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Chapter 14 – Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And
Chapter 14 – Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And

... Therefore, the number of electrons is approximately 4.99 × 1022 and the number of holes is about 4.51 × 109. Since the number of electrons is more than the number of holes, the material is an n-type semiconductor. Question 14.13: In an intrinsic semiconductor the energy gap Egis 1.2 eV. Its hole mob ...
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... be a complete circuit with no gaps • A gap is usually provided by an electric switch that can be opened or closed to either cut off or allow electron flow • In Series – applied to portions of an electric circuit that are connected in a row so that the current that goes through one must go through al ...
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... resistance in the conducting surfaces of the plates. Equivalent series resistance (ESR) is the term for this parasitic resistance. • Bleeder resistors are used to discharge stored energy in the filter capacitors when the power supply is turned off. You should wait long enough for the bleeder resisto ...
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... support device or system whose failure to perform can systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life the body, or (b) support or sustain life, or (c) whose support device or system, or to affect its safety or failure to perform when ...
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... As with any semiconductor device, whenever the condition exists for the input to exceed either supply voltage, attention needs to be paid to the input overvoltage characteristic. As an overvoltage occurs, the amplifier can be damaged, depending on the voltage level and the magnitude of the fault cur ...
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Opto-isolator



In electronics, an opto-isolator, also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator, is a component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light. Opto-isolators prevent high voltages from affecting the system receiving the signal. Commercially available opto-isolators withstand input-to-output voltages up to 10 kV and voltage transients with speeds up to 10 kV/μs.A common type of opto-isolator consists of an LED and a phototransistor in the same opaque package. Other types of source-sensor combinations include LED-photodiode, LED-LASCR, and lamp-photoresistor pairs. Usually opto-isolators transfer digital (on-off) signals, but some techniques allow them to be used with analog signals.
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