The High Cost of Excessive Alcohol Consumption in
... net benefit to state and local government from increasing alcohol treatment rates in New Hampshire is large enough that if less than half of treatments are successful, the net benefits of treatment still exceed the public costs of increasing treatment rates. o Benefits of Increased Treatment Rates t ...
... net benefit to state and local government from increasing alcohol treatment rates in New Hampshire is large enough that if less than half of treatments are successful, the net benefits of treatment still exceed the public costs of increasing treatment rates. o Benefits of Increased Treatment Rates t ...
An essay on the labor theory of value
... men held sway before the publication in 1662 of William Petty1s Treatise of Taxes and Contributions. ...
... men held sway before the publication in 1662 of William Petty1s Treatise of Taxes and Contributions. ...
Social Security Spending in Times of Crisis
... dependency ratio (unemployment and ageing population) than with political variables. On the other hand, Hicks and Zorn (2005) argue that welfare policy reform and retrenchment has been driven by fiscal pressures due to the aging population and increased unemployment. The political explanation sugges ...
... dependency ratio (unemployment and ageing population) than with political variables. On the other hand, Hicks and Zorn (2005) argue that welfare policy reform and retrenchment has been driven by fiscal pressures due to the aging population and increased unemployment. The political explanation sugges ...
May 2007 by Alexander J. Field*
... legal rules that affect microeconomic decision making. These latter factors can be considered aspects of the supply side of the economy. Their introduction or removal could be considered a negative or positive supply shock. But although they represent contingent factors that may be part of an overal ...
... legal rules that affect microeconomic decision making. These latter factors can be considered aspects of the supply side of the economy. Their introduction or removal could be considered a negative or positive supply shock. But although they represent contingent factors that may be part of an overal ...
“Good Governance” in Monetary Policy and the Negative Real
... The empirical evidence concerning the performance of such countries under inflation targeting is limited, given the fact that in most of them the adoption of the framework is very recent. However, there is at this point a relatively large literature that discusses specific problems and challenges re ...
... The empirical evidence concerning the performance of such countries under inflation targeting is limited, given the fact that in most of them the adoption of the framework is very recent. However, there is at this point a relatively large literature that discusses specific problems and challenges re ...
An Aggregative Theory for a Closed Economy
... fall in response to open market purchases and tax increases. Open market operations induce larger changes in the price level than tax changes that transfer securities of equal value, but the effects on real balances are identical. Open market purchases raise the equilibrium price level; open market ...
... fall in response to open market purchases and tax increases. Open market operations induce larger changes in the price level than tax changes that transfer securities of equal value, but the effects on real balances are identical. Open market purchases raise the equilibrium price level; open market ...
limitations of the gdp as a measure of progress and well
... assumed that the monetary transactions increase well-being, i.e. that things are generally improving and progressing only because more money is being spent. Although incomes are an important component of development, they are not the only one: the wellbeing also includes social and personal elements ...
... assumed that the monetary transactions increase well-being, i.e. that things are generally improving and progressing only because more money is being spent. Although incomes are an important component of development, they are not the only one: the wellbeing also includes social and personal elements ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume
... benefits at the expense of policies with short-term costs but larger long-term gains. This short-term policy bias would make current generations better off at the expense of future ones. Even the FT measure, however, does not fully reflect this policy bias. For example, a strict pay-as-you-go financ ...
... benefits at the expense of policies with short-term costs but larger long-term gains. This short-term policy bias would make current generations better off at the expense of future ones. Even the FT measure, however, does not fully reflect this policy bias. For example, a strict pay-as-you-go financ ...
CENTRAL INSTITUTE FOR ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT CENTER
... pressures to level up salary. This in turn has impact to swell the price and contributes to a bigger inflation spiral. We could not unacknowledged the real detector of inflation that lies on the instability of rich economies, in which biggest responsibility is counted for America. The world biggest ...
... pressures to level up salary. This in turn has impact to swell the price and contributes to a bigger inflation spiral. We could not unacknowledged the real detector of inflation that lies on the instability of rich economies, in which biggest responsibility is counted for America. The world biggest ...
Measuring financial sector output and its
... as the UK economy as a whole. But there are many conceptual difficulties associated with measuring output in finance. This article describes the contribution of the financial sector to GDP and assesses the uncertainty around recent estimates. There is some evidence that financial services output gre ...
... as the UK economy as a whole. But there are many conceptual difficulties associated with measuring output in finance. This article describes the contribution of the financial sector to GDP and assesses the uncertainty around recent estimates. There is some evidence that financial services output gre ...
National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia Working Paper
... Dueker (2005) presented a new Qual VAR model by incorporating information from qualitative and/or discrete variables in vector autoregressions. With a Qual VAR, it is possible to create dynamic forecasts of the qualitative variable using standard VAR forecasts. Previous forecasting methods for quali ...
... Dueker (2005) presented a new Qual VAR model by incorporating information from qualitative and/or discrete variables in vector autoregressions. With a Qual VAR, it is possible to create dynamic forecasts of the qualitative variable using standard VAR forecasts. Previous forecasting methods for quali ...
Executive Summary
... political and economic reforms after decades of authoritarianism, a revived peace process is under way to address on-going ethnic conflicts and communal violence, and the foundations of an open market economy are being laid after years of isolation. There is everything to play for—but also a major r ...
... political and economic reforms after decades of authoritarianism, a revived peace process is under way to address on-going ethnic conflicts and communal violence, and the foundations of an open market economy are being laid after years of isolation. There is everything to play for—but also a major r ...
Journal of the European Economic Association
... the demands. The modern-day U.S. economy appears to be like this. However, . the economy is not necessarily operating at first–best levels. The imperfections . in financial contracting—in particular, the fact that θ is still appreciably below . unity—imply that agents with investment projects are st ...
... the demands. The modern-day U.S. economy appears to be like this. However, . the economy is not necessarily operating at first–best levels. The imperfections . in financial contracting—in particular, the fact that θ is still appreciably below . unity—imply that agents with investment projects are st ...
Chapter 14: Money, Banking, and the Fed
... Before there was money as we know it, there was barter. People in early societies developed forms of proto-money—the use of commodities that everyone agreed to accept in trade. Aztecs used cacao beans. Norwegians once used butter. The early U.S. colonists used tobacco leaves and animal hides (settle ...
... Before there was money as we know it, there was barter. People in early societies developed forms of proto-money—the use of commodities that everyone agreed to accept in trade. Aztecs used cacao beans. Norwegians once used butter. The early U.S. colonists used tobacco leaves and animal hides (settle ...
the main cash crop
... Intermediate consumption also appears quite limited at the trafficker level.4 In 2002-04 about 72% of Afghanistan's opium production is estimated to have been transformed into heroin in Afghanistan before being exported. The transformation process requires substantial amounts of chemicals (such as a ...
... Intermediate consumption also appears quite limited at the trafficker level.4 In 2002-04 about 72% of Afghanistan's opium production is estimated to have been transformed into heroin in Afghanistan before being exported. The transformation process requires substantial amounts of chemicals (such as a ...
The economic impact of the UK Maritime
... Indeed, the ports industry included local employment in both the ‘sea and coastal transport sector’ (part of the shipping industry) and the ‘non-life insurance’ sector (part of the maritime business services sector). To account for this, the employment and GVA attributed to those sectors were subtra ...
... Indeed, the ports industry included local employment in both the ‘sea and coastal transport sector’ (part of the shipping industry) and the ‘non-life insurance’ sector (part of the maritime business services sector). To account for this, the employment and GVA attributed to those sectors were subtra ...
09 - SCERT Kerala
... 'primary sector'. Agriculture is the most significant subcategory in the primary sector. Why do we call this sector 'primary'? • Activities are being undertaken by utilizing natural resources. • These activities are inevitable for the existence of human beings. When we analyse the production of good ...
... 'primary sector'. Agriculture is the most significant subcategory in the primary sector. Why do we call this sector 'primary'? • Activities are being undertaken by utilizing natural resources. • These activities are inevitable for the existence of human beings. When we analyse the production of good ...
Technology, Employment, and the Business Cycle: DO Technology
... unconditional second moments of key macroeconomic time series.1 The main argument can be summarized as follows: in order to match some key second moments of the data RBC economists must allow for multiple sources of fluctuations; with the latter, however, the model yields predictions that are strong ...
... unconditional second moments of key macroeconomic time series.1 The main argument can be summarized as follows: in order to match some key second moments of the data RBC economists must allow for multiple sources of fluctuations; with the latter, however, the model yields predictions that are strong ...
Living standards in China between 1840 and 1912
... macro studies. The macro and the sector approaches are intertwined in practice. For instance, the macro approach can be based on GDP estimates from sector studies. Table 1a includes the benchmark studies that Maddison employed in his estimation. The third study that we mention here is a recent recon ...
... macro studies. The macro and the sector approaches are intertwined in practice. For instance, the macro approach can be based on GDP estimates from sector studies. Table 1a includes the benchmark studies that Maddison employed in his estimation. The third study that we mention here is a recent recon ...
Design and Implementation of a Common Currency Area in the East
... been high over the decades since independence and various regional groupings have been formed. Those initiatives were stimulated by the generally small size of individual economies leading to a desire to exploit economies of scale in production and distribution, as well as having more influence on t ...
... been high over the decades since independence and various regional groupings have been formed. Those initiatives were stimulated by the generally small size of individual economies leading to a desire to exploit economies of scale in production and distribution, as well as having more influence on t ...