The evolution of the Maltese economy since independence
... 3. Prices and costs The volatility of economic activity in Malta is also reflected in the degree of price movements. As can be seen in Chart 3, though it averaged just over 2%, retail price inflation fluctuated substantially in the 1960s and early 1970s, with three cases of negative inflation. Chan ...
... 3. Prices and costs The volatility of economic activity in Malta is also reflected in the degree of price movements. As can be seen in Chart 3, though it averaged just over 2%, retail price inflation fluctuated substantially in the 1960s and early 1970s, with three cases of negative inflation. Chan ...
Central bank deficit financing in a constrained fiscal space
... Finance (2015) reveal that, the share of interest payment on debt in overall government expenditure has grown from 8.5% in 2008 to 23.2% as at September 2015, and domestic debt takes a substantial amount of this. Given this fact, it may be useful for government to curb its borrowing requirement, and ...
... Finance (2015) reveal that, the share of interest payment on debt in overall government expenditure has grown from 8.5% in 2008 to 23.2% as at September 2015, and domestic debt takes a substantial amount of this. Given this fact, it may be useful for government to curb its borrowing requirement, and ...
Neoliberalism, Globalization, Financialization
... had been based breaks down. There follows a complex set of conflicts, proposals, innovations, and arguments, out of which something new eventually emerges. This paper is organized as follows. First the paper examines the dominant economic ideas and institutions that emerged in the late 1970s through ...
... had been based breaks down. There follows a complex set of conflicts, proposals, innovations, and arguments, out of which something new eventually emerges. This paper is organized as follows. First the paper examines the dominant economic ideas and institutions that emerged in the late 1970s through ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Richard Clarida
... and illustrate concretely how short run tradeoff considerations enhance the desirability of flexible exchange rates. The strict isomorphism result, however, breaks down when we allow for the possibility of international monetary coordination. There are potentially gains from cooperation within our fr ...
... and illustrate concretely how short run tradeoff considerations enhance the desirability of flexible exchange rates. The strict isomorphism result, however, breaks down when we allow for the possibility of international monetary coordination. There are potentially gains from cooperation within our fr ...
The AD-AS Model and Fiscal Policy
... Individuals, as individuals, are often not prepared to increase their spending during a recession. ...
... Individuals, as individuals, are often not prepared to increase their spending during a recession. ...
Monetary Policy Statement
... fiscal policy environment. However, overall inflation remained in the upper bound of the medium-term target of 5 percent during the period. Specifically, it declined from 7.15 percent in December 2013 to 6.27 percent in March 2014 but increased gradually thereafter to 7.39 percent in June 2014. The ...
... fiscal policy environment. However, overall inflation remained in the upper bound of the medium-term target of 5 percent during the period. Specifically, it declined from 7.15 percent in December 2013 to 6.27 percent in March 2014 but increased gradually thereafter to 7.39 percent in June 2014. The ...
Presentación de Kozo Kunimune, en inglés (pdf, 138 Kb.)
... If the deterioration of balance sheets are caused by some macroeconomic (i.e. economy wide) shock and occurred in many firms at the same time, it becomes new source of adverse macroeconomic shock and a vicious circle begins to roll. This is the macroeconomic consequence of NPL problem. The economics ...
... If the deterioration of balance sheets are caused by some macroeconomic (i.e. economy wide) shock and occurred in many firms at the same time, it becomes new source of adverse macroeconomic shock and a vicious circle begins to roll. This is the macroeconomic consequence of NPL problem. The economics ...
Globalization Dynamics in Latin America: South Cone and Iberian
... are income concentration and great social exclusion. With the slider exception of Brazil, government’s universalistic policies do not top these growing problems, which are been thought by some as the new form of growth whose characters are still not defined.5 In a Latin American historical perspecti ...
... are income concentration and great social exclusion. With the slider exception of Brazil, government’s universalistic policies do not top these growing problems, which are been thought by some as the new form of growth whose characters are still not defined.5 In a Latin American historical perspecti ...
Why are we in a recession?
... twentieth century accelerated the globalization process tremendously. The impact of globalization is a sharp increase in the developed world’s labor supply. Labor in developing countries – countries with vast pool of grossly underemployed people – can now compete with labor in the developed world wi ...
... twentieth century accelerated the globalization process tremendously. The impact of globalization is a sharp increase in the developed world’s labor supply. Labor in developing countries – countries with vast pool of grossly underemployed people – can now compete with labor in the developed world wi ...
Monetary Policy - Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
... it borrows (by selling Treasury bills, notes, and bonds) to pay its expenses. When it has a surplus, it repays previously issued debt. Changes in taxes or government spending enacted by Congress (referred to as fiscal policy) will alter the size of the surplus or deficit and can also affect the leve ...
... it borrows (by selling Treasury bills, notes, and bonds) to pay its expenses. When it has a surplus, it repays previously issued debt. Changes in taxes or government spending enacted by Congress (referred to as fiscal policy) will alter the size of the surplus or deficit and can also affect the leve ...
1 - Whitman People
... The graph above shows that the public's effort to save more does not materialize in the end. The reason is that the initial increase in saving (or reduction in consumption) has a negative effect on aggregate output through the force of the multiplier. With a lower level of output the economy cannot ...
... The graph above shows that the public's effort to save more does not materialize in the end. The reason is that the initial increase in saving (or reduction in consumption) has a negative effect on aggregate output through the force of the multiplier. With a lower level of output the economy cannot ...
White Box : Potential Output of the Malaysian Economy
... In 2011, the analysis of potential output and the output gap revealed three key observations. First, latest estimates indicate that the Malaysian economy was operating close to its potential despite the challenging external economic environment. In tandem, labour market conditions were favourable wh ...
... In 2011, the analysis of potential output and the output gap revealed three key observations. First, latest estimates indicate that the Malaysian economy was operating close to its potential despite the challenging external economic environment. In tandem, labour market conditions were favourable wh ...
An Economy For the 1%
... Rising economic inequality also compounds existing inequalities. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) recently found that countries with higher income inequality also tend to have larger gaps between women and men in terms of health, education, labour market participation, and representation in in ...
... Rising economic inequality also compounds existing inequalities. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) recently found that countries with higher income inequality also tend to have larger gaps between women and men in terms of health, education, labour market participation, and representation in in ...
S024285_en.pdf
... considered a profitless excursion. Normally, one can take for granted the existence of a functioning system of transactions based on the circulation of the national currency and (perhaps with less emphasis), it can be assumed that the broad features of the financial sector will remain under the cete ...
... considered a profitless excursion. Normally, one can take for granted the existence of a functioning system of transactions based on the circulation of the national currency and (perhaps with less emphasis), it can be assumed that the broad features of the financial sector will remain under the cete ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WITH FIRMS AND HOUSEHOLDS Andrew Haughwout Robert P. Jnman
... on cross-border shopping; see, for example, Walsh and Jones (1988) and most recently Goolsbee (1999) for evidence. Alternatively, in our model residents are free to (costlessly) leave the city when the sales tax is increased. Implicit in this specification of the household budget constraint are four ...
... on cross-border shopping; see, for example, Walsh and Jones (1988) and most recently Goolsbee (1999) for evidence. Alternatively, in our model residents are free to (costlessly) leave the city when the sales tax is increased. Implicit in this specification of the household budget constraint are four ...
executive summary - National Association of Wholesaler
... stabilize and protect their businesses. For some distributors, this was their first time taking such action, and for many it highlighted gaps in their ability to target underperformers, identify high-potential employees, and align workforce-related decisions with their business strategy. If they hav ...
... stabilize and protect their businesses. For some distributors, this was their first time taking such action, and for many it highlighted gaps in their ability to target underperformers, identify high-potential employees, and align workforce-related decisions with their business strategy. If they hav ...
An Examination of the Most Recent Economic Cycle from an Arid
... The most important contributions to business cycle study in the last century were made by Wesley C. Mitchell and by Joseph Schumpeter. Mitchell, who founded the National Bureau of Economic Research, primarily contributed to the empirical study of business cycles and felt that advancements in empiric ...
... The most important contributions to business cycle study in the last century were made by Wesley C. Mitchell and by Joseph Schumpeter. Mitchell, who founded the National Bureau of Economic Research, primarily contributed to the empirical study of business cycles and felt that advancements in empiric ...
Fulltext: english,
... negative commodity prices shocks during recent financial crises can be considered as the key factors that led to significant welfare losses and poverty increase in Russia, while positive shocks have counter effects during before the crises period (World Bank, 2008; Cerami, 2009). Commodity pricing m ...
... negative commodity prices shocks during recent financial crises can be considered as the key factors that led to significant welfare losses and poverty increase in Russia, while positive shocks have counter effects during before the crises period (World Bank, 2008; Cerami, 2009). Commodity pricing m ...
Ch. 12: Economic Fluctuations (Handout)
... output produced in the economy Aggregate supply schedule: the relationship between the general price level and real output expressed in a table Aggregate supply curve: the relationship between the general price level and real output expressed on a graph Aggregate supply factors: variables that chang ...
... output produced in the economy Aggregate supply schedule: the relationship between the general price level and real output expressed in a table Aggregate supply curve: the relationship between the general price level and real output expressed on a graph Aggregate supply factors: variables that chang ...