Reproduction numbers for infections with free
... environment (i.e. pathogen shedding and growth represent extensions of the host’s infectiousness to the environment). The latter corresponds to the appearance of secondary FLP in the environment generated by an infectious host or through the growth of pathogen in the environment. While the derived R ...
... environment (i.e. pathogen shedding and growth represent extensions of the host’s infectiousness to the environment). The latter corresponds to the appearance of secondary FLP in the environment generated by an infectious host or through the growth of pathogen in the environment. While the derived R ...
Virulence in malaria: an evolutionary viewpoint
... 3. PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI AS A MODEL FOR VIRULENCE EVOLUTION All Plasmodium species have an asexual haploid life stage that replicates rapidly in the red blood cells of their vertebrate host, thereby causing anaemia and other general pathology. These asexual stages occasionally produce sexual stages (g ...
... 3. PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI AS A MODEL FOR VIRULENCE EVOLUTION All Plasmodium species have an asexual haploid life stage that replicates rapidly in the red blood cells of their vertebrate host, thereby causing anaemia and other general pathology. These asexual stages occasionally produce sexual stages (g ...
Investigating temporal changes and effects of elevation on the
... infection has changed in 5 years. We also examined redbacked salamanders at seven other nearby sites that varied in elevation (670–1310 m) to ascertain if the pathogen shows any corresponding variation. We collected a total of 113 salamanders across the eight sites. We found no evidence that prevale ...
... infection has changed in 5 years. We also examined redbacked salamanders at seven other nearby sites that varied in elevation (670–1310 m) to ascertain if the pathogen shows any corresponding variation. We collected a total of 113 salamanders across the eight sites. We found no evidence that prevale ...
Infectious disease agents mediate interaction in food webs and
... through lower fecundity and castration. Some infectious agents can increase survival and growth rate, but reduce fecundity. An example is the fungus Atkinsonella hypoxylon, which infects ramets of the grass Danthonia spicata [38]. An example of castration is the previously described trematode C. bat ...
... through lower fecundity and castration. Some infectious agents can increase survival and growth rate, but reduce fecundity. An example is the fungus Atkinsonella hypoxylon, which infects ramets of the grass Danthonia spicata [38]. An example of castration is the previously described trematode C. bat ...
Parasitic Infections - Minnesota Department of Health
... The worldwide prevalence of parasitic infections is staggering. Over 1 billion persons worldwide are estimated to be carriers of Ascaris. Approximately 500 million people, or 7 percent of the world population, are infected with Entamoeba histolytica. At least 500 million carry Trichuris. At present, ...
... The worldwide prevalence of parasitic infections is staggering. Over 1 billion persons worldwide are estimated to be carriers of Ascaris. Approximately 500 million people, or 7 percent of the world population, are infected with Entamoeba histolytica. At least 500 million carry Trichuris. At present, ...
Trypanosoma cruzi in Opossum
... Florida began a project in 2001 to monitor the effects of mesomammalian predator removal on bobwhite quail reproduction. Valdosta State University became a research collaborator on the project in 2003. Predators were removed from Pebble Hill Plantation, Pinebloom Plantation and Tall Timbers Research ...
... Florida began a project in 2001 to monitor the effects of mesomammalian predator removal on bobwhite quail reproduction. Valdosta State University became a research collaborator on the project in 2003. Predators were removed from Pebble Hill Plantation, Pinebloom Plantation and Tall Timbers Research ...
Survival strategies of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of
... the insertion or deletion of DNA segments between ospE alleles. The evolution of antibody responses to several OspE variants was subsequently demonstrated [40]. Outer surface protein C (OspC) also has been shown to exhibit immunological heterogeneity. Analyses of the ospC sequences from different st ...
... the insertion or deletion of DNA segments between ospE alleles. The evolution of antibody responses to several OspE variants was subsequently demonstrated [40]. Outer surface protein C (OspC) also has been shown to exhibit immunological heterogeneity. Analyses of the ospC sequences from different st ...
major histocompatibility alleles associated with local
... initiate immune clearance (Janeway et al. 1999). Malaria parasites are found in hosts as gametocytes or sporozoites, which invade erythrocytes in the blood stream and other cells in different host tissues, so peptides produced by the degradation of malaria parasites are likely to be presented by MHC ...
... initiate immune clearance (Janeway et al. 1999). Malaria parasites are found in hosts as gametocytes or sporozoites, which invade erythrocytes in the blood stream and other cells in different host tissues, so peptides produced by the degradation of malaria parasites are likely to be presented by MHC ...
Effects of Host Diversity on Infectious Disease
... species are expected to vary in their susceptibility to, and ability to support replication of, specific pathogens. But differences between species are expected to be larger than those within a species. Both theoretical and empirical treatments of the effects of changes in species diversity on disea ...
... species are expected to vary in their susceptibility to, and ability to support replication of, specific pathogens. But differences between species are expected to be larger than those within a species. Both theoretical and empirical treatments of the effects of changes in species diversity on disea ...
The parasitic wasp Cotesia congregata uses multiple mechanisms
... polydnavirus (Lavine and Beckage, 1996; Adamo et al., 1997). On the other hand, if venom, polyndnavirus and teratocytes (cells derived from the hatching wasp larvae) are injected into a caterpillar without wasp larvae, the caterpillar continues to feed, becoming abnormally large because it is develo ...
... polydnavirus (Lavine and Beckage, 1996; Adamo et al., 1997). On the other hand, if venom, polyndnavirus and teratocytes (cells derived from the hatching wasp larvae) are injected into a caterpillar without wasp larvae, the caterpillar continues to feed, becoming abnormally large because it is develo ...
Temeyer 2016 tick salivary cholinesterase
... resulted in rapid tick paralysis at final equivalent concentrations of 1–10 mM, while lesser concentrations resulted in slowed movement and rapid onset of copious salivation. After 3 h, approximately 50% of ticks exposed at calculated internal concentrations of 1 mM acetylthiocholine exhibited norma ...
... resulted in rapid tick paralysis at final equivalent concentrations of 1–10 mM, while lesser concentrations resulted in slowed movement and rapid onset of copious salivation. After 3 h, approximately 50% of ticks exposed at calculated internal concentrations of 1 mM acetylthiocholine exhibited norma ...
Commentary Wolbachia John H. Werren
... A variety of symbiotic microorganisms are known that are predominantly or exclusively transmitted through host reproduction. Examples include Buchnera aphidicola, a nutritional bacterial symbiont of aphids (6), and Wolbachia, a group of intracellular rickettsia found in invertebrates (7). The expect ...
... A variety of symbiotic microorganisms are known that are predominantly or exclusively transmitted through host reproduction. Examples include Buchnera aphidicola, a nutritional bacterial symbiont of aphids (6), and Wolbachia, a group of intracellular rickettsia found in invertebrates (7). The expect ...
Published version - Queen Mary University of London
... the Pacific (southern California, “CA”; and Washington, “WA”) coasts. Cyanophage composition from each location was compared by characterizing the isolates both taxonomically using the sequence of a conserved marker gene (the g20 portal protein gene for Myoviridae; or the DNA polymerase gene for Pod ...
... the Pacific (southern California, “CA”; and Washington, “WA”) coasts. Cyanophage composition from each location was compared by characterizing the isolates both taxonomically using the sequence of a conserved marker gene (the g20 portal protein gene for Myoviridae; or the DNA polymerase gene for Pod ...
Localized Maternal Proteins in Xenopus
... Oocytes and eggs were fixed in methanol at room temperature or at 0207C overnight. Eggs were fixed between 0.66 and 0.75 of the first cell cycle. Samples were rehydrated in a methanol series and washed three times for 20 min each in PBS with 0.1% Tween 20 (PBS/T20). Samples were incubated overnight ...
... Oocytes and eggs were fixed in methanol at room temperature or at 0207C overnight. Eggs were fixed between 0.66 and 0.75 of the first cell cycle. Samples were rehydrated in a methanol series and washed three times for 20 min each in PBS with 0.1% Tween 20 (PBS/T20). Samples were incubated overnight ...
Andrew Kim 7790-7232 The Effects of FV3 Ranavirus on the
... that infection was found in 83% of his 33 sample ponds. (Hoverman et al. 2011) FV3 is capable of surviving outside of a host in an aquatic environment for extended periods of time and remains virulent during this time. (Blaustein et al. 2012) A bullfrog that is swimming in water contaminated by an ...
... that infection was found in 83% of his 33 sample ponds. (Hoverman et al. 2011) FV3 is capable of surviving outside of a host in an aquatic environment for extended periods of time and remains virulent during this time. (Blaustein et al. 2012) A bullfrog that is swimming in water contaminated by an ...
The Feasibility of Gamma Irradiation for
... Vaccination is historically the most effective way to control infectious disease such as malaria. Vaccines are designed to stimulate the immune system to protect against micro-organisms such as viruses or bacteria, by introducing a small amount of the virus or bacteria into the body. When this forei ...
... Vaccination is historically the most effective way to control infectious disease such as malaria. Vaccines are designed to stimulate the immune system to protect against micro-organisms such as viruses or bacteria, by introducing a small amount of the virus or bacteria into the body. When this forei ...
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma mansoni is a significant parasite of humans, a trematode that is one of the major agents of the disease schistosomiasis which is one type of helminthiasis, a neglected tropical disease. The schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is intestinal schistosomiasis.Schistosomes are atypical trematodes in that the adult stages have two sexes (dioecious) and are located in blood vessels of the definitive host. Most other trematodes are hermaphroditic and are found in the intestinal tract or in organs, such as the liver. The lifecycle of schistosomes includes two hosts: a definitive host (i.e. human) where the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction, and a single intermediate snail host where there are a number of asexual reproductive stages.S. mansoni is named after Sir Patrick Manson, who first identified it in Formosa (now Taiwan).