Inflation
... hurting both consumers and businesses. By causing price increases throughout an economy, rising oil prices take money out of the pockets of consumers and businesses. Economists therefore view oil price hikes as a “tax,” in effect, that can depress an already weak economy. Surges in oil prices were f ...
... hurting both consumers and businesses. By causing price increases throughout an economy, rising oil prices take money out of the pockets of consumers and businesses. Economists therefore view oil price hikes as a “tax,” in effect, that can depress an already weak economy. Surges in oil prices were f ...
T S I
... of the relationship between money growth rates and inflation (New Zealand and Canada) or because of the disappointment following the use of exchange rates as an intermediate target (United Kingdom, Sweden and Finland).1 In practice central banks can only affect inflation imperfectly and after a cons ...
... of the relationship between money growth rates and inflation (New Zealand and Canada) or because of the disappointment following the use of exchange rates as an intermediate target (United Kingdom, Sweden and Finland).1 In practice central banks can only affect inflation imperfectly and after a cons ...
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF)
... gains, and by extension, leading to economic growth. At an extreme end, some authors find no causal relationship between the two series. So many researchers have looked at single country effect of export on economic growth, while there are also substantial authors who have examined cross-country emp ...
... gains, and by extension, leading to economic growth. At an extreme end, some authors find no causal relationship between the two series. So many researchers have looked at single country effect of export on economic growth, while there are also substantial authors who have examined cross-country emp ...
the Powerpoint file
... moves contemporaneously with the cycle while the much larger nontransaction component (M2) leads the cycle suggests that credit arrangements could play a significant role in future business cycle theory. • Introducing money and credit into growth theory in a way that accounts for the cyclical behavi ...
... moves contemporaneously with the cycle while the much larger nontransaction component (M2) leads the cycle suggests that credit arrangements could play a significant role in future business cycle theory. • Introducing money and credit into growth theory in a way that accounts for the cyclical behavi ...
DP2006/01 Phillips curve forecasting in a small open economy Troy Matheson March 2006
... However, when β (L) and δ (L) = 0 and γ(1), our null and alternative models are the same – the models are nested. In this situation, the distribution of dt is nonstandard (Clark and McCracken 2001). Thus far, the distribution theory related to testing mean squared forecast error (MSFE) differences i ...
... However, when β (L) and δ (L) = 0 and γ(1), our null and alternative models are the same – the models are nested. In this situation, the distribution of dt is nonstandard (Clark and McCracken 2001). Thus far, the distribution theory related to testing mean squared forecast error (MSFE) differences i ...
Reserve Bank of New Zealand Analytical Notes
... The current recovery is much more gradual than those of the previous two recessions. New Zealand’s GDP and employment growth have been subdued, especially when compared with the recoveries from the 1991-92 and 1997-98 recessions (figure 1). The unemployment rate is virtually unchanged since late 200 ...
... The current recovery is much more gradual than those of the previous two recessions. New Zealand’s GDP and employment growth have been subdued, especially when compared with the recoveries from the 1991-92 and 1997-98 recessions (figure 1). The unemployment rate is virtually unchanged since late 200 ...
1 Economics 102 Summer 2015 Answers to Homework #5 Due
... a. In the short-run the AD curve will shift to the right and there will be a movement along the short-run AS curve: real GDP will increase beyond Yfe to Y2 and the aggregate price level will rise from P1 to P2. In the long-run the short-run AS curve will shift to the left due to higher wages (since ...
... a. In the short-run the AD curve will shift to the right and there will be a movement along the short-run AS curve: real GDP will increase beyond Yfe to Y2 and the aggregate price level will rise from P1 to P2. In the long-run the short-run AS curve will shift to the left due to higher wages (since ...
1 - Hans-Böckler
... bank simply makes electronic book entries that either credit the government’s account with the central bank or the accounts of commercial banks with the central bank. In both operations the central bank issues high powered money to cover the deficit. ...
... bank simply makes electronic book entries that either credit the government’s account with the central bank or the accounts of commercial banks with the central bank. In both operations the central bank issues high powered money to cover the deficit. ...
Influence of Monetary Policy on Aggregate Demand
... c. the price level and real GDP would fall, but in the long run they would both be unaffected. d. the price level and real GDP would fall, but in the long run the price level would fall and real GDP would be unaffected. ANSWER: b. the price level and real GDP would rise, but in the long run the pric ...
... c. the price level and real GDP would fall, but in the long run they would both be unaffected. d. the price level and real GDP would fall, but in the long run the price level would fall and real GDP would be unaffected. ANSWER: b. the price level and real GDP would rise, but in the long run the pric ...
1. O verview
... net exports were the main contributor to growth. Thus, the current account balance improved substantially in 2014. Data released for the first quarter of 2015 point to a loss of pace in economic activity driven by both domestic and external demand. Following the sluggish first quarter, economic acti ...
... net exports were the main contributor to growth. Thus, the current account balance improved substantially in 2014. Data released for the first quarter of 2015 point to a loss of pace in economic activity driven by both domestic and external demand. Following the sluggish first quarter, economic acti ...
Document
... Buchanan’s Public Choice Theory adds political content to concept of individual decision-making ...
... Buchanan’s Public Choice Theory adds political content to concept of individual decision-making ...
Some lessons from the financial crisis for the economic analysis
... particularly linked to declining prospects for the housing market and the general macroeconomic outlook. The latter was also a key factor behind the tighter funding conditions faced by firms, albeit being reinforced by industry and firmspecific considerations as well as the high costs associated wit ...
... particularly linked to declining prospects for the housing market and the general macroeconomic outlook. The latter was also a key factor behind the tighter funding conditions faced by firms, albeit being reinforced by industry and firmspecific considerations as well as the high costs associated wit ...
2014 Hyperinflation Report—Great Economic Tumble
... Anecdotally and as suggested by national polling, however, a broad economic recovery has not been recognized widely by the general public. Historically, such a circumstance is a solid indicator that something is wrong with the official numbers. Further, as discussed in Chapter 8, the underlying econ ...
... Anecdotally and as suggested by national polling, however, a broad economic recovery has not been recognized widely by the general public. Historically, such a circumstance is a solid indicator that something is wrong with the official numbers. Further, as discussed in Chapter 8, the underlying econ ...
Cumulative Causation in a Structural Economic Dynamic Approach
... Pasinetti’s model is distinguished by its focus on economic growth from supply and demand side simultaneously rendering the model capable of performing an analysis of structural change in a multi-sector economy. In this model, exogenous technological progress increases real per capita income through ...
... Pasinetti’s model is distinguished by its focus on economic growth from supply and demand side simultaneously rendering the model capable of performing an analysis of structural change in a multi-sector economy. In this model, exogenous technological progress increases real per capita income through ...
The Multiplier Effect
... • MPS (marginal propensity to save) is one of the ways new income can leak from the circular flow. • MPT (marginal propensity to tax) represents how much of new income must be paid in taxes • MPI (marginal propensity to import) represents how much of new income will be spent on imports ...
... • MPS (marginal propensity to save) is one of the ways new income can leak from the circular flow. • MPT (marginal propensity to tax) represents how much of new income must be paid in taxes • MPI (marginal propensity to import) represents how much of new income will be spent on imports ...
Assessing the impact of austerity in the Greek economy: A sectoral
... A core idea of the adjustment programmes imposed in Greece is that front-loaded austerity is crucial for restoring fiscal balance and long-term debt sustainability. Being an element of the so-called ‘Frankfurt-Brussels’ consensus (Sapir and van de Noord, 2004) and a keystone of the EMU’s fiscal regi ...
... A core idea of the adjustment programmes imposed in Greece is that front-loaded austerity is crucial for restoring fiscal balance and long-term debt sustainability. Being an element of the so-called ‘Frankfurt-Brussels’ consensus (Sapir and van de Noord, 2004) and a keystone of the EMU’s fiscal regi ...