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In the Supreme Court of the United States
In the Supreme Court of the United States

... regulating local activities, they fostered a healthy competition among States, which served as an effective curb against government abuse and reinforced the essentially free society contemplated under the Constitution. Far from solving any “national problem,” the modern, expansive view of the Commer ...
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... of international and national agreements and accords which impact on their area of jurisdiction. A number of jurisdictions have put in place procedures to ensure that State legislatures are informed directly and also represented on national or international committees considering proposed legislativ ...
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math lesson plan - Ohio Literacy Resource Center

... aimed to improve the uniformity of commerce. Only 12 delegates participated, including Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. Sensing a statewide agreement on the importance of revising the Articles of Confederation, this convention resolved to call another statewide convention in May of 1787. This c ...
Federalism in the Americas in Comparative Perspective
Federalism in the Americas in Comparative Perspective

... in the six countries in the Western Hemisphere that have formally adopted federal systems of government. While other American countries or groups of countries, such as Chile (18261827), Honduras (1824-1831), the United Provinces of Central America (1829-1838), and Colombia (1853-1886), had short-liv ...
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- Perspectives on Federalism

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Federation



A federation (from Latin: foedus, gen.: foederis, ""covenant""), also known as a federal state, is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions under a central (federal) government. In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, are typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision of either party, the states or the federal political body.The governmental or constitutional structure found in a federation is known as federalism. It can be considered the opposite of another system, the unitary state. Germany, with sixteen Bundesländer, is an example of a federation, whereas neighboring Austria and its Bundesländer was a unitary state with administrative divisions that became federated, and neighboring France by contrast has always been unitary.Federations may be multi-ethnic and cover a large area of territory (e.g. Russia, the United States, or India), although neither is necessarily the case. The initial agreements create a stability that encourages other common interests, reduces differences between the disparate territories, and gives them all even more common ground. At some time this is recognized and a movement is organized to merge more closely. At other times, especially when common cultural factors are at play such as ethnicity and language, some of the steps in this pattern are expedited and compressed.The international council for federal countries, the Forum of Federations, is based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It helps share best practices among countries with federal systems of government, and currently includes nine countries as partner governments.
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