Soil detritivore functioning in heterogeneously contaminated soils
... contamination which can have a direct negative effect on the functioning and behaviour of soil organisms and, by consequence, affect the functioning of soil ecosystems. The effect of a contaminant on organisms depends, among other things, on its bioavailability in the soil. The heterogeneous nature ...
... contamination which can have a direct negative effect on the functioning and behaviour of soil organisms and, by consequence, affect the functioning of soil ecosystems. The effect of a contaminant on organisms depends, among other things, on its bioavailability in the soil. The heterogeneous nature ...
Manure Management in the (Sub-)Tropics - Wageningen UR E
... N is contained in the organic matter, while the ammoniacal N is present as either ammonium (NH4+) or as free ammonia (NH3). Exposed to open air, NH4+ is transformed into gaseous NH3 that is usually lost into the ...
... N is contained in the organic matter, while the ammoniacal N is present as either ammonium (NH4+) or as free ammonia (NH3). Exposed to open air, NH4+ is transformed into gaseous NH3 that is usually lost into the ...
Ecological functions of earthworms in soil - Wageningen UR E
... activity, either through ingestion and gut passage (Drake and Horn 2007; Depkat-Jakob et al. 2010), or by mixing soil with organic matter and providing favourable microhabitats (Devliegher and Verstraete 1997; Parkin and Berry 1999; Aira et al. 2009). Comparisons between forests invaded by exotic ea ...
... activity, either through ingestion and gut passage (Drake and Horn 2007; Depkat-Jakob et al. 2010), or by mixing soil with organic matter and providing favourable microhabitats (Devliegher and Verstraete 1997; Parkin and Berry 1999; Aira et al. 2009). Comparisons between forests invaded by exotic ea ...
Native Bunchgrass and Invasive Weed Establishment in Low
... history and ecophysiological traits. If we concentrate on the outcome of competition between natives and invasives when site characteristics change, then species performance will determine how succession proceeds. When displacing native species, invasive species can alter ecosystem processes, degrad ...
... history and ecophysiological traits. If we concentrate on the outcome of competition between natives and invasives when site characteristics change, then species performance will determine how succession proceeds. When displacing native species, invasive species can alter ecosystem processes, degrad ...
Microbial mobilization and immobilization of soil nitrogen
... the high anthropogenic N input to forest ecosystems may cause N saturation (Aber, 1992). N saturation has been defined in a number of different ways but all include increases in N availability over time that results in the removal of N limitation on all biological processes in the ecosystem consider ...
... the high anthropogenic N input to forest ecosystems may cause N saturation (Aber, 1992). N saturation has been defined in a number of different ways but all include increases in N availability over time that results in the removal of N limitation on all biological processes in the ecosystem consider ...
Land Degradation - SAARC Agriculture Centre
... 1.00:0.33:0.17 compared with 1.00; 0.52:0.40 for the world. This trend obtained in early years of green revolution. In such system nitrogen is simply used as shovel to mine the soil for other nutrients. Long-term experiments in India show depletion of soil P and K are higher for plots with N fertili ...
... 1.00:0.33:0.17 compared with 1.00; 0.52:0.40 for the world. This trend obtained in early years of green revolution. In such system nitrogen is simply used as shovel to mine the soil for other nutrients. Long-term experiments in India show depletion of soil P and K are higher for plots with N fertili ...
Organic Regulation Toolkit for Governments
... Disinfect: To reduce, by physical or chemical means, the number of potentially harmful microorganisms in the environment, to a level that does not compromise product safety or suitability. Farm Unit: The total area of land under control of one farmer or a collective of farmers, including all the far ...
... Disinfect: To reduce, by physical or chemical means, the number of potentially harmful microorganisms in the environment, to a level that does not compromise product safety or suitability. Farm Unit: The total area of land under control of one farmer or a collective of farmers, including all the far ...
The dependence of root system properties on root system biomass... North American grassland species
... significantly with increasing total belowground biomass for A. gerardii, L. capitata and P. villosum, and the other 7 species had non-significant trends for increasing tissue density with increasing belowground biomass (average rate of increase = 0.00010 g root biomass cm−3 g−1 root biomass m−2 ). T ...
... significantly with increasing total belowground biomass for A. gerardii, L. capitata and P. villosum, and the other 7 species had non-significant trends for increasing tissue density with increasing belowground biomass (average rate of increase = 0.00010 g root biomass cm−3 g−1 root biomass m−2 ). T ...
A synthetic review of feedbacks and drivers of shrub encroachment
... may become increasingly concentrated on the remaining grasses, resulting in the collapse of grass cover and leaving shrubs as the dominant vegetation (van de Koppel et al., 2002). However, livestock will often consume and transport viable shrub seeds (Archer 1989, Brown and Archer 1999, Fredrickson ...
... may become increasingly concentrated on the remaining grasses, resulting in the collapse of grass cover and leaving shrubs as the dominant vegetation (van de Koppel et al., 2002). However, livestock will often consume and transport viable shrub seeds (Archer 1989, Brown and Archer 1999, Fredrickson ...
4 . crop production
... Scope of the IFOAM Standard Organic agriculture [also known as “Biological” or “Ecological” agriculture or protected equivalent terms (in other languages)] is a whole system approach based upon a set of processes resulting in a sustainable ecosystem, safe food, good nutrition, animal welfare and soc ...
... Scope of the IFOAM Standard Organic agriculture [also known as “Biological” or “Ecological” agriculture or protected equivalent terms (in other languages)] is a whole system approach based upon a set of processes resulting in a sustainable ecosystem, safe food, good nutrition, animal welfare and soc ...
cleaned
... Scope of the IFOAM Standard Organic agriculture [also known as “Biological” or “Ecological” agriculture or protected equivalent terms (in other languages)] is a whole system approach based upon a set of processes resulting in a sustainable ecosystem, safe food, good nutrition, animal welfare and soc ...
... Scope of the IFOAM Standard Organic agriculture [also known as “Biological” or “Ecological” agriculture or protected equivalent terms (in other languages)] is a whole system approach based upon a set of processes resulting in a sustainable ecosystem, safe food, good nutrition, animal welfare and soc ...
Revisiting agro-ecological sub-regions of India – a
... under rainfed situation holds promise in increasing the productivity. Even under irrigated agriculture, the frontline demonstration results have shown a large gap between farmers’ and realized yields. Scientific management of natural resources can fill this gap3. The problem is aggravated by climati ...
... under rainfed situation holds promise in increasing the productivity. Even under irrigated agriculture, the frontline demonstration results have shown a large gap between farmers’ and realized yields. Scientific management of natural resources can fill this gap3. The problem is aggravated by climati ...
Field Handbook for Saskatchewan Soils
... no ferric, lithic, or hydric substratum is present. Otherwise the dominant kind of organic material in this and the surface tier establishes the great group classification. The nature of the subdominant organic material in the middle or bottom tier assists in establishing the subgroup classification ...
... no ferric, lithic, or hydric substratum is present. Otherwise the dominant kind of organic material in this and the surface tier establishes the great group classification. The nature of the subdominant organic material in the middle or bottom tier assists in establishing the subgroup classification ...
Morphologic evidence of lamellae forming directly from
... The notion that clay within thin strata can be pedogenically translocated and deposited at depth is not entirely new. Robinson and Rich Ž 1960. suggested that, in the upper part of some profiles small, elongate, clay-rich nodules provide evidence for the destruction of preexisting, geological clay b ...
... The notion that clay within thin strata can be pedogenically translocated and deposited at depth is not entirely new. Robinson and Rich Ž 1960. suggested that, in the upper part of some profiles small, elongate, clay-rich nodules provide evidence for the destruction of preexisting, geological clay b ...
Optimizing Crop N Use Efficiency Using a Variable Source N
... Center in the claypan region of northeast Missouri has shown that soil water content can increase by as much as 22% after a rainfall event from a summit to footslope position with only 1 m difference in elevation (unpublished data). Use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers in low-lying landscape posit ...
... Center in the claypan region of northeast Missouri has shown that soil water content can increase by as much as 22% after a rainfall event from a summit to footslope position with only 1 m difference in elevation (unpublished data). Use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers in low-lying landscape posit ...
Impacts of Urban Prairie Dogs on Soils in Boulder
... species in arid regions. These minor changes could also alter the ecosystem services that these arid regions provide (Archer & Predick, 2008). Current prediction models for climate change’s impacts on the arid Southwest consist of warmer temperatures, a smaller number of frost events, an increased f ...
... species in arid regions. These minor changes could also alter the ecosystem services that these arid regions provide (Archer & Predick, 2008). Current prediction models for climate change’s impacts on the arid Southwest consist of warmer temperatures, a smaller number of frost events, an increased f ...
Predicting soil water repellency using hydrophobic organic
... in sandy soils and to understand and link the SWR markers to their origin, i.e. the vegetation type (leaf or root). We therefore use sandy soils under different vegetation types similar to our previous study (Mao et al., 2014), which the soils contain more than 100 different SWR markers. Sandy soils ...
... in sandy soils and to understand and link the SWR markers to their origin, i.e. the vegetation type (leaf or root). We therefore use sandy soils under different vegetation types similar to our previous study (Mao et al., 2014), which the soils contain more than 100 different SWR markers. Sandy soils ...
dasar ilmu tanah
... 1. Most are DECOMPOSERS That consume simple carbon compounds, such as root exudates and fresh plant litter. By this process, bacteria convert energy in soil organic matter into forms useful to the rest of the organisms in the soil food web. A number of decomposers can break down pesticides and pollu ...
... 1. Most are DECOMPOSERS That consume simple carbon compounds, such as root exudates and fresh plant litter. By this process, bacteria convert energy in soil organic matter into forms useful to the rest of the organisms in the soil food web. A number of decomposers can break down pesticides and pollu ...
Soil macrofauna field manual – technical level
... (Lavelle and Spain, 2001). Many systems of agricultural management are not sustainable in the longer term because of the pressures they place on the soil. Production levels may frequently be set on the basis of economic goals rather than the capacity of the soil to withstand particular stresses. Con ...
... (Lavelle and Spain, 2001). Many systems of agricultural management are not sustainable in the longer term because of the pressures they place on the soil. Production levels may frequently be set on the basis of economic goals rather than the capacity of the soil to withstand particular stresses. Con ...
Organic Production Systems Guidelines
... Market Potential for Clean and Organic Agricultural Products”, as target products for priority development by the Australian organic industry. The products are wheat, beef, citrus, wine and carrots. The information presented aims to provide conventional growers, unfamiliar with organic farming and c ...
... Market Potential for Clean and Organic Agricultural Products”, as target products for priority development by the Australian organic industry. The products are wheat, beef, citrus, wine and carrots. The information presented aims to provide conventional growers, unfamiliar with organic farming and c ...
Reduced Tillage Systems for Heavy Coastal Clay Soils
... high clay contents, are difficult to cultivate and require several passes of the implement to produce a suitable seed bed. In addition, a significant proportion of these soils have swelling and high water retention properties, which can further curtail land preparation activities and extend the re-e ...
... high clay contents, are difficult to cultivate and require several passes of the implement to produce a suitable seed bed. In addition, a significant proportion of these soils have swelling and high water retention properties, which can further curtail land preparation activities and extend the re-e ...
绵羊口液对羊草(Leymus chinensis)再生生长的作用 及其生理机制
... Positive and negative effects have been found Moderate input of litter may reduce dominance and increase diversity ...
... Positive and negative effects have been found Moderate input of litter may reduce dominance and increase diversity ...
The impact of nitrogen deposition on acid grasslands in the Atlantic
... Pearson and Stewart, 1993; Sheppard and Leith, 2002). Concentrations of ammonia high enough to cause direct toxicity are quite rare in Europe and generally only occur in the immediate vicinity of point sources. However, at lower levels, the effects of N deposition on vegetation can still be observed ...
... Pearson and Stewart, 1993; Sheppard and Leith, 2002). Concentrations of ammonia high enough to cause direct toxicity are quite rare in Europe and generally only occur in the immediate vicinity of point sources. However, at lower levels, the effects of N deposition on vegetation can still be observed ...
Growing Garlic
... SOIL PREPARATION: Deep till or spade beds, working in well-composted manure in the summer before planting. Rotate your crops and do not plan on planting garlic or any member of the onion family in the same areas three years in a row. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, loose ground. Garlic does no ...
... SOIL PREPARATION: Deep till or spade beds, working in well-composted manure in the summer before planting. Rotate your crops and do not plan on planting garlic or any member of the onion family in the same areas three years in a row. Soil should be well-drained, fertile, loose ground. Garlic does no ...
BIODIVERSITY AND LITTER DECOMPOSITION IN
... organic matter turnover, particularly the large groups of bacteria and fungi. Recycling of carbon and nutrients during decomposition is a fundamentally important ecosystem process (Swift et al. 1979, Cadish & Giller 1997) that has major control over the carbon cycle, nutrient availability, and, cons ...
... organic matter turnover, particularly the large groups of bacteria and fungi. Recycling of carbon and nutrients during decomposition is a fundamentally important ecosystem process (Swift et al. 1979, Cadish & Giller 1997) that has major control over the carbon cycle, nutrient availability, and, cons ...
Crop rotation
Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar/different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons.It also helps in reducing soil erosion and increases soil fertility and crop yield. Crop rotation gives various nutrients to the soil. A traditional element of crop rotation is the replenishment of nitrogen through the use of green manure in sequence with cereals and other crops. Crop rotation also mitigates the build-up of pathogens and pests that often occurs when one species is continuously cropped, and can also improve soil structure and fertility by alternating deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants.Crop rotation is one component of polyculture.