An Introduction to Cognitive Grammar RONALD
... Despite the diversity of contemporary linguistic theory, certain fundamental views enjoy a rough consensus and are widely accepted without serious question. Points of general agreement include the following: (a) language is a self-contained system amenable to algorithmic characterization, with suffi ...
... Despite the diversity of contemporary linguistic theory, certain fundamental views enjoy a rough consensus and are widely accepted without serious question. Points of general agreement include the following: (a) language is a self-contained system amenable to algorithmic characterization, with suffi ...
Discontinuous phrases in dependency grammar
... notation is needed). In the course of this paper we shall see numerous examples of words which have several heads, and also of dependency chains which form a loop (A depends on B .... which depends on A). The primary reason for allowing such structures has been factual: there was no way of defining ...
... notation is needed). In the course of this paper we shall see numerous examples of words which have several heads, and also of dependency chains which form a loop (A depends on B .... which depends on A). The primary reason for allowing such structures has been factual: there was no way of defining ...
On the Use and Meaning of Prepositions Clearly
... words used as Prepositions Substituted, as Objects of the Preposition, and as Words Modified. These 33 x 3 sets of words constituted the raw data of the sentencecomposition task. Free-Association Task. The Ss in the free association task were 82 Johns Hopkins University male undergraduates, all enro ...
... words used as Prepositions Substituted, as Objects of the Preposition, and as Words Modified. These 33 x 3 sets of words constituted the raw data of the sentencecomposition task. Free-Association Task. The Ss in the free association task were 82 Johns Hopkins University male undergraduates, all enro ...
ppt - Gene Ontology Consortium
... “interleukin binding” is_a “cytokine binding” inferred from: interleukin is_a cytokine ...
... “interleukin binding” is_a “cytokine binding” inferred from: interleukin is_a cytokine ...
Working paper Reference - Archive ouverte UNIGE
... based on Baker's theory of Incorporation. This approach is consistent with the locality of cliticization i.e., the choice of host. In severa! respects, however, it is insufficient. First, it fails to explain why Romance clitics, which are also presumably x<> categories, do not give rise to a consist ...
... based on Baker's theory of Incorporation. This approach is consistent with the locality of cliticization i.e., the choice of host. In severa! respects, however, it is insufficient. First, it fails to explain why Romance clitics, which are also presumably x<> categories, do not give rise to a consist ...
1 Introduction to the classic competence vs. performance divide
... structure of a well-formed sentence in a finite amount of steps (see Earley or CKY algorithms, Jurafsky and Martin 2009). The compatibility of G with many algorithms might be problematic since it might well be the case that for a given sentence s, different algorithms on G could take more or less ti ...
... structure of a well-formed sentence in a finite amount of steps (see Earley or CKY algorithms, Jurafsky and Martin 2009). The compatibility of G with many algorithms might be problematic since it might well be the case that for a given sentence s, different algorithms on G could take more or less ti ...
Clauses, Phrases, and their Effects on Writing
... Kinds of adjective clauses Adjective clauses are also known as relative clauses. Adjective clauses always begin with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, that, which). Adjective clauses can also begin with a relative adverb (when, where, why, how). Modifying the subject: Suzie, who was riding her b ...
... Kinds of adjective clauses Adjective clauses are also known as relative clauses. Adjective clauses always begin with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, that, which). Adjective clauses can also begin with a relative adverb (when, where, why, how). Modifying the subject: Suzie, who was riding her b ...
F. Plank, Morphology 1: 7. Boundaries 1
... (unconstrained), while morphological rules of construction are more or less productive (= more constrained in terms of form and/or meaning), and sometimes in morphology there are no construction rules at all. Example from syntax: The rule for combining attributive adjectives with nouns in German is ...
... (unconstrained), while morphological rules of construction are more or less productive (= more constrained in terms of form and/or meaning), and sometimes in morphology there are no construction rules at all. Example from syntax: The rule for combining attributive adjectives with nouns in German is ...
Remarks on the History of the Indo-European Infinitive
... Conversely, if if the (or case (or subject) subject) is is genitive, genitive, the the form form is is nominal. nominal. It It is is indeed indeed the the case that genitive genitive agent/patient agent/patient marking marking is is standard Standard with with action action nouns that nouns but when ...
... Conversely, if if the (or case (or subject) subject) is is genitive, genitive, the the form form is is nominal. nominal. It It is is indeed indeed the the case that genitive genitive agent/patient agent/patient marking marking is is standard Standard with with action action nouns that nouns but when ...
Nominalization in Yami*
... phrase. For example, dependent clauses (relative, complement and adverbial clauses) are used extensively to formally instantiate verb-based nominalization (Payne 1997). Comrie and Thompson (1985) found that some languages code their action nominals more like their noun phrases, while others code the ...
... phrase. For example, dependent clauses (relative, complement and adverbial clauses) are used extensively to formally instantiate verb-based nominalization (Payne 1997). Comrie and Thompson (1985) found that some languages code their action nominals more like their noun phrases, while others code the ...
1. In order, list the three types of sentences that constitute an
... Too, well, fast, speedily, not, never ...
... Too, well, fast, speedily, not, never ...
Adjective and Adverbs
... The Swainsona formosa plant Swainsona formosa is one of Australia’s native plants, and is one of the world’s most spectacular flowering plants. The outstanding feature of S. formosa is its brilliant-colored flowers, from white or pink through to dark red standard and keel with or without a distincti ...
... The Swainsona formosa plant Swainsona formosa is one of Australia’s native plants, and is one of the world’s most spectacular flowering plants. The outstanding feature of S. formosa is its brilliant-colored flowers, from white or pink through to dark red standard and keel with or without a distincti ...
Phrases and Clauses - Manhasset Public Schools
... clause (subject and predicate) that DOES NOT MAKE SENSE on its ownit depends on an independent clause to complete a thought. Begins with EITHER a relative pronoun, such as that, which or who, OR a subordinating conjunction, such as: if, after, when, because, although, since, where, even tho ...
... clause (subject and predicate) that DOES NOT MAKE SENSE on its ownit depends on an independent clause to complete a thought. Begins with EITHER a relative pronoun, such as that, which or who, OR a subordinating conjunction, such as: if, after, when, because, although, since, where, even tho ...
gothic word order patterns as attested in the gothic gospel of luke
... incidence of nouns following attributes is less noticeable than the incidence of the noun-attribute pattern, the pattern characteristic to OV syntax may be considered as the predominant word order pattern in Gothic noun phrases. Lehmann (2005, pp. 34–35) notices rather a conspicuous and archaic Goth ...
... incidence of nouns following attributes is less noticeable than the incidence of the noun-attribute pattern, the pattern characteristic to OV syntax may be considered as the predominant word order pattern in Gothic noun phrases. Lehmann (2005, pp. 34–35) notices rather a conspicuous and archaic Goth ...
01 SAT Prep Class Vocab Writing Grammar
... Make impure or inferior by adding improper ingredients; contaminate; pollute. ...
... Make impure or inferior by adding improper ingredients; contaminate; pollute. ...
Chapter 4 Modifiers and Complements Adjectives and Adjective
... adverbs -- this will be discussed later when we talk about conjunction). Adverb phrases have three possible functions -- two well-defined and one a kind of grab-bag. Adverb phrases can modify adjectives, they can modify other adverbs and they can be adverbial. This last function is the most complica ...
... adverbs -- this will be discussed later when we talk about conjunction). Adverb phrases have three possible functions -- two well-defined and one a kind of grab-bag. Adverb phrases can modify adjectives, they can modify other adverbs and they can be adverbial. This last function is the most complica ...
Free! - Classical Academic Press
... readings, translations, and fun things to do and learn. You should find this book quite familiar. Its setup is very similar to that of Primer A, but it is a thicker book because there are more pages per chapter. If you have completed Primer A, you already know some important tips for learning Spanis ...
... readings, translations, and fun things to do and learn. You should find this book quite familiar. Its setup is very similar to that of Primer A, but it is a thicker book because there are more pages per chapter. If you have completed Primer A, you already know some important tips for learning Spanis ...
The Oxford Guide to English Usage
... In addition to the four main sections described at 1 above, the Guide has three appendices: A is an outline of the principles of punctuation; B lists some of the cliches and overworked diction most widely disliked at present; and C gives a brief description of the characteristics of the five major o ...
... In addition to the four main sections described at 1 above, the Guide has three appendices: A is an outline of the principles of punctuation; B lists some of the cliches and overworked diction most widely disliked at present; and C gives a brief description of the characteristics of the five major o ...
Some Observations on English Deverbal and Gerundial Nouns
... (ii) The swimmers were ordered to their marks and the gun set off one of the paramount swims of the meet. ...
... (ii) The swimmers were ordered to their marks and the gun set off one of the paramount swims of the meet. ...
Syntactic overview
... not but also by the addition of the semantically empty auxiliary do. The contrast in [1ii] is one of clause type, with [a] declarative and [b] interrogative. The syntactic difference in this particular pair concerns the relative order of subject and predicator: in [a] the subject occupies its basic ...
... not but also by the addition of the semantically empty auxiliary do. The contrast in [1ii] is one of clause type, with [a] declarative and [b] interrogative. The syntactic difference in this particular pair concerns the relative order of subject and predicator: in [a] the subject occupies its basic ...
Chapter 4 “Odd Prepositions”
... these values. For example, non-contraction of the auxiliary is assigned +4, and subject deletion is assigned −9, yielding a very large discord value of 13 for example (7). Under Silva and Zwicky’s analysis, contraction is actually neutral (with a value of 0), and non-contraction has a value of +4 (s ...
... these values. For example, non-contraction of the auxiliary is assigned +4, and subject deletion is assigned −9, yielding a very large discord value of 13 for example (7). Under Silva and Zwicky’s analysis, contraction is actually neutral (with a value of 0), and non-contraction has a value of +4 (s ...
The Domari Language of Aleppo - Dartmouth College Library
... and premature, as situations seem to vary greatly from one location to another. As far as multilingualism is concerned, all the m in Aleppo are proficient in Arabic.17 It should be added as well that the neighbourhood I worked in ( rafiyye) is populated by m and Kurds and that Kurdish is still a con ...
... and premature, as situations seem to vary greatly from one location to another. As far as multilingualism is concerned, all the m in Aleppo are proficient in Arabic.17 It should be added as well that the neighbourhood I worked in ( rafiyye) is populated by m and Kurds and that Kurdish is still a con ...
An Interaction Grammar of Interrogative and Relative Clauses in
... This article is a contribution to the construction of formal grammars from linguistic knowledge. This task is motivated by both applicative and scientific considerations. From an applicative point of view, it is essential for NLP systems requiring a fine and complete syntactic analysis of natural la ...
... This article is a contribution to the construction of formal grammars from linguistic knowledge. This task is motivated by both applicative and scientific considerations. From an applicative point of view, it is essential for NLP systems requiring a fine and complete syntactic analysis of natural la ...
Unit 3
... • Capitalize the first word of the speaker’s exact words. • If the quotation comes first, add a comma, question mark, or exclamation point inside the quotation marks at the end of the speaker’s words and add a period at the end of the sentence. • If the quotation comes last, add a comma at the ...
... • Capitalize the first word of the speaker’s exact words. • If the quotation comes first, add a comma, question mark, or exclamation point inside the quotation marks at the end of the speaker’s words and add a period at the end of the sentence. • If the quotation comes last, add a comma at the ...
An outline for a semantic categorization of adjectives 1
... superlatives and intensifiers such as 'very' or ‘completely' (see Huddleston 1984). Another typical adjective feature is that it can be used as an adverb. But there are also many ‘atypical’ adjectives: some can only be used attributively, some only predicatively, still others are not gradable or can ...
... superlatives and intensifiers such as 'very' or ‘completely' (see Huddleston 1984). Another typical adjective feature is that it can be used as an adverb. But there are also many ‘atypical’ adjectives: some can only be used attributively, some only predicatively, still others are not gradable or can ...
Arabic grammar
Arabic grammar (Arabic: النحو العربي An-naḥw al-‘arabiyy or قواعد اللغة العربية qawā‘id al-lughah al-‘arabīyyah) is the grammar of the Arabic language. Arabic is a Semitic language and its grammar has many similarities with the grammar of other Semitic languages.The article focuses both on the grammar of Literary Arabic (i.e. Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic, which have largely the same grammar) and of the colloquial spoken varieties of Arabic. The grammar of the two types is largely similar in its particulars. Generally, the grammar of Classical Arabic is described first, followed by the areas in which the colloquial variants tend to differ (note that not all colloquial variants have the same grammar). The largest differences between the two systems are the loss of grammatical case; the loss of the previous system of grammatical mood, along with the evolution of a new system; the loss of the inflected passive voice, except in a few relic varieties; and restriction in the use of the dual number.