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20 electric current, resistance, and ohm`s law
20 electric current, resistance, and ohm`s law

... nerve cells. A Van de Graaff generator used for nuclear research can produce a current of pure positive charges, such as protons. Figure 20.4 illustrates the movement of charged particles that compose a current. The fact that conventional current is taken to be in the direction that positive charge ...
Evaluates:  MAX3645 MAX3645 Evaluation Kit _______________ General Description
Evaluates: MAX3645 MAX3645 Evaluation Kit _______________ General Description

... The outputs of the MAX3645 are PECL compatible and any standard DC or AC termination can be used. Figure 1 illustrates typical DC and AC terminations. When the data outputs are AC-coupled a shunt can be put on JU4 to short VEE to ground. Otherwise JU4 should be left open. To avoid overloading the os ...
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety

“Positive Only” Gate Drive IGBTs Created by Cres Minimization
“Positive Only” Gate Drive IGBTs Created by Cres Minimization

... also makes it difficult to use high voltage IC drivers because the ICs are designed to operate at ground reference – the same as the control circuitry. Thus it would be desirable to develop an IGBT that has high dv/dt capability when “positive only” gate drive is used. Such a device has been develop ...
Incandescent Lamp Application Information
Incandescent Lamp Application Information

- Pcpolytechnic
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SCM400
SCM400

... A micro-controller is a ‘computer-on-a-chip’. It’s an integrated circuit that contains memory, logic, processing, and input/output circuitry. Micro-controllers are programmed with specific instructions to control many different devices. Once programmed the micro-controller is built into a product to ...
Single Transistor Crystal Oscillator Circuits
Single Transistor Crystal Oscillator Circuits

... SINGLE TRANSISTOR CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS The majority of modern crystal oscillator circuits fall into one of two design categories, the Colpitts / Clapp oscillator and the Pierce oscillator. There are other types of single transistor oscillators ( Hartley and Butler for example ), but their use ...


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RF3283 DUAL-BAND GSM900/DCS1800 TRANSMIT MODULE Features
RF3283 DUAL-BAND GSM900/DCS1800 TRANSMIT MODULE Features

... filtering, band selectivity, and TX/RX switching. The TXM is self-contained, with 50Ω I/O terminals with two RX ports allowing true dual-band operation. The power control function eliminates all power control circuitry, including directional couplers, diode detectors, and power control ASIC’s, etc. ...
4QD Controllers - Selection guide
4QD Controllers - Selection guide

RMS6061ED58E8W-1333
RMS6061ED58E8W-1333

... 1. Under all conditions VDDQ must be less than or equal to VDD. 2. VDDQ tracks with VDD. AC parameters are measured with VDD and VDDQ tied together. 3. The AC peak noise on Vref may not allow Vref to deviate from Vref(DC) by more than ±1% VDD (for reference: approx ±15 mV). 4. For reference: approx. ...
Overcurrent Protection
Overcurrent Protection

... the ampacity of a conductor. It may result from overload, short circuit, or ground fault (Article 100-definitions). Current flow in a conductor always generates heat. The greater the current flow, the hotter the conductor. Excess heat is damaging to electrical components. For that reason, conductors ...
Tape Wound Cores Overview
Tape Wound Cores Overview

... Tape wound cores are made from thin strips of high permeability nickel-iron alloys such as; Orthonol®, Square Permalloy 80, Supermalloy and Alloy 48, or grain oriented silicon iron known as Magnesil®. Materials are produced in thicknesses from 0.0005” through 0.004”, for a wide range of frequency ap ...
Response-Based, Feedforward Wide-Area Control
Response-Based, Feedforward Wide-Area Control

... More sophisticated wide-area control is now possible based on developments such as digital transducers and signal processing, fiber optic communications, and easy to program real-time control computers [3,11]. High accuracy, ...
Chamber&FETest2 - Indico
Chamber&FETest2 - Indico

... Depending on its type, chamber capacitance can vary from roughly 40pF to 250pF and signal can be read from anode and/or cathode connections. Due to the later requirement, CARIOCA has been developed to process both polarities by implementing 2 different pre-amplifiers at the very ASD input stage. The ...
ITG-IO™ User Documentation
ITG-IO™ User Documentation

... negative (or ground) terminal to the relevant output pin on the ITG-IO. Enabling that output will enable the circuit, and therefore the device. Decoupling with FETs enables the only limitation on the current draw to be from the power supply itself (the FETs used have maximum ratings of 1.6 amps cont ...
Dressing Test for the LHCb Muon MWP Chambers
Dressing Test for the LHCb Muon MWP Chambers

... Depending on its type, chamber capacitance can vary from roughly 40pF to 250pF and signal can be read from anode and/or cathode connections. Due to the later requirement, CARIOCA has been developed to process both polarities by implementing 2 different pre-amplifiers at the very ASD input stage. The ...
Freescale Energy-Efficient Solutions
Freescale Energy-Efficient Solutions

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module - Autonerdz

... • The scan tool supplies the bias to the module on the Tx circuit – The module pulls the voltage low to transmit data to the scan tool ...
a new static synchronous series compensator for real power control
a new static synchronous series compensator for real power control

Principles of Electronic Communication Systems
Principles of Electronic Communication Systems

...  DSOs use high-speed sampling or A/D techniques to convert the signal to be measured into a series of digital words that are stored in an internal memory.  DSOs are very popular for high-frequency measurements because they provide the means to display signals with frequencies up to about 30 GHz. ...
full abstracts in word format
full abstracts in word format

... Microelectromechanical systems or MEMS are integrated micro devices or systems combining electrical and mechanical components .they are fabricated using integrated circuit(IC) batch processing techniques and can range in size from micrometers to millimeters. These systems can sense control and actua ...
Vanadium Oxides for Energy and Security
Vanadium Oxides for Energy and Security

... small electric current at low dc potentials, well within a few volts [35]. An electrochromic device mainly consists of a configuration of three layers, each with less than one micrometer thick, positioned on a substrate or between two substrates: an ion storage film, an ion conductor (electrolyte) a ...
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Opto-isolator



In electronics, an opto-isolator, also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator, is a component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light. Opto-isolators prevent high voltages from affecting the system receiving the signal. Commercially available opto-isolators withstand input-to-output voltages up to 10 kV and voltage transients with speeds up to 10 kV/μs.A common type of opto-isolator consists of an LED and a phototransistor in the same opaque package. Other types of source-sensor combinations include LED-photodiode, LED-LASCR, and lamp-photoresistor pairs. Usually opto-isolators transfer digital (on-off) signals, but some techniques allow them to be used with analog signals.
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