, since som ...
... expressed. If the environment (problem) changes such that expression of the recessive gene is desirable, then aa’s will have a selective advantage and rise in frequency. – Without diploidy, we would have to wait for the proper mutation to create an a. – We get recessiveness for free in GP, since som ...
MCB 371/372 - Gogarten Lab | UConn
... Aside #1: Population genetics approach: A selective sweep decreases the number of polymorphisms surrounding the gene that was driven into fixation due to positive selection. This provides an alternative to dN/dS ratios to detect genes under positive selection. ...
... Aside #1: Population genetics approach: A selective sweep decreases the number of polymorphisms surrounding the gene that was driven into fixation due to positive selection. This provides an alternative to dN/dS ratios to detect genes under positive selection. ...
Parallel Evolution of Adaptive Mutations in
... is also likely to occur when adaptation is conferred by simple genetic change like one SNP. However, in contrast with the evolution of pfmdr1 gene copy number in SE Asia, the evolution of APR alleles occurred in the situation where AP pressure on P. falciparum populations is not at a high level nor ...
... is also likely to occur when adaptation is conferred by simple genetic change like one SNP. However, in contrast with the evolution of pfmdr1 gene copy number in SE Asia, the evolution of APR alleles occurred in the situation where AP pressure on P. falciparum populations is not at a high level nor ...
Does Mother Nature Punish Rotten Kids?
... likely to separate in genetic recombination. Then genetic combination, hard-nosed mom, pliant lamb is likely to stick together and will eventually outperform soft mom, demanding ...
... likely to separate in genetic recombination. Then genetic combination, hard-nosed mom, pliant lamb is likely to stick together and will eventually outperform soft mom, demanding ...
S. cerevisiae
... Module = group of genes co-regulated by the same regulatory system * Evolution of individual gene targets * Evolution of activating signals * Wholesale evolution of the entire module Transcription factor sites occur upstream of totally different genes, ...
... Module = group of genes co-regulated by the same regulatory system * Evolution of individual gene targets * Evolution of activating signals * Wholesale evolution of the entire module Transcription factor sites occur upstream of totally different genes, ...
EVOLUTION (L567)
... Introduction, and some history (1) Population genetics I: Basic population genetics (2) Population genetics II (3) Quantitative genetics I (4) Quantitative genetics II (5) Phenotypic models I (6) Phenotypic models II (7) Conditional strategies, & Rock Paper Scissors (8) Sex-ratio evolution (9) Local ...
... Introduction, and some history (1) Population genetics I: Basic population genetics (2) Population genetics II (3) Quantitative genetics I (4) Quantitative genetics II (5) Phenotypic models I (6) Phenotypic models II (7) Conditional strategies, & Rock Paper Scissors (8) Sex-ratio evolution (9) Local ...
HCC Anthropology Lecture Chapter 1
... definitions this does not seem to be the case with Anthropology. B) Origins of Anthropology--it’s all in the definition 1. It could be argued that if Anthropology is the “study of culture” (whether one’s own or another’s) that as soon as “culture” developed people began to think about it and were, t ...
... definitions this does not seem to be the case with Anthropology. B) Origins of Anthropology--it’s all in the definition 1. It could be argued that if Anthropology is the “study of culture” (whether one’s own or another’s) that as soon as “culture” developed people began to think about it and were, t ...
Lecture 3 - Département de mathématiques et de statistique
... Fresh genetic variation is introduced in the population by mutation. It is only trough this force that a sustained walk in the phenotypic space can be performed Mutation is a rare phenomenon: typical rates being of the order of 10-6 per gene, per individual, per generation. Thus, for example, if a t ...
... Fresh genetic variation is introduced in the population by mutation. It is only trough this force that a sustained walk in the phenotypic space can be performed Mutation is a rare phenomenon: typical rates being of the order of 10-6 per gene, per individual, per generation. Thus, for example, if a t ...
HCCAnthPhysicallecture12011
... c) The resolution to this issue is that we should trust our senses because they are the only tools (they can be modified, but at a basic level) we have for viewing the world 1) it could be argued that an infinitely or almost infinitely occurring deception of the senses is a “fact” in a subjective se ...
... c) The resolution to this issue is that we should trust our senses because they are the only tools (they can be modified, but at a basic level) we have for viewing the world 1) it could be argued that an infinitely or almost infinitely occurring deception of the senses is a “fact” in a subjective se ...
Evidence from the gnarly New Zealand snails for and against the red
... 18.5. The Templeton paper (see web site) does not have an abstract. Write an abstract with no more than 300 words. 19. Describe the process of shifting balance. What are the three phases? What was the theory meant to explain? How does Wright’s shifting-balance view of evolution compare with Fisher’s ...
... 18.5. The Templeton paper (see web site) does not have an abstract. Write an abstract with no more than 300 words. 19. Describe the process of shifting balance. What are the three phases? What was the theory meant to explain? How does Wright’s shifting-balance view of evolution compare with Fisher’s ...
E6 altruisitc examples
... • behavior by an animal that is not beneficial or may be harmful to itself but that benefits others of its species • examples: birds, bats, bees ...
... • behavior by an animal that is not beneficial or may be harmful to itself but that benefits others of its species • examples: birds, bats, bees ...
The Learning Power of Evolution
... to the ideal f , or Perff (r, D) ≥ 1 − ² for some small ² > 0. An evolutionary algorithm is defined by a quadruple A = (R, Neigh, µ, t) where: • R is a set of representations of functions over X; • Neigh(r, ²) is a function that for r ∈ R, equals the neighborhood of r, that is, the set of representa ...
... to the ideal f , or Perff (r, D) ≥ 1 − ² for some small ² > 0. An evolutionary algorithm is defined by a quadruple A = (R, Neigh, µ, t) where: • R is a set of representations of functions over X; • Neigh(r, ²) is a function that for r ∈ R, equals the neighborhood of r, that is, the set of representa ...
Photoactivity of ternary lead-group IVB oxides for
... activity for hydrogen evolution was significantly lower. In the discussion which follows, we assume that methanol is oxidized and dihydrogen evolves from water when aqueous methanol solutions are irradiated, and that Ag + is reduced and oxygen evolves from water when aqueous silver nitrate solutions ...
... activity for hydrogen evolution was significantly lower. In the discussion which follows, we assume that methanol is oxidized and dihydrogen evolves from water when aqueous methanol solutions are irradiated, and that Ag + is reduced and oxygen evolves from water when aqueous silver nitrate solutions ...
On current utility and adaptive significance - synergy
... about evolution. Two of the objects of explanation are about the current trait, and two are about the sequences that result in the trait. This suggests a two-by-two table that illustrates how the questions are related (Table 1). When I started using a slide of this table in lectures at the turn of t ...
... about evolution. Two of the objects of explanation are about the current trait, and two are about the sequences that result in the trait. This suggests a two-by-two table that illustrates how the questions are related (Table 1). When I started using a slide of this table in lectures at the turn of t ...