Thinking Like an Economist
... The Costs of Inflation Business collect bills more promptly, using resources that could otherwise have been used to produce goods and services. Individuals reduce money holdings, which is inconvenient and misallocates the individual’s personal resources of time, energy, and leisure. In the case ...
... The Costs of Inflation Business collect bills more promptly, using resources that could otherwise have been used to produce goods and services. Individuals reduce money holdings, which is inconvenient and misallocates the individual’s personal resources of time, energy, and leisure. In the case ...
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... that the Canadian tax and transfer system offsets 35 cents of each dollar by which incomes of Canadian regions differ from one another. ...
... that the Canadian tax and transfer system offsets 35 cents of each dollar by which incomes of Canadian regions differ from one another. ...
Globalization, economic restructuring and competitiveness in the
... Mexican Republic and has an area of 30628.17 km2 (1.6% of the country) and a population of 5, 486, 372 inhabitants in 2010 , and ranks as the sixth most populous entity nationally and seventh national economy, one of the major metropolitan areas of the country was formed, the Leon, which is comprise ...
... Mexican Republic and has an area of 30628.17 km2 (1.6% of the country) and a population of 5, 486, 372 inhabitants in 2010 , and ranks as the sixth most populous entity nationally and seventh national economy, one of the major metropolitan areas of the country was formed, the Leon, which is comprise ...
Asset Price Bubble in Japan in the 1980s: Lessons for Financial and
... The implied forward rate is the future interest rate estimated from market rates with a different timeto-maturity. For example, the implied forward rate for three years ahead gradually increased from June 1987. As the BOJ conducted a slightly tighter monetary operation from September 1987, it rose t ...
... The implied forward rate is the future interest rate estimated from market rates with a different timeto-maturity. For example, the implied forward rate for three years ahead gradually increased from June 1987. As the BOJ conducted a slightly tighter monetary operation from September 1987, it rose t ...
The Subprime Crisis - The University of Texas at Dallas
... and high corporate profits. We note the short-term agreement between Keynesians, Monetarists and Austrians, on the positive and non-neutral impact on economic activity and employment that such a policy generates (Ravier, 2010a, 2011a and 2011b). Because of artificially low interest rates, many firms ...
... and high corporate profits. We note the short-term agreement between Keynesians, Monetarists and Austrians, on the positive and non-neutral impact on economic activity and employment that such a policy generates (Ravier, 2010a, 2011a and 2011b). Because of artificially low interest rates, many firms ...
Is U.S. economic growth understated?
... The current economic recovery is almost seven years old. Officially, real GDP has averaged just 2.1% annualized growth, just above the Mendoza Line! However, what would this recovery look like if productivity had actually performed as suggested by the movement in the real wage rate? Chart 5 compares ...
... The current economic recovery is almost seven years old. Officially, real GDP has averaged just 2.1% annualized growth, just above the Mendoza Line! However, what would this recovery look like if productivity had actually performed as suggested by the movement in the real wage rate? Chart 5 compares ...
Fiscal Stimulus and Labor Market Policies in Europe!
... operating costs. Labor ‡ows are determined based on a labor selection process: at each point in time workers …le an application to the …rm, which then selects according to the realization of the operating cost. Hiring and …ring decisions are determined endogenously: the marginal worker is hired whe ...
... operating costs. Labor ‡ows are determined based on a labor selection process: at each point in time workers …le an application to the …rm, which then selects according to the realization of the operating cost. Hiring and …ring decisions are determined endogenously: the marginal worker is hired whe ...
Letaba Catchment: ECONOMICS – Scenario Evaluation
... 1) Employees working in establishments that employ less than five employees, who do not deduct income tax from their salaries/wages; and 2) Employers, own-account workers and persons helping unpaid Source: StatsSA ...
... 1) Employees working in establishments that employ less than five employees, who do not deduct income tax from their salaries/wages; and 2) Employers, own-account workers and persons helping unpaid Source: StatsSA ...
BNDES Highlights
... electric power, logistics and housing Opportunities for intensive strategies in innovation and social ...
... electric power, logistics and housing Opportunities for intensive strategies in innovation and social ...
The Economics of Monetary Unions
... fixed exchange rates were ended by severe financial crises and currency revaluations in the 1990s – the end of the Asian Tigers’ spectacular growth period and the “Tequila” crisis affecting Mexico. For the present purposes of analysis the proximate and ultimate causes of these financial crises is n ...
... fixed exchange rates were ended by severe financial crises and currency revaluations in the 1990s – the end of the Asian Tigers’ spectacular growth period and the “Tequila” crisis affecting Mexico. For the present purposes of analysis the proximate and ultimate causes of these financial crises is n ...
Social ecology, sustainability, and economics
... is the degree to which it attempts to describe the interaction between different systems. Social ecological analyses draw from Bourdieu's (1986) prescription for examining, not the system of different objects of study, but the relationships between and across these objects. To use an analogy based o ...
... is the degree to which it attempts to describe the interaction between different systems. Social ecological analyses draw from Bourdieu's (1986) prescription for examining, not the system of different objects of study, but the relationships between and across these objects. To use an analogy based o ...
Slide - Department of Economics Sciences Po
... • To avoid price-level instability, the government must: – Prevent substantial movements in aggregate demand relative to its full-employment level. – Ensure that the domestic money supply does not grow too quickly or too slowly. Slide 9-4 ...
... • To avoid price-level instability, the government must: – Prevent substantial movements in aggregate demand relative to its full-employment level. – Ensure that the domestic money supply does not grow too quickly or too slowly. Slide 9-4 ...
Veneto - CluStrat
... GDP per Veneto inhabitant estimated in 2012 was around 29,600 €, 15 % higher than the national value. However, we are far from pre-crisis values, according to 2014 estimates Veneto's GDP could reach 130,079 million €, i.e. return to 2003 levels. In 2014, GDP per inhabitant, while maintaining above t ...
... GDP per Veneto inhabitant estimated in 2012 was around 29,600 €, 15 % higher than the national value. However, we are far from pre-crisis values, according to 2014 estimates Veneto's GDP could reach 130,079 million €, i.e. return to 2003 levels. In 2014, GDP per inhabitant, while maintaining above t ...
View/Open
... rate. In addition, in our model the traditionally positive impact on economic activity from an expansive fiscal policy would be weakened by the contractionary effect from the impact of a deteriorated fiscal situation on country risk and consequently on domestic interest rates. In recent years it has ...
... rate. In addition, in our model the traditionally positive impact on economic activity from an expansive fiscal policy would be weakened by the contractionary effect from the impact of a deteriorated fiscal situation on country risk and consequently on domestic interest rates. In recent years it has ...
Modelling for monetary policy: the New Zealand experience
... the ability to incorporate uncertainty in a formal manner (eg through the use of fan charts). ...
... the ability to incorporate uncertainty in a formal manner (eg through the use of fan charts). ...
Ec305 Lecture 2 - University of Hong Kong
... Provincial level officials are controlled by the central government Municipality level officials are controlled by their upper provincial governments Nested personnel controls over all lower level regional officials Personal control as incentive instruments for the central government to lead The cen ...
... Provincial level officials are controlled by the central government Municipality level officials are controlled by their upper provincial governments Nested personnel controls over all lower level regional officials Personal control as incentive instruments for the central government to lead The cen ...
QUIZ 2: Macro – Winter 2002
... structural or frictional unemployment. This is technically a fine answer. I was testing to see if you knew there was no change in cyclical unemployment. As long as you said that, you will get full credit. 2. Uncertain, if the economy is bound by a minimum wage law, the unemployment rate would actual ...
... structural or frictional unemployment. This is technically a fine answer. I was testing to see if you knew there was no change in cyclical unemployment. As long as you said that, you will get full credit. 2. Uncertain, if the economy is bound by a minimum wage law, the unemployment rate would actual ...
Real GDP
... GDP Nominal vs. Real GDP Nominal GDP – total production valued at current prices (current meaning the year in consideration) !! Not only the level of output but also the price levels change from one year to another. Real GDP – Actual value of goods and services produced which is net of price changes ...
... GDP Nominal vs. Real GDP Nominal GDP – total production valued at current prices (current meaning the year in consideration) !! Not only the level of output but also the price levels change from one year to another. Real GDP – Actual value of goods and services produced which is net of price changes ...
REAL%THEORY%OF%THE%PRICE%LEVEL% Background%
... that inflation may begin to rise above its 2 percent target, the Fed will start to raise rates toward their historic average levels. A higher federal funds rate generally raises all interest rates, including those on U.S. treasuries. The money-only view sets aside this fiscal implication of higher i ...
... that inflation may begin to rise above its 2 percent target, the Fed will start to raise rates toward their historic average levels. A higher federal funds rate generally raises all interest rates, including those on U.S. treasuries. The money-only view sets aside this fiscal implication of higher i ...
The Austerity Delusion
... year. Trying to get the lower end of the income distribution to pay the price of austerity through cuts in public spending is both cruel and mathematically difficult. Those who can pay won’t, while those who can’t pay are being asked to do so. The second factor is compositional; everybody cannot cut ...
... year. Trying to get the lower end of the income distribution to pay the price of austerity through cuts in public spending is both cruel and mathematically difficult. Those who can pay won’t, while those who can’t pay are being asked to do so. The second factor is compositional; everybody cannot cut ...
101130 New Vision of Central Banks - Bankovní institut
... The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has for many years provided the Financial Sector Assessment Programs (FSAPs). In line with the FSAPs, the IMF has offered a unique experience in providing technical assistance for its member countries. The FSAPs, with a high quality of technical assistance, will ...
... The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has for many years provided the Financial Sector Assessment Programs (FSAPs). In line with the FSAPs, the IMF has offered a unique experience in providing technical assistance for its member countries. The FSAPs, with a high quality of technical assistance, will ...
I. Introduction to basic economic problems
... Individuals specialize and trade with each other rather than producing all the goods and services they wish to consume for themselves. Most people sell their labour and buy goods and services. Nations also specialize and trade with each other. Trade permits higher levels of consumption than self-suf ...
... Individuals specialize and trade with each other rather than producing all the goods and services they wish to consume for themselves. Most people sell their labour and buy goods and services. Nations also specialize and trade with each other. Trade permits higher levels of consumption than self-suf ...
Sticky Wage, Efficiency Wage, and Keynesian Unemployment*
... I begin my analyses by noting that workers will change their efforts endogenously in response to unexpected negative shocks. This argument is based on the fundamental insight of the efficiency wage theory that workers’ effort is determined by the unemployment rate and the real wage rate. (For exampl ...
... I begin my analyses by noting that workers will change their efforts endogenously in response to unexpected negative shocks. This argument is based on the fundamental insight of the efficiency wage theory that workers’ effort is determined by the unemployment rate and the real wage rate. (For exampl ...