The Franck-Hertz Experiment - University of Colorado Boulder
... Part I: Measurement of First Excitation Potential of Mercury ...
... Part I: Measurement of First Excitation Potential of Mercury ...
high power pulsed hollow cathode plasma source caracterization
... sources or sputtering systems. Particularly, in this type of discharge a high ion density is produced by the electron pendulum effect inside the hollow cylinder cathode. The form of hollow cathodes used as sputtering sources may vary from simple disc to cylinder [1]. Sometimes an additional cavity i ...
... sources or sputtering systems. Particularly, in this type of discharge a high ion density is produced by the electron pendulum effect inside the hollow cylinder cathode. The form of hollow cathodes used as sputtering sources may vary from simple disc to cylinder [1]. Sometimes an additional cavity i ...
O19e
... It consists of two parts, one with a mirror and the other with two riders, for measuring the diameter of the electron beam when it is made to follow a circular path. The experiments should be carried out in a darkened room. The deflection plates should be connected to the anode potential in all thos ...
... It consists of two parts, one with a mirror and the other with two riders, for measuring the diameter of the electron beam when it is made to follow a circular path. The experiments should be carried out in a darkened room. The deflection plates should be connected to the anode potential in all thos ...
Renaissance 140 - Vac-Amps
... It is a truth that each brand of tube sounds different in a particular high resolution circuit. This is because no two manufacturers make a tube type in quite the same way, and the central tendencies of the performance parameters will differ slightly with each maker. To emphasize the point, examine ...
... It is a truth that each brand of tube sounds different in a particular high resolution circuit. This is because no two manufacturers make a tube type in quite the same way, and the central tendencies of the performance parameters will differ slightly with each maker. To emphasize the point, examine ...
Description of an Oscilloscope Cathode Ray Tube
... electron beam to form a graphical image representing the electrical properties of a circuit. An oscilloscope (Figure 1) is used to test electrical devices by displaying a graph of the voltage between two points in a circuit over time. The CRT (Figure 2) displays this graph. Similar CRTs are used in ...
... electron beam to form a graphical image representing the electrical properties of a circuit. An oscilloscope (Figure 1) is used to test electrical devices by displaying a graph of the voltage between two points in a circuit over time. The CRT (Figure 2) displays this graph. Similar CRTs are used in ...
Electron Charge-to
... For time and safety reasons, the circuit connections between the power supplies and the e/m apparatus have been pre-wired. Examine them carefully, to make sure they are wired as described below. The high-voltage output terminals are on the e/m apparatus are labeled with a ‘+’ and a ‘-‘. These positi ...
... For time and safety reasons, the circuit connections between the power supplies and the e/m apparatus have been pre-wired. Examine them carefully, to make sure they are wired as described below. The high-voltage output terminals are on the e/m apparatus are labeled with a ‘+’ and a ‘-‘. These positi ...
Phono Stage - Classic Valve Design
... each board in series and powers them with higher voltage and lower current. The reason for this is simple – the PAS has limited space and the PA-211 power transformer had to fit in. To have made the 12V winding for the current required by all the tube heaters, would have required a core larger than ...
... each board in series and powers them with higher voltage and lower current. The reason for this is simple – the PAS has limited space and the PA-211 power transformer had to fit in. To have made the 12V winding for the current required by all the tube heaters, would have required a core larger than ...
SlowBlow Notes - Don Hicks Organ Service
... The pre is quite flexible. Yes, a 5-10% lower voltage on the B+ (common term for the high voltage pwoer supply) would not make it worse. You might get a dB or two lower headroom, but the pre allready got LOADS of headroom, so in practice you won't notice it. While the pre only needs 20mA to run, one ...
... The pre is quite flexible. Yes, a 5-10% lower voltage on the B+ (common term for the high voltage pwoer supply) would not make it worse. You might get a dB or two lower headroom, but the pre allready got LOADS of headroom, so in practice you won't notice it. While the pre only needs 20mA to run, one ...
JYesf'em Electric - AmericanRadioHistory.Com
... its filament, consequently its plate resistance is high, limiting the voltage on output termi nal 1. During this period V3, being a heater type tube, is non-conducting. As V3 warms up simultaneously with V 4 and passes cur ...
... its filament, consequently its plate resistance is high, limiting the voltage on output termi nal 1. During this period V3, being a heater type tube, is non-conducting. As V3 warms up simultaneously with V 4 and passes cur ...
Presentazione di PowerPoint
... (b) Leakage current (ohmic leakage) between the anode and other electrodes inside the tube (c) Photocurrent produced by scintillation from glass envelope or electrode supports (d) Field emission current (e) Ionization current from residual gases (f) Noise current caused by cosmic rays, radiation fro ...
... (b) Leakage current (ohmic leakage) between the anode and other electrodes inside the tube (c) Photocurrent produced by scintillation from glass envelope or electrode supports (d) Field emission current (e) Ionization current from residual gases (f) Noise current caused by cosmic rays, radiation fro ...
Super-emissive cathode switches - Electrobionics
... - III-V photoconductive and junction switching devices - Super-emissive cathode switches - Liquid breakdown for high voltage switching and energy storage ...
... - III-V photoconductive and junction switching devices - Super-emissive cathode switches - Liquid breakdown for high voltage switching and energy storage ...
A 25W OTL Tube Amplifier
... point their anodes dissipate 60W. This gives the lowest distortion. However, you can achieve a much extended tube life with a lower bias current of, say, 200mA. This also reduces the considerable amount of heat produced by the amplifier! I used pentodes in the driver stage because they can swing gre ...
... point their anodes dissipate 60W. This gives the lowest distortion. However, you can achieve a much extended tube life with a lower bias current of, say, 200mA. This also reduces the considerable amount of heat produced by the amplifier! I used pentodes in the driver stage because they can swing gre ...
4CX400A Russian Tubes for the MLA-2500 Amplifier By: B.
... masonite (I used the latter), cut two pieces to the approximate dimensions of Figure 1. Leave an extra 1/8 inch in each dimension in order to file them to fit. I used a right-angle mending bracket at the corner between the two side panel pieces and made bottom brackets from soft aluminum strips abou ...
... masonite (I used the latter), cut two pieces to the approximate dimensions of Figure 1. Leave an extra 1/8 inch in each dimension in order to file them to fit. I used a right-angle mending bracket at the corner between the two side panel pieces and made bottom brackets from soft aluminum strips abou ...
SMU-DDE-Assignments-Scheme of Evaluation PROGRAM Bachelor
... Tungsten is chosen as filament because it has high melting point of 3370°C, can be drawn into thin wire and does not vapourize easily when heated to high temperatures. The purpose of drawing cathode in filament or coil is to maximize the surface area of cathode to increase its efficiency. When ...
... Tungsten is chosen as filament because it has high melting point of 3370°C, can be drawn into thin wire and does not vapourize easily when heated to high temperatures. The purpose of drawing cathode in filament or coil is to maximize the surface area of cathode to increase its efficiency. When ...
DIYstompboxes.com » Tubes for dummies
... If you look at different tube amp schematics, you can see where they control the level into the stage by using different values for the grid leak resistor. There is a maximum value that you need to adhere to. Check the datasheet for the tube you are using to see the typical value of the grid leak re ...
... If you look at different tube amp schematics, you can see where they control the level into the stage by using different values for the grid leak resistor. There is a maximum value that you need to adhere to. Check the datasheet for the tube you are using to see the typical value of the grid leak re ...
Single-Ended Tube-Based Guitar Amplifier
... I was able to find SPICE models for EL34 and 12AX7 vacuum tubes, as well as for an output transformer similar to the one I would be using. Additionally, I obtained a model for the guitar speaker that I already owned, Celestion’s Vintage 30. After incorporating these models into my LTspice netlist, I ...
... I was able to find SPICE models for EL34 and 12AX7 vacuum tubes, as well as for an output transformer similar to the one I would be using. Additionally, I obtained a model for the guitar speaker that I already owned, Celestion’s Vintage 30. After incorporating these models into my LTspice netlist, I ...
PA100/100 - VAC Amps
... It is a truth that each brand of tube sounds different in a particular high resolution circuit. This is because no two manufacturers make a tube type in quite the same way, and the central tendencies of the performance parameters will differ slightly with each maker. To emphasize the point, examine ...
... It is a truth that each brand of tube sounds different in a particular high resolution circuit. This is because no two manufacturers make a tube type in quite the same way, and the central tendencies of the performance parameters will differ slightly with each maker. To emphasize the point, examine ...
bymbm`
... vision picture without a?ecting undesirably the l0 and to ground through a grid resistance H. magnitude of the anode voltage. When an at The anode l2 of the tube l is connected to an tempt is made to control picture size by increas ing or decreasing the horizontal driving current, 30 intermediate po ...
... vision picture without a?ecting undesirably the l0 and to ground through a grid resistance H. magnitude of the anode voltage. When an at The anode l2 of the tube l is connected to an tempt is made to control picture size by increas ing or decreasing the horizontal driving current, 30 intermediate po ...
oscilloscopes in electronic instrumentation
... applied to various grids are stated with respect to cathode, which is taken as common point). This negative control voltage can be made variable. Deflection System: When the electron beam is accelerated it passes through the deflection system, with which beam can be positioned anywhere on the screen ...
... applied to various grids are stated with respect to cathode, which is taken as common point). This negative control voltage can be made variable. Deflection System: When the electron beam is accelerated it passes through the deflection system, with which beam can be positioned anywhere on the screen ...
miniature x-ray tubes utilizing carbon-nanotube
... and reaching an emission current density greater than 1A/cm2 from a macroscopic cathode [5]. These properties make the CNTs attractive electron-field emitters for technological applications. The potential of using CNTs as the cold cathodes has been demonstrated in devices such as the field-emission ...
... and reaching an emission current density greater than 1A/cm2 from a macroscopic cathode [5]. These properties make the CNTs attractive electron-field emitters for technological applications. The potential of using CNTs as the cold cathodes has been demonstrated in devices such as the field-emission ...
Investigations with gas discharge tubes
... Streams of electrons (negatively charged particles) observed in vacuum tubes or discharge tubes (evacuated glass tubes that are equipped with at least two metal electrodes to which a high voltage is applied, a cathode or negative electrode and an anode or positive electrode). Discovered by Germa ...
... Streams of electrons (negatively charged particles) observed in vacuum tubes or discharge tubes (evacuated glass tubes that are equipped with at least two metal electrodes to which a high voltage is applied, a cathode or negative electrode and an anode or positive electrode). Discovered by Germa ...
The x-ray imaging system
... The power for the x-ray imaging system is delivered first to the autotransformer The autotransformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction It has one winding and one core There are a number of connections along its length ...
... The power for the x-ray imaging system is delivered first to the autotransformer The autotransformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction It has one winding and one core There are a number of connections along its length ...
Synopsis - Elecbits
... Gnd pin. The operating voltage of this LED’s is 2 to 3V but from controller we will get 5V so to drop the remaining voltage we have to connect a to g pins to the controller through the resistor. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: ...
... Gnd pin. The operating voltage of this LED’s is 2 to 3V but from controller we will get 5V so to drop the remaining voltage we have to connect a to g pins to the controller through the resistor. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: ...
Instructional Manual - FSU High Energy Physics
... atoms, exciting them from ground state to the first excitation state. But electrons themselves, transferring all energy to argon atoms, can’t overcome the reverse field. They are drawn back to the second grid even if some of them penetrated the second grid. So the plate current IA decreased obviousl ...
... atoms, exciting them from ground state to the first excitation state. But electrons themselves, transferring all energy to argon atoms, can’t overcome the reverse field. They are drawn back to the second grid even if some of them penetrated the second grid. So the plate current IA decreased obviousl ...
The Newest Generation of LED Tube
... SA8.19.2 One end (lamp base) of the device under test shall be connected to its intended source of supply while the other end (lamp base) of the device shall be considered accessible and shall be connected to the shock hazard measurement meter circuit and, in turn. The current shall not exceed 5 M.I ...
... SA8.19.2 One end (lamp base) of the device under test shall be connected to its intended source of supply while the other end (lamp base) of the device shall be considered accessible and shall be connected to the shock hazard measurement meter circuit and, in turn. The current shall not exceed 5 M.I ...
Vacuum tube
In electronics, vacuum tube, electron tube, tube (in North America), or valve (in Britain and some other regions) is a device that controls electric current between electrodes in an evacuated container.Vacuum tubes mostly rely on thermionic emission of electrons from a hot filament or a cathode heated by the filament. This type is called a thermionic tube or thermionic valve. A phototube, however, achieves electron emission through the photoelectric effect. Not all valves/electron tubes are evacuated ""vacuum tubes""; gas-filled tubes are similar devices containing a gas, typically at low pressure, which exploit phenomena related to electric discharge in gases, usually without a heater.The simplest vacuum tube, the diode, contains only a heater, a heated electron-emitting cathode (the filament itself acts as the cathode in some diodes), and a plate (anode). Current can only flow in one direction through the device between the two electrodes, as electrons emitted by the cathode travel through the tube and are collected by the anode. Adding one or more control grids within the tube allows the current between the cathode and anode to be controlled by the voltage on the grid or grids. Tubes with grids can be used for many purposes, including amplification, rectification, switching, oscillation, and display.Invented in 1904 by John Ambrose Fleming, vacuum tubes were a basic component for electronics throughout the first half of the twentieth century, which saw the diffusion of radio, television, radar, sound reinforcement, sound recording and reproduction, large telephone networks, analog and digital computers, and industrial process control. Although some applications had counterparts using earlier technologies such as the spark gap transmitter or mechanical computers, it was the invention of the vacuum tube that made these technologies widespread and practical.In the 1940s the invention of semiconductor devices made it possible to produce solid-state devices, which are smaller, more efficient, more reliable, more durable, and cheaper than tubes.Hence, from the mid-1950s solid-state devices such as transistors gradually replaced tubes. The cathode-ray tube (CRT) remained the basis for televisions and video monitors until superseded in the 21st century. However, there are still a few applications for which tubes are preferred to semiconductors; for example, the magnetron used in microwave ovens, and certain high frequency amplifiers.