Chapter 15: Genes and How They Work
... To find out how a eukaryotic cell uses its DNA to direct the production of particular proteins, you must first ask where in the cell the proteins are made. We can answer this question by placing cells in a medium containing radioactively labeled amino acids for a short time. The cells will take up t ...
... To find out how a eukaryotic cell uses its DNA to direct the production of particular proteins, you must first ask where in the cell the proteins are made. We can answer this question by placing cells in a medium containing radioactively labeled amino acids for a short time. The cells will take up t ...
Chapter Fifteen: The Genetic Code and Translation
... subunit interact with tRNAs at both the “A” and the “P” sites. The association of the large and small subunits of the ribosome is potentially the result of interactions between the 16S rRNA of the small subunit and the 23S rRNA of the large subunit. 13. What are some types of posttranslational modif ...
... subunit interact with tRNAs at both the “A” and the “P” sites. The association of the large and small subunits of the ribosome is potentially the result of interactions between the 16S rRNA of the small subunit and the 23S rRNA of the large subunit. 13. What are some types of posttranslational modif ...
Genetics BIOL 335 Optional Worksheet 1 solutions 1
... Assume that the bottom strand is the template strand used by RNA polymerase. c. What is the transcribed RNA sequence? If the bottom strand is the template, that means the transcribed RNA is complementary to it. Since polymerases synthesize in a 5'->3' direction, this means the polymerase is moving t ...
... Assume that the bottom strand is the template strand used by RNA polymerase. c. What is the transcribed RNA sequence? If the bottom strand is the template, that means the transcribed RNA is complementary to it. Since polymerases synthesize in a 5'->3' direction, this means the polymerase is moving t ...
Chapter 10
... A.) Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules match an amino acid to its corresponding mRNA codon – tRNA structure allows it to convert one language to the other ...
... A.) Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules match an amino acid to its corresponding mRNA codon – tRNA structure allows it to convert one language to the other ...
Final Review Answer Key - Mercer Island School District
... The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP (the energy currency of the cell). Glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) are the reactants in the overall reaction. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are the products. The energy released in the process is used to create ATP (from ADP + P). 2. Des ...
... The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP (the energy currency of the cell). Glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) are the reactants in the overall reaction. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are the products. The energy released in the process is used to create ATP (from ADP + P). 2. Des ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿
... It represents a single amino acid, to which it is covalently linked. It contains a trinucleotide sequence, the anticodon, which is complementary to the codon representing its amino acid. The anticodon enables the tRNA to recognize the codon via complementary base pairing. All tRNAs have common s ...
... It represents a single amino acid, to which it is covalently linked. It contains a trinucleotide sequence, the anticodon, which is complementary to the codon representing its amino acid. The anticodon enables the tRNA to recognize the codon via complementary base pairing. All tRNAs have common s ...
GENETIC CODE
... •Wobble hypothesis proposed by Dr. F. H. C. Crick (1965) •Third base of the codon is not important •The specificity of the codon is determined by first two bases •Same t RNA can recognise more than one codon UCX, UAA, UUG (Leu) By Same t RNA •This phenomenon is responsible for evolution of genetic c ...
... •Wobble hypothesis proposed by Dr. F. H. C. Crick (1965) •Third base of the codon is not important •The specificity of the codon is determined by first two bases •Same t RNA can recognise more than one codon UCX, UAA, UUG (Leu) By Same t RNA •This phenomenon is responsible for evolution of genetic c ...
Clicker Review-DNAProtein Syn Mutation
... 3. Nucleic Acids 4. Protein 5. Both 1 and 2 6. Both 3 and 4 ...
... 3. Nucleic Acids 4. Protein 5. Both 1 and 2 6. Both 3 and 4 ...
File - LFHS AP Biology
... __ DNA as the template molecule for messenger RNA __ The proper base pairing (including the uracil substitution) __ The chemical characteristics of nucleotides __ A comparison of RNA and DNA (other than uracil substitution) __ The triplet arrangement of codons and/or anticodons __ The control of tr ...
... __ DNA as the template molecule for messenger RNA __ The proper base pairing (including the uracil substitution) __ The chemical characteristics of nucleotides __ A comparison of RNA and DNA (other than uracil substitution) __ The triplet arrangement of codons and/or anticodons __ The control of tr ...
Chapter 3 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... • Role of tRNA – tRNA binds a specific amino acid at one end (stem); once amino acid is loaded onto tRNA, molecule is now called an aminoacyl-tRNA – Anticodon at other end (head) is triplet code that determines which amino acid will be bound at stem • Example: tRNA with anticodon UAU will only be ab ...
... • Role of tRNA – tRNA binds a specific amino acid at one end (stem); once amino acid is loaded onto tRNA, molecule is now called an aminoacyl-tRNA – Anticodon at other end (head) is triplet code that determines which amino acid will be bound at stem • Example: tRNA with anticodon UAU will only be ab ...
Evolutionary Patterns in the Sequence and Structure of
... ribosome [1,2]. Their acceptor arms charge specific amino acids through the activity of cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, while triplets of bases on their ‘anticodon’ arms recognize complementary ‘codon’ sequences in messenger RNA. These and many other molecular interactions define the identities ...
... ribosome [1,2]. Their acceptor arms charge specific amino acids through the activity of cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, while triplets of bases on their ‘anticodon’ arms recognize complementary ‘codon’ sequences in messenger RNA. These and many other molecular interactions define the identities ...
chapter 21
... certain proteins which are constantly needed, but not very many. • Most mRNA is synthesized in response to cellular needs for a particular protein. Regulation is at the level of transcription. • Prokaryotic cells regulate transcription by means of the operon -- more than one gene under the control o ...
... certain proteins which are constantly needed, but not very many. • Most mRNA is synthesized in response to cellular needs for a particular protein. Regulation is at the level of transcription. • Prokaryotic cells regulate transcription by means of the operon -- more than one gene under the control o ...
Protein Synthesis - Napa Valley College
... Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – globular structure, forms the catalytic part of ribosomes. Catalyzes the formation of the peptide bonds between amino acids ...
... Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – globular structure, forms the catalytic part of ribosomes. Catalyzes the formation of the peptide bonds between amino acids ...
Chapter Outline
... 1. Translation takes place in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. 2. Translation is the second step by which gene expression leads to protein synthesis. 3. One language (nucleic acids) is translated into another language (protein). A. The Role of Transfer RNA 1. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules transfer ...
... 1. Translation takes place in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. 2. Translation is the second step by which gene expression leads to protein synthesis. 3. One language (nucleic acids) is translated into another language (protein). A. The Role of Transfer RNA 1. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules transfer ...
Gene expression
... 2 processes are required for gene expression 1.Transcription- the process that uses base pairing to make mRNA based on the sequence of DNA – Occurs in the nucleus ...
... 2 processes are required for gene expression 1.Transcription- the process that uses base pairing to make mRNA based on the sequence of DNA – Occurs in the nucleus ...
protein synthesis worksheet
... PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WORKSHEET PART A. Read the following information on Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis is the process used by the body to make proteins. The first step of protein synthesis is called Transcription. It occurs in the nucleus. During transcription, mRNA transcribes (copies) DNA. DNA ...
... PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WORKSHEET PART A. Read the following information on Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis is the process used by the body to make proteins. The first step of protein synthesis is called Transcription. It occurs in the nucleus. During transcription, mRNA transcribes (copies) DNA. DNA ...
DNA Polymerase
... Functions of tRNA: 1- transport amino acids to ribosome for protein synthesis. Each tRNA carry only one amino acid. The specific amino acid is attached enzymatically to 3' end of tRNA. 2- recognize the specified codon on mRNA to ensure the insertion of the correct amino acid in the growing polypepti ...
... Functions of tRNA: 1- transport amino acids to ribosome for protein synthesis. Each tRNA carry only one amino acid. The specific amino acid is attached enzymatically to 3' end of tRNA. 2- recognize the specified codon on mRNA to ensure the insertion of the correct amino acid in the growing polypepti ...
Nucleotide sequence of a segment of Drosophila mitochondrial DNA
... Figure 1 . A map of the 0. yakuba mtDNA molecule showing the r e l a t i v e l o c a t i o n s of the A+T-ricF region ( c r o s s h a t c h e d ) , the two rRNA genes ( d o t t e d ) , the o r i g i n ( 0 ) , and d i r e c t i o n (R) of r e p l i c a t i o n , EcoRI and Hindi 11 s i t e s and fragm ...
... Figure 1 . A map of the 0. yakuba mtDNA molecule showing the r e l a t i v e l o c a t i o n s of the A+T-ricF region ( c r o s s h a t c h e d ) , the two rRNA genes ( d o t t e d ) , the o r i g i n ( 0 ) , and d i r e c t i o n (R) of r e p l i c a t i o n , EcoRI and Hindi 11 s i t e s and fragm ...
Gene7-05
... 1. Genetic information carried by DNA is expressed in two stages: transcription of DNA into mRNA; and translation of the mRNA into protein. 2. The adaptor that interprets the meaning of a codon is transfer RNA, which has a compact L-shaped tertiary structure 3. The ribosome provides the apparatus th ...
... 1. Genetic information carried by DNA is expressed in two stages: transcription of DNA into mRNA; and translation of the mRNA into protein. 2. The adaptor that interprets the meaning of a codon is transfer RNA, which has a compact L-shaped tertiary structure 3. The ribosome provides the apparatus th ...
Ch11_lecture students
... Ribosomal RNA and proteins form ____________. • Each ribosome consists of two subunits—one small and one large. • The __________ subunit has binding sites for mRNA, a “start” tRNA, and other proteins that cooperate to read mRNA to start protein synthesis. • The __________ subunit has two binding s ...
... Ribosomal RNA and proteins form ____________. • Each ribosome consists of two subunits—one small and one large. • The __________ subunit has binding sites for mRNA, a “start” tRNA, and other proteins that cooperate to read mRNA to start protein synthesis. • The __________ subunit has two binding s ...
Protein Synthesis
... ribosome, showing its overall shape. The eukaryotic ribosome is roughly similar. A ribosomal subunit is an aggregate of ribosomal RNA molecules and proteins. ...
... ribosome, showing its overall shape. The eukaryotic ribosome is roughly similar. A ribosomal subunit is an aggregate of ribosomal RNA molecules and proteins. ...
17C-SynthesisOfProtein
... • Other changes lead to switches from one amino acid to another with similar properties. • Still other mutations may occur in a region where the exact amino acid sequence is not essential for function. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Other changes lead to switches from one amino acid to another with similar properties. • Still other mutations may occur in a region where the exact amino acid sequence is not essential for function. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Transfer RNA
A transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and archaically referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length, that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins. It does this by carrying an amino acid to the protein synthetic machinery of a cell (ribosome) as directed by a three-nucleotide sequence (codon) in a messenger RNA (mRNA). As such, tRNAs are a necessary component of translation, the biological synthesis of new proteins according to the genetic code.The specific nucleotide sequence of an mRNA specifies which amino acids are incorporated into the protein product of the gene from which the mRNA is transcribed, and the role of tRNA is to specify which sequence from the genetic code corresponds to which amino acid. One end of the tRNA matches the genetic code in a three-nucleotide sequence called the anticodon. The anticodon forms three base pairs with a codon in mRNA during protein biosynthesis. The mRNA encodes a protein as a series of contiguous codons, each of which is recognized by a particular tRNA. On the other end of the tRNA is a covalent attachment to the amino acid that corresponds to the anticodon sequence. Each type of tRNA molecule can be attached to only one type of amino acid, so each organism has many types of tRNA (in fact, because the genetic code contains multiple codons that specify the same amino acid, there are several tRNA molecules bearing different anticodons which also carry the same amino acid).The covalent attachment to the tRNA 3’ end is catalyzed by enzymes called aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. During protein synthesis, tRNAs with attached amino acids are delivered to the ribosome by proteins called elongation factors (EF-Tu in bacteria, eEF-1 in eukaryotes), which aid in decoding the mRNA codon sequence. If the tRNA's anticodon matches the mRNA, another tRNA already bound to the ribosome transfers the growing polypeptide chain from its 3’ end to the amino acid attached to the 3’ end of the newly delivered tRNA, a reaction catalyzed by the ribosome.A large number of the individual nucleotides in a tRNA molecule may be chemically modified, often by methylation or deamidation. These unusual bases sometimes affect the tRNA's interaction with ribosomes and sometimes occur in the anticodon to alter base-pairing properties.