No Slide Title
... stage • Typically, = 4 , but this depends on dynode material and the voltage difference between dynodes • n = number of multiplication stages • Photomultiplier tube gain = n • For n = 10 stages and = 4 , gain = 410 = 1 107 ...
... stage • Typically, = 4 , but this depends on dynode material and the voltage difference between dynodes • n = number of multiplication stages • Photomultiplier tube gain = n • For n = 10 stages and = 4 , gain = 410 = 1 107 ...
A REMOTELY CONTROLLED ELECTRON GUN FOR A 200 keV ELECTROSTATIC ACCELERATOR By
... Figure 18. Chi-Squared Probability Densities…………………………………………..31 Figure 19. Einzel Lens…………………………………………………………………..32 Figure 20. Original Design Drawing……………………………………………………35 Figure 21. Original Design Photograph…………………………………………………35 Figure 22. Electron Gun Schematic……………………………………………………..36 Figure 23 ...
... Figure 18. Chi-Squared Probability Densities…………………………………………..31 Figure 19. Einzel Lens…………………………………………………………………..32 Figure 20. Original Design Drawing……………………………………………………35 Figure 21. Original Design Photograph…………………………………………………35 Figure 22. Electron Gun Schematic……………………………………………………..36 Figure 23 ...
replacing selenium rectifiers
... exceeding 500 V. To replace them with selenium would require a very long stack of plates, certainly a dozen or more in series. But this fact highlights the really dramatic advantage of silicon rectifiers. In many circuits, one 1N4007 can be used to replace each plate of a dual rectifier tube. This s ...
... exceeding 500 V. To replace them with selenium would require a very long stack of plates, certainly a dozen or more in series. But this fact highlights the really dramatic advantage of silicon rectifiers. In many circuits, one 1N4007 can be used to replace each plate of a dual rectifier tube. This s ...
Fraction Collector FRAC-100 and FRAC-200
... versatile instruments for automated fraction collection and evaluation of chromatograms. In their standard forms they can collect up to 175 fractions in 12 mm diameter tubes, up to 95 fractions in 10-18 mm diameter tubes and up to 40 fractions in 30 mm diameter vials, with the help of the racks prov ...
... versatile instruments for automated fraction collection and evaluation of chromatograms. In their standard forms they can collect up to 175 fractions in 12 mm diameter tubes, up to 95 fractions in 10-18 mm diameter tubes and up to 40 fractions in 30 mm diameter vials, with the help of the racks prov ...
Type CPL and CPH Wide Area Radiant Panels
... be effectively grounded in accordance with the National Electrical Code to eliminate shock hazard. 1. All wiring should be done in accordance with the National Electrical Code and with local codes by a qualified person. Use nickel or nickel-clad, copper wire with insulation good for 375OC (700OF) in ...
... be effectively grounded in accordance with the National Electrical Code to eliminate shock hazard. 1. All wiring should be done in accordance with the National Electrical Code and with local codes by a qualified person. Use nickel or nickel-clad, copper wire with insulation good for 375OC (700OF) in ...
Tube Radio Restoration
... Invariably these GT tubes, with metal base, have their No. 1 pin grounded. Inasmuch as many manufacturers use all available socket pins for common tie-points, considerable damage may be caused when grounding the No. 1 pin. A particular case is the RCA Model BT-42 which was originally equipped with G ...
... Invariably these GT tubes, with metal base, have their No. 1 pin grounded. Inasmuch as many manufacturers use all available socket pins for common tie-points, considerable damage may be caused when grounding the No. 1 pin. A particular case is the RCA Model BT-42 which was originally equipped with G ...
Stiletto - MESA/Boogie
... WARNING: Always make certain proper load is connected before operating the amplifier. Failure to do so could pose a shock hazard and may result in damage to the amplifier. Do not expose amplifier to direct sunlight or extremely high temperatures. Always insure that amplifier is properly grounded. Al ...
... WARNING: Always make certain proper load is connected before operating the amplifier. Failure to do so could pose a shock hazard and may result in damage to the amplifier. Do not expose amplifier to direct sunlight or extremely high temperatures. Always insure that amplifier is properly grounded. Al ...
PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.
... there is a deflexiou of' the rays when the plates are first connected with the terminals of the battery, but if this connexion is maintahled the patch of phosphorescence gradually creeps back to its ~n(leflected position. This is just what would happen if the space between the plates were a conducto ...
... there is a deflexiou of' the rays when the plates are first connected with the terminals of the battery, but if this connexion is maintahled the patch of phosphorescence gradually creeps back to its ~n(leflected position. This is just what would happen if the space between the plates were a conducto ...
A New Look At An Old Friend
... In classic Dynaco fashion, the Z-565 transformers (at left) used in the SCA35 are excellent performers. The best examples are capable of delivering the full 20-20 kHz bandwidth at full rated power with very low distortion, although on the low end, the figure is often closer to 22 Hz. They also prov ...
... In classic Dynaco fashion, the Z-565 transformers (at left) used in the SCA35 are excellent performers. The best examples are capable of delivering the full 20-20 kHz bandwidth at full rated power with very low distortion, although on the low end, the figure is often closer to 22 Hz. They also prov ...
X-ray Tomography in Industrial Metrology
... tubes with transmission targets have the advantage that the thin target produces a smaller beam diameter (focal spot) and thus a higher resolution is achievable. However, also using reflection targets, the focal spot size depends on the power setting. A small focal spot can be obtained only at low p ...
... tubes with transmission targets have the advantage that the thin target produces a smaller beam diameter (focal spot) and thus a higher resolution is achievable. However, also using reflection targets, the focal spot size depends on the power setting. A small focal spot can be obtained only at low p ...
the tetrode boards - Bruce`s home page
... • Loss or major change in anode, screen or control grid voltage • RF and DC arcs, flashovers and other ‘glitches’ • Blower failure, resulting in overheating of the tube(s). All of these faults will result in too much screen current, either positive or negative. Continuous electronic monitoring of th ...
... • Loss or major change in anode, screen or control grid voltage • RF and DC arcs, flashovers and other ‘glitches’ • Blower failure, resulting in overheating of the tube(s). All of these faults will result in too much screen current, either positive or negative. Continuous electronic monitoring of th ...
The Triode Board
... (details below) the maximum voltage drop across R1 needs to be about 0.8V. Therefore the over-current protection for the meter M1 requires two silicon diodes in series, D3 and D4, to prevent incorrect grid current reading when the meter is close to full scale. A voltage proportional to the grid curr ...
... (details below) the maximum voltage drop across R1 needs to be about 0.8V. Therefore the over-current protection for the meter M1 requires two silicon diodes in series, D3 and D4, to prevent incorrect grid current reading when the meter is close to full scale. A voltage proportional to the grid curr ...
the tetrode boards
... • Loss or major change in anode, screen or control grid voltage • RF and DC arcs, flashovers and other ‘glitches’ • Blower failure, resulting in overheating of the tube(s). All of these faults will result in too much screen current, either positive or negative. Continuous electronic monitoring of th ...
... • Loss or major change in anode, screen or control grid voltage • RF and DC arcs, flashovers and other ‘glitches’ • Blower failure, resulting in overheating of the tube(s). All of these faults will result in too much screen current, either positive or negative. Continuous electronic monitoring of th ...
Effects of pulse-length and emitter area on virtual cathode formation
... is limited by the laser illumination intensity rather than by space-charge. Another factor that makes the photoinjector different from a conventional diode is that in a photoinjector the pulse length is usually much less than the transit time of the electrons across the gun, whereas in a conventiona ...
... is limited by the laser illumination intensity rather than by space-charge. Another factor that makes the photoinjector different from a conventional diode is that in a photoinjector the pulse length is usually much less than the transit time of the electrons across the gun, whereas in a conventiona ...
Chapter 5: X-Ray Production
... the trajectories giving a smaller focus With an increasing negative bias voltage at the focusing cup the focus size will decrease and finally the electron current will be pinched Off Effect is sometimes used to electronically control the focus size or for a fast switching of the anode current (Grid ...
... the trajectories giving a smaller focus With an increasing negative bias voltage at the focusing cup the focus size will decrease and finally the electron current will be pinched Off Effect is sometimes used to electronically control the focus size or for a fast switching of the anode current (Grid ...
Display devices - VGTU Elektronikos fakultetas
... energy to the atoms, thereby exciting them into energy levels above the ground state. The atoms may then lose energy radiatively and return to the ground state. Then the gas emits orange-red light. The ionised gas is called plasma and gas displays are therefore often called plasma displays. ...
... energy to the atoms, thereby exciting them into energy levels above the ground state. The atoms may then lose energy radiatively and return to the ground state. Then the gas emits orange-red light. The ionised gas is called plasma and gas displays are therefore often called plasma displays. ...
Scientific Research Project EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
... in the cathode solid medium exposed to bombardment by low-energy ions flux. Choice of the most favorable experimental characteristics, parameters and conditions for obtaining maximum values of Excess Heat power and Efficiency. 1.1.2. Description of GD Device, Experimental Procedure and Main Results ...
... in the cathode solid medium exposed to bombardment by low-energy ions flux. Choice of the most favorable experimental characteristics, parameters and conditions for obtaining maximum values of Excess Heat power and Efficiency. 1.1.2. Description of GD Device, Experimental Procedure and Main Results ...
thecnical and manteinance manual
... I - PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS AND WARRANTY INFORMATION Please observe safety precautions when handling this unit. This equipment contains dangerous currents and high voltages. This manual is written as a general guide for those having previous knowledge and experience with this kind of equipment. It ...
... I - PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS AND WARRANTY INFORMATION Please observe safety precautions when handling this unit. This equipment contains dangerous currents and high voltages. This manual is written as a general guide for those having previous knowledge and experience with this kind of equipment. It ...
14349 - Peacemaker Manual
... is a very useful facility as it allows for instant switching between 2 pre-set volume levels on either channel 1 or channel 2. LED’s at the bottom right hand side of the controls indicate which is active. VU METER This indicates the output level of the power stage of the amplifier. STANDBY SWITCH Th ...
... is a very useful facility as it allows for instant switching between 2 pre-set volume levels on either channel 1 or channel 2. LED’s at the bottom right hand side of the controls indicate which is active. VU METER This indicates the output level of the power stage of the amplifier. STANDBY SWITCH Th ...
X-ray Production, X-ray Tubes and Generators – Chapter 5
... The filament current determines the filament temperature and thus the rate of thermionic emission When no voltage is applied b/w the cathode and anode, an electron cloud, also called a space charge cloud, builds around the filament This space charge cloud shields the electric field for tube voltages ...
... The filament current determines the filament temperature and thus the rate of thermionic emission When no voltage is applied b/w the cathode and anode, an electron cloud, also called a space charge cloud, builds around the filament This space charge cloud shields the electric field for tube voltages ...
Enhanced Energy Deposition Efficiency of Glow Treatment , Senior Member, IEEE
... radial components of the electric field accelerating the electrons toward a focal point. It should be noticed that the generation of focused high-energy electron beams by this effect can only be obtained within a selected pressure range. At these pressures, it is possible to simultaneously obtain a ...
... radial components of the electric field accelerating the electrons toward a focal point. It should be noticed that the generation of focused high-energy electron beams by this effect can only be obtained within a selected pressure range. At these pressures, it is possible to simultaneously obtain a ...
Tigris User Manual
... include speakers and cabinetry - exactly as we do with our many guitar amplifiers. With the TIGRIS, the critical parameters of your system’s center, the pre-amp / power-amp - have indeed been optimized. Beyond that, your choice of associated components will reflect your personal preferences and need ...
... include speakers and cabinetry - exactly as we do with our many guitar amplifiers. With the TIGRIS, the critical parameters of your system’s center, the pre-amp / power-amp - have indeed been optimized. Beyond that, your choice of associated components will reflect your personal preferences and need ...
Power and Protection for Modern Tetrodes
... Tetrode power amplifiers are coming back into fashion, after many years in which US amplifier builders have focused almost exclusively on triodes. The situation in Europe has been very different, because tetrodes never went away. In particular, there have been many developments in tetrode power supp ...
... Tetrode power amplifiers are coming back into fashion, after many years in which US amplifier builders have focused almost exclusively on triodes. The situation in Europe has been very different, because tetrodes never went away. In particular, there have been many developments in tetrode power supp ...
2015-37
... 10cm x 10 cm x 10cm, and are named as such because they measure to one cubic liter in volume. However, they can be stacked in 1, 2, 3, and 6U (1kg = 1U)7 formations in the vertical plane. Vacuum arc based thrusters are an ideal propulsion system for this application to control the movement of the sa ...
... 10cm x 10 cm x 10cm, and are named as such because they measure to one cubic liter in volume. However, they can be stacked in 1, 2, 3, and 6U (1kg = 1U)7 formations in the vertical plane. Vacuum arc based thrusters are an ideal propulsion system for this application to control the movement of the sa ...
J. J. Thomson (1856
... the cylinder, the charge passing into the cylinder fell again to a very small fraction of its value when the aim was true. Thus this experiment shows that however we twist and deflect the cathode rays by magnetic forces, the negative electrification follows the same path as the rays, and that this n ...
... the cylinder, the charge passing into the cylinder fell again to a very small fraction of its value when the aim was true. Thus this experiment shows that however we twist and deflect the cathode rays by magnetic forces, the negative electrification follows the same path as the rays, and that this n ...
Vacuum tube
In electronics, vacuum tube, electron tube, tube (in North America), or valve (in Britain and some other regions) is a device that controls electric current between electrodes in an evacuated container.Vacuum tubes mostly rely on thermionic emission of electrons from a hot filament or a cathode heated by the filament. This type is called a thermionic tube or thermionic valve. A phototube, however, achieves electron emission through the photoelectric effect. Not all valves/electron tubes are evacuated ""vacuum tubes""; gas-filled tubes are similar devices containing a gas, typically at low pressure, which exploit phenomena related to electric discharge in gases, usually without a heater.The simplest vacuum tube, the diode, contains only a heater, a heated electron-emitting cathode (the filament itself acts as the cathode in some diodes), and a plate (anode). Current can only flow in one direction through the device between the two electrodes, as electrons emitted by the cathode travel through the tube and are collected by the anode. Adding one or more control grids within the tube allows the current between the cathode and anode to be controlled by the voltage on the grid or grids. Tubes with grids can be used for many purposes, including amplification, rectification, switching, oscillation, and display.Invented in 1904 by John Ambrose Fleming, vacuum tubes were a basic component for electronics throughout the first half of the twentieth century, which saw the diffusion of radio, television, radar, sound reinforcement, sound recording and reproduction, large telephone networks, analog and digital computers, and industrial process control. Although some applications had counterparts using earlier technologies such as the spark gap transmitter or mechanical computers, it was the invention of the vacuum tube that made these technologies widespread and practical.In the 1940s the invention of semiconductor devices made it possible to produce solid-state devices, which are smaller, more efficient, more reliable, more durable, and cheaper than tubes.Hence, from the mid-1950s solid-state devices such as transistors gradually replaced tubes. The cathode-ray tube (CRT) remained the basis for televisions and video monitors until superseded in the 21st century. However, there are still a few applications for which tubes are preferred to semiconductors; for example, the magnetron used in microwave ovens, and certain high frequency amplifiers.