The French Economy, European Authorities, and the IMF: “Structural
... At the end of 2016, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in France was almost unchanged from 10 years earlier, representing an entire lost decade in terms of the potential for increasing average living standards.1 Perhaps even more importantly, unemployment averaged 9.1 percent over the decade, a ...
... At the end of 2016, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in France was almost unchanged from 10 years earlier, representing an entire lost decade in terms of the potential for increasing average living standards.1 Perhaps even more importantly, unemployment averaged 9.1 percent over the decade, a ...
The Rise and Fall of Radical Political Economy in the United States
... in 1974 to provide clear economic explanations to readers not economically trained. Their publications are also widely used for teaching by RPE academics. The Institute for Women’s Policy Research was founded to provide research-based results for intervention into both public policy debates and acad ...
... in 1974 to provide clear economic explanations to readers not economically trained. Their publications are also widely used for teaching by RPE academics. The Institute for Women’s Policy Research was founded to provide research-based results for intervention into both public policy debates and acad ...
Monetary Policy, Part 2
... • On the demand side, the credit channel can be observed by noting that the spending of consumers and small firms is more sensitive to monetary policy than the spending of large firms. – Consumers and small firms are financially riskier than large firms, so when monetary policy tightens they’re more ...
... • On the demand side, the credit channel can be observed by noting that the spending of consumers and small firms is more sensitive to monetary policy than the spending of large firms. – Consumers and small firms are financially riskier than large firms, so when monetary policy tightens they’re more ...
analysis of the competitive leverage of protective tariffs
... government, a tariff effectively gives a competitive edge to domestic (importcompeting) producers of similar goods. This paper explores the ultimate impact of a tariff regarding whether or not it actually “protects” workers’ jobs and economic well-being. It examines whether or not the kind of compet ...
... government, a tariff effectively gives a competitive edge to domestic (importcompeting) producers of similar goods. This paper explores the ultimate impact of a tariff regarding whether or not it actually “protects” workers’ jobs and economic well-being. It examines whether or not the kind of compet ...
UNDERGROUND ECONOMY AND FISCAL POLICIES MODELING*
... The first approach considers a detailed structure by activities of the underground economy as following: 1 - penal activities that comprise transfers (flights, defrauds to insurance, scythe - currency, swindles, etc.), production and distribution of goods (drugs, pornography, etc.), production and ...
... The first approach considers a detailed structure by activities of the underground economy as following: 1 - penal activities that comprise transfers (flights, defrauds to insurance, scythe - currency, swindles, etc.), production and distribution of goods (drugs, pornography, etc.), production and ...
Christina D. Romer Teach-In 0n the Great Depression and World
... this second recession, but studies suggest it was an important contributor. 6 So that is another piece of evidence from the 1930s that fiscal policy matters. Finally, I should mention the obvious impact of World War II. One of the notions that I often try to fight against is that World War II ended ...
... this second recession, but studies suggest it was an important contributor. 6 So that is another piece of evidence from the 1930s that fiscal policy matters. Finally, I should mention the obvious impact of World War II. One of the notions that I often try to fight against is that World War II ended ...
Real GDP
... In the first year the price of the chocolate bar was $1 If the price of the chocolate bar rose to $2 , and it was the only output of the economy, it would appear that the GDP doubled. In reality however, we are still producing only one chocolate bar; the only reason GDP has increased is because the ...
... In the first year the price of the chocolate bar was $1 If the price of the chocolate bar rose to $2 , and it was the only output of the economy, it would appear that the GDP doubled. In reality however, we are still producing only one chocolate bar; the only reason GDP has increased is because the ...
Ch. 9: Handout Answers
... - If the values of all products final and intermediate -were included in the GDP calculations, we might have the problem of double - counting: adding to GDP the same item at different stages in its production, causing estimates of GDP to be too high and not reflect the real activity in the economy. ...
... - If the values of all products final and intermediate -were included in the GDP calculations, we might have the problem of double - counting: adding to GDP the same item at different stages in its production, causing estimates of GDP to be too high and not reflect the real activity in the economy. ...
Chapter 26: Macroeconomic Issues and Policy
... • The stock market crash of 1987 did not result in a recession in 1988 because households and business firms did not lower their expectations drastically. • Because the initial decrease in wealth turned out to be temporary, the negative wealth effect was not nearly as large as it otherwise would hav ...
... • The stock market crash of 1987 did not result in a recession in 1988 because households and business firms did not lower their expectations drastically. • Because the initial decrease in wealth turned out to be temporary, the negative wealth effect was not nearly as large as it otherwise would hav ...
Theoretical Section
... The structuralist theory of economics generated a certain number of concepts that we think are highly valuable as theoretical tools in order to categorize economic phenomena, specifically in our case. We have accepted the ideas from the structuralist thoughts after having put them into question, tha ...
... The structuralist theory of economics generated a certain number of concepts that we think are highly valuable as theoretical tools in order to categorize economic phenomena, specifically in our case. We have accepted the ideas from the structuralist thoughts after having put them into question, tha ...
Krugman`s Chapter 31 PPT
... Under the Taylor rule for monetary policy, the target interest rate rises when there is inflation, or a positive output gap, or both; the target interest rate falls when inflation is low or negative, or when the output gap is negative, or both. Some central banks engage in inflation targeting, which ...
... Under the Taylor rule for monetary policy, the target interest rate rises when there is inflation, or a positive output gap, or both; the target interest rate falls when inflation is low or negative, or when the output gap is negative, or both. Some central banks engage in inflation targeting, which ...
Did Greenspan Deserve Support for Another Term?
... What has this got to do with monetary policy? Like gold, U.S dollars have value only to the extent that they are strictly limited in supply. But the U.S. government has a technology, called a printing press (or, today, its electronic equivalent), that allows it to produce as many U.S. dollars as it ...
... What has this got to do with monetary policy? Like gold, U.S dollars have value only to the extent that they are strictly limited in supply. But the U.S. government has a technology, called a printing press (or, today, its electronic equivalent), that allows it to produce as many U.S. dollars as it ...
Standard 5 Notes Continued…
... People or Group A family, who just took out a mortgage on their new home (and they do not have a fixed rate mortgage) Landlords, who own a home that is fully paid off that they currently rent out to other people. Lily, who was given a bond to pay for college from her grandparents. When Lily was 5 ye ...
... People or Group A family, who just took out a mortgage on their new home (and they do not have a fixed rate mortgage) Landlords, who own a home that is fully paid off that they currently rent out to other people. Lily, who was given a bond to pay for college from her grandparents. When Lily was 5 ye ...
Lecture 1 - Har Wai Mun
... Microeconomics studies the economics activities of economic decision-making units that included individuals, households and firms. It concerned about the behavior and interaction of those units in the market. Macroeconomics studies the behavior of economics aggregates or the economy as a whole. Thus ...
... Microeconomics studies the economics activities of economic decision-making units that included individuals, households and firms. It concerned about the behavior and interaction of those units in the market. Macroeconomics studies the behavior of economics aggregates or the economy as a whole. Thus ...
The end of laissez-faire - Dr. Günther Karl Chaloupek
... concentration, Keynes paid little attention to structures of competition among firms and their changes over time in his later writings. Keynes also gives only few general indications what the remedies would be. His most general conclusion is that the institutions of society must accept responsibilit ...
... concentration, Keynes paid little attention to structures of competition among firms and their changes over time in his later writings. Keynes also gives only few general indications what the remedies would be. His most general conclusion is that the institutions of society must accept responsibilit ...
1 An Alternative Stability and Growth Pact for the European Union
... GDP would have to ensure that the 3 per cent limit is not breached during economic slowdown; and hence that the average deficit during the course of the business cycle would have to be much lower than 3 per cent of GDP. A country’s budgetary data become available for the Commission to scrutinise on ...
... GDP would have to ensure that the 3 per cent limit is not breached during economic slowdown; and hence that the average deficit during the course of the business cycle would have to be much lower than 3 per cent of GDP. A country’s budgetary data become available for the Commission to scrutinise on ...
Response to the ITEP critique of the BHI STAMP model
... ITEP: STAMP also assumes that consumers will quickly and dramatically shift their consumption toward out-of-state goods and services if prices in their own state rise as a result of a tax increase. This assumption is very loosely based on a pair of studies published over two decades ago that relied ...
... ITEP: STAMP also assumes that consumers will quickly and dramatically shift their consumption toward out-of-state goods and services if prices in their own state rise as a result of a tax increase. This assumption is very loosely based on a pair of studies published over two decades ago that relied ...
In search of relevance
... “A new basket for the CPI in the making” Aim: The CPI measures price changes as experienced by consumers over time IES 2005 results key input into new weights for CPI basket Currently running parallel sample on new products New weights will be published by June 2008 Communication: move from old to n ...
... “A new basket for the CPI in the making” Aim: The CPI measures price changes as experienced by consumers over time IES 2005 results key input into new weights for CPI basket Currently running parallel sample on new products New weights will be published by June 2008 Communication: move from old to n ...
Sample
... resources are equally efficient in producing both products. c) A concave production possibilities curve: since it has an increasing slope, as the production of one of the products increases, the rate of change between the two products increases. The opportunity cost of switching from producing one p ...
... resources are equally efficient in producing both products. c) A concave production possibilities curve: since it has an increasing slope, as the production of one of the products increases, the rate of change between the two products increases. The opportunity cost of switching from producing one p ...
Nowotny - Bank of Greece
... Capital measures: EUR 15 billion to strengthen capital base of Austrian banks Agreed capital measures amount to EUR 6.9 billion (paid out: EUR 4.7 billion): HGAA: EUR 900 million participation capital Erste Group: EUR 2.7 billion participation capital (+ hybrid capital) RZB: EUR 1.75 billion p ...
... Capital measures: EUR 15 billion to strengthen capital base of Austrian banks Agreed capital measures amount to EUR 6.9 billion (paid out: EUR 4.7 billion): HGAA: EUR 900 million participation capital Erste Group: EUR 2.7 billion participation capital (+ hybrid capital) RZB: EUR 1.75 billion p ...
Italian Circuitist Approach
... recalled, the theory would lead to a model of the economy with the double features of a “barter economy” (money has no significant function) and of a “cooperative economy” (agents take production decisions together and share the final product); 2) firms pay money wages in advance. It is evident tha ...
... recalled, the theory would lead to a model of the economy with the double features of a “barter economy” (money has no significant function) and of a “cooperative economy” (agents take production decisions together and share the final product); 2) firms pay money wages in advance. It is evident tha ...
nal Review Question Sheet.
... v)If the government would peg down the FX so that it does not move, this is called ‘Fixed Exchange Rate Policy’. How can the government achieve the pegging of the FX rate in the financial/FX market? the government create Supply or Demand of FX in order to defuse the pressure on S? ...
... v)If the government would peg down the FX so that it does not move, this is called ‘Fixed Exchange Rate Policy’. How can the government achieve the pegging of the FX rate in the financial/FX market? the government create Supply or Demand of FX in order to defuse the pressure on S? ...