Approaching storm. Report on transformation Central and Eastern Europe and the eurozone crisis
... the country which is most vulnerable to a crisis is Latvia, followed by Slovenia, Hungary, and Belarus. Very serious threats jeopardize the development of Bulgaria, Serbia, and Ukraine. Strong caution is also required in the case of Lithuania, Croatia, Slovakia, Romania, Estonia, and Poland, and to ...
... the country which is most vulnerable to a crisis is Latvia, followed by Slovenia, Hungary, and Belarus. Very serious threats jeopardize the development of Bulgaria, Serbia, and Ukraine. Strong caution is also required in the case of Lithuania, Croatia, Slovakia, Romania, Estonia, and Poland, and to ...
Download
... GDP in 2006 to below 3.5% of GDP in 2008, Hungary has been particularly exposed to the financial crisis and thus had to limit the financing need of the government rather than stimulate the economy during the economic downturn. In this context, it adopted a policy of further fiscal adjustments and ti ...
... GDP in 2006 to below 3.5% of GDP in 2008, Hungary has been particularly exposed to the financial crisis and thus had to limit the financing need of the government rather than stimulate the economy during the economic downturn. In this context, it adopted a policy of further fiscal adjustments and ti ...
What is the IMF? - UCLA Division of Social Sciences
... Once a country enters into an IMF program, consecutive agreements are signed until the economic situation improves (and sometimes even after the situation ...
... Once a country enters into an IMF program, consecutive agreements are signed until the economic situation improves (and sometimes even after the situation ...
Executive summary - independent.gov.uk
... Among pensioners, that reflects cohort effects – newly-retired pensioners are assumed to have higher home-ownership rates than the oldest pensioners. Among those of working age, it reflects an assumption that age-specific home-ownership rates among recent cohorts (which have fallen in recent years) ...
... Among pensioners, that reflects cohort effects – newly-retired pensioners are assumed to have higher home-ownership rates than the oldest pensioners. Among those of working age, it reflects an assumption that age-specific home-ownership rates among recent cohorts (which have fallen in recent years) ...
+ = GDP - Binus Repository
... • This highlights a very important point: Expansion in output (additional production of goods and services that people value) is the source of higher income levels. • If we want to achieve higher income levels and living standards, we must figure out how to expand output (productivity) per person. W ...
... • This highlights a very important point: Expansion in output (additional production of goods and services that people value) is the source of higher income levels. • If we want to achieve higher income levels and living standards, we must figure out how to expand output (productivity) per person. W ...
quantity of real GDP supplied
... twentieth century’s most famous economists, John Maynard Keynes. ‒ A new Keynesian view holds that not only is the money wage rate sticky but also are the prices of goods. ...
... twentieth century’s most famous economists, John Maynard Keynes. ‒ A new Keynesian view holds that not only is the money wage rate sticky but also are the prices of goods. ...
Bureau of Economic Analysis Presentation
... GDP, policymakers would be adrift in a sea of unorganized data. The GDP and related data are like beacons that help policymakers steer the economy toward the key economic objectives.” Paul Samuelson and William Nordhaus www.bea.gov ...
... GDP, policymakers would be adrift in a sea of unorganized data. The GDP and related data are like beacons that help policymakers steer the economy toward the key economic objectives.” Paul Samuelson and William Nordhaus www.bea.gov ...
Topic 5: Nominal and Real GDP - Sam Houston State University
... happened to the multiplication of P and Q but not what happened only to Q. For instance from 2003 to 2004 GDP increase by $28. However, it could have been because production when up and prices went down, or prices went up and production down, or all both went up. In other words, I cannot distinguish ...
... happened to the multiplication of P and Q but not what happened only to Q. For instance from 2003 to 2004 GDP increase by $28. However, it could have been because production when up and prices went down, or prices went up and production down, or all both went up. In other words, I cannot distinguish ...
Document
... a. In 2006, Ashley sells a car that she bought in 2002 to William for $5,000. b. An American management consultant works in Mexico during the summer of 2006 and earns the equivalent of $30,000 during that time. c. When John and Jennifer were both single, they lived in separate apartments and each pa ...
... a. In 2006, Ashley sells a car that she bought in 2002 to William for $5,000. b. An American management consultant works in Mexico during the summer of 2006 and earns the equivalent of $30,000 during that time. c. When John and Jennifer were both single, they lived in separate apartments and each pa ...
NBER WO~G PAPER SERIES MACROECONOMIC POLICY ~ THE PRESENCE OF STRUCTURAL
... a substantial relative acceleration of nominal GDP and, surprisingly, an even greater deceleration of inflation, so that their growth rate of real GDP accelerated more than their growth rate of nominal GDP in relation to the pegging countries. The continued deceleration of inflation in the depreciat ...
... a substantial relative acceleration of nominal GDP and, surprisingly, an even greater deceleration of inflation, so that their growth rate of real GDP accelerated more than their growth rate of nominal GDP in relation to the pegging countries. The continued deceleration of inflation in the depreciat ...
Using Policy to Stabilize the Economy
... • Fiscal policy was expansionary, so Fed policy needed to be very contractionary to reduce inflation. • Success: Inflation fell from 10% to 4%, but at the cost of high unemployment… ...
... • Fiscal policy was expansionary, so Fed policy needed to be very contractionary to reduce inflation. • Success: Inflation fell from 10% to 4%, but at the cost of high unemployment… ...
How do fiscal shocks affect the macroeconomic
... methodology which combines institutional information and SVAR analysis. This is also the approach taken in this paper and is discussed further in the following sections. Following the divergences in theoretical and methodological approaches, the existing empirical evidence on the effects of fiscal ...
... methodology which combines institutional information and SVAR analysis. This is also the approach taken in this paper and is discussed further in the following sections. Following the divergences in theoretical and methodological approaches, the existing empirical evidence on the effects of fiscal ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CONDITIONS Robert E. Hall
... fiscal policy does not lean against debt accumulation. Making this change alone results in a high probability of large negative debt, as the government continues to run small surpluses in spite of extinguishing the national debt. To offset this tendency, I introduce a constant in the equation for th ...
... fiscal policy does not lean against debt accumulation. Making this change alone results in a high probability of large negative debt, as the government continues to run small surpluses in spite of extinguishing the national debt. To offset this tendency, I introduce a constant in the equation for th ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF POLICY INTERVENTIONS Eric M. Leeper
... that many interventions the Federal Reserve actually considers fall within the prevailing regime. We also compute an ex-post version of the metric, which reports whether the choices actually taken affected macro variables in ways that are consistent with historical effects. We illustrate the approac ...
... that many interventions the Federal Reserve actually considers fall within the prevailing regime. We also compute an ex-post version of the metric, which reports whether the choices actually taken affected macro variables in ways that are consistent with historical effects. We illustrate the approac ...
Preliminary GDP report – Domestic demand stands out as Mexico`s
... following factors: (1) The recovery in households’ income derived from significant gains in real wages; (2) the better growth prospects of credit to the private non-financial sector; and (3) the higher growth in remittances inflows (now adding a 6.6% yoy growth in the first eight months of the year) ...
... following factors: (1) The recovery in households’ income derived from significant gains in real wages; (2) the better growth prospects of credit to the private non-financial sector; and (3) the higher growth in remittances inflows (now adding a 6.6% yoy growth in the first eight months of the year) ...
Output Market: Output and the Price Level
... then prices must reflect how people value them. If you pay $16 for a CD and 10 CDs are produced and sold at that price, then $160 worth of value has been created. GDP is the market value of final ... Let's assume you have a summer job in a factory producing CD ROMs to be used to store computer softw ...
... then prices must reflect how people value them. If you pay $16 for a CD and 10 CDs are produced and sold at that price, then $160 worth of value has been created. GDP is the market value of final ... Let's assume you have a summer job in a factory producing CD ROMs to be used to store computer softw ...
Fiscal Policy - Arbortown Properties
... to affect production, employment, or inflation. The federal government’s share of total government expenditures has been falling since World War II. Federal government expenditures have been around 20 percent of GDP since the early 1970s, while federal government purchases have declined as a percent ...
... to affect production, employment, or inflation. The federal government’s share of total government expenditures has been falling since World War II. Federal government expenditures have been around 20 percent of GDP since the early 1970s, while federal government purchases have declined as a percent ...
David Wyss
... PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE. In no event shall S&P, its affiliates and its third party licensors be liable for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages in connection with subscriber’s or others use of the data/information contained herein. Access to the data or information contained here ...
... PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE. In no event shall S&P, its affiliates and its third party licensors be liable for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages in connection with subscriber’s or others use of the data/information contained herein. Access to the data or information contained here ...
Small, Medium-sized, and Large Businesses
... of National Accounts. Value added in the input-output accounts is the sum of gross value added of all resident producer units. It is also the difference between output and intermediate consumption (System of National Accounts 2008 (SNA 2008), paragraph 1.17) (European Commission et al. 2009). Using ...
... of National Accounts. Value added in the input-output accounts is the sum of gross value added of all resident producer units. It is also the difference between output and intermediate consumption (System of National Accounts 2008 (SNA 2008), paragraph 1.17) (European Commission et al. 2009). Using ...
Choosing the Federal Reserve Chair: Lessons from History
... Marriner Eccles became chairman of the newly restructured Federal Reserve in February 1936. The most important element of monetary policymakers’ beliefs during the late 1930s was the notion that speculative excesses and demand-induced inflation could occur in an economy with underused capacity. In t ...
... Marriner Eccles became chairman of the newly restructured Federal Reserve in February 1936. The most important element of monetary policymakers’ beliefs during the late 1930s was the notion that speculative excesses and demand-induced inflation could occur in an economy with underused capacity. In t ...
Time-Consistent Management of a Liquidity Trap
... liquidity trap. We contrast response of these two instruments when the government is using debt to the case where the government is forced to maintain its budget balanced in every period. Government with balanced budget relies heavily on the use of government spending. Relaxing government budget ma ...
... liquidity trap. We contrast response of these two instruments when the government is using debt to the case where the government is forced to maintain its budget balanced in every period. Government with balanced budget relies heavily on the use of government spending. Relaxing government budget ma ...
Financial versus real economic variables in explaining growth and
... growth, low levels of unemployment and rising prices. It is a period from trough to peak. b) Peak: It is the highest turning point of a business cycle and the point at which expansion turns into contraction. c) Contraction: A slowdown in the economic activity defined by low or stagnant growth, high ...
... growth, low levels of unemployment and rising prices. It is a period from trough to peak. b) Peak: It is the highest turning point of a business cycle and the point at which expansion turns into contraction. c) Contraction: A slowdown in the economic activity defined by low or stagnant growth, high ...
Inflation Cycles
... mainly from fluctuations in the pace of technological change. But other sources might be international disturbances, climate fluctuations, or natural disasters. We’ll explore RBC theory by looking first at its impulse and then at the mechanism that converts that impulse into a cycle in real GDP. ...
... mainly from fluctuations in the pace of technological change. But other sources might be international disturbances, climate fluctuations, or natural disasters. We’ll explore RBC theory by looking first at its impulse and then at the mechanism that converts that impulse into a cycle in real GDP. ...
Chapter 16
... • Investment demand and exports increase. • Consumers spend more on durable goods. • These initial changes in expenditure have a multiplier effect and an expansion begins. Decreases in the money supply have similar, but opposite, effects. Copyright © 2000 Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. ...
... • Investment demand and exports increase. • Consumers spend more on durable goods. • These initial changes in expenditure have a multiplier effect and an expansion begins. Decreases in the money supply have similar, but opposite, effects. Copyright © 2000 Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. ...
Inflation Cycles - Pearson Higher Education
... mainly from fluctuations in the pace of technological change. But other sources might be international disturbances, climate fluctuations, or natural disasters. We’ll explore RBC theory by looking first at its impulse and then at the mechanism that converts that impulse into a cycle in real GDP. ...
... mainly from fluctuations in the pace of technological change. But other sources might be international disturbances, climate fluctuations, or natural disasters. We’ll explore RBC theory by looking first at its impulse and then at the mechanism that converts that impulse into a cycle in real GDP. ...