• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
the beer industry
the beer industry

... convenience stores, warehouse stores and similar locations. The data come from a variety of government and private sources. It is sometimes mistakenly thought that initial spending accounts for all of the impact of an economic activity or a product. For example, at first glance it may appear that co ...
Policy - International Policy Centre for inclusive Growth
Policy - International Policy Centre for inclusive Growth

... Can social protection policies promote economic growth? How much of a trade-off is there between providing the most vulnerable with safety nets and stimulating the local economy, which could potentially sustainably improve their livelihood? How complementary are the two sets of policies, and how can ...
Measuring economic well-being - Office for National Statistics
Measuring economic well-being - Office for National Statistics

... The search was given fresh impetus following the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress (CMEPSP) (CMEPSP, 2009). Commissioned by French President Sarkozy and chaired by two Nobel economists, Joseph Stiglitz and Amartya Sen, the commission concluded that, “the time ...
CONTENTS- The Norwich Economic Papers
CONTENTS- The Norwich Economic Papers

... for the cost of an ER visit by these patients. Whilst economic theory suggests that the imposition of a tax on those who choose not to purchase health insurance counteracts the higher cost of ER visits and provides an initial incentive to purchase health insurance, critics have argued that subsidies ...
Economic Outlook 2012
Economic Outlook 2012

... along with his fellows, so that no one can really blame him.” - J.M. Keynes (1931) Tuesday, May 23, 2017 ...
Velocity: Money`s Second Dimension
Velocity: Money`s Second Dimension

... the expected yields on alternative assets, however, the more costly it .is to obtain a reduction in the riskiness of a portfolio by holding money balances. Thus, Tobin's theory of liquidity preference predicts portfolio diversification, with the fraction of financial wealth - held in money balances ...
CH 11 PDF
CH 11 PDF

... © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved ...
Chapter 11
Chapter 11

... © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved ...
Real-Wage Rigidity - Pearson Higher Education
Real-Wage Rigidity - Pearson Higher Education

... © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved ...
Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis revisited - E
Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis revisited - E

... of the aggregate supply and aggregate demand functions, then firms´ expectations are disappointed as they find that actual aggregate demand falls short of expected sales. The disappointment induces them to cut back on employment and this process continues until the economy reaches N E (see Davidson ...
PDF
PDF

... Although the share of labour in the Thai agriculture sector has been decreasing since 1960 because of the outflow of workers to non-agricultural sectors, the agricultural sector is still quantitatively important to the economy because nearly 40 percent of overall employment was still engaged in this ...
A Growth Path towards Full Employment
A Growth Path towards Full Employment

... affiliates as a way to mobilize an input into the growth path process, and to consolidate COSATU’s perspectives on various aspects of what should constitute a new growth path framework. 1. This is a framework document, though it is fairly high level, it does make some specific proposals in various a ...
Gerald P. Dwyer Jr.
Gerald P. Dwyer Jr.

... tions of the terms. Any discussion of rules and plications for rules, much of it in this Review Goodhart (1989) presents a detailed analysis of the implementation of monetary policy. The long-standing contrast between the mortetarist case for rules and the alternative case for stabilization policy i ...
E F conomic Statistics in rench Polynesia
E F conomic Statistics in rench Polynesia

... This national summary was prepared by ESCAP Statistics Division in November, 2013. Results of the Capacity Screening questionnaire were received in November, 2013 from 50 of the 58 member countries who were contacted. Further information on RPES and the Core Set is available here: http://www.unescap ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Matthew Canzoneri
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Matthew Canzoneri

... In this paper, we develop a model in which banks create deposits and make loans. Both of these activities are costly, creating financial frictions that make monetary aggregates “matter” for economic activity. Moreover, bank deposits offer an alternative way for households to do their transacting, an ...
A Manual for the Construction of a Sport Satellite Account (SSA)
A Manual for the Construction of a Sport Satellite Account (SSA)

Chapter 2. Can Fiscal Policy Stabilize Output?
Chapter 2. Can Fiscal Policy Stabilize Output?

... can affect economic activity and jobs by influencing domestic demand for goods and services.2 They can do this directly by changing public investment and consumption or indirectly by adjusting taxes and transfers. The impact of fiscal policy on output is greater when monetary policy works in the sam ...
Targeting Constant Money Growth at the Zero
Targeting Constant Money Growth at the Zero

... passed through the filter developed by Baxter and King (1999) to isolate fluctuations occurring at business cycle frequencies corresponding to periods between 8 and 32 quarters. These tables show that, in fact, modest correlations between money, output, and prices seen over the entire sample of quar ...
EN EN Results of in-depth reviews under Regulation (EU) No 1176
EN EN Results of in-depth reviews under Regulation (EU) No 1176

... Belgian authorities have initiated several measures to prevent the relative wage gap from widening, though their effect will only materialize slowly while the scope of the identified challenge calls for the instigation of a higher sense of urgency. As a consequence, narrowing down the gap effectivel ...
The Government Budget Deficit: Prospects and Implications
The Government Budget Deficit: Prospects and Implications

... • I = growth of domestic capital stock • NX = growth of net foreign assets ...
- Munich Personal RePEc Archive
- Munich Personal RePEc Archive

... growth rate in 1996 and remained clearly below that rate until 2007 (see Figure 2)10. *** Insert Figure 2 here *** Negative IRGD is inconsistent with dynamic efficiency of an economy as it implies that larger spending today does not require lower future spending (see, e.g. Fischer and Easterly, 1990 ...
with-profit annuities
with-profit annuities

... Domestic demand growth was constrained through 2013. Households faced a more challenging environment in 2013 and consumption spending slowed. Even so, households, on aggregate, did not capitulate. Individuals continued to deleverage. Accordingly, the household debt ratio has declined to 75.5% of per ...
Chap23
Chap23

... • The long-run aggregate-supply curve is vertical at the natural rate of output, which is the production of goods and services that an economy achieves in the long run when unemployment is at its normal rate. – This level of production is also referred to as potential output or full-employment outpu ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research

... empirical work carried out here, it is not possible to estimate the coefficients of two different endogenous variables. The best that can be done is to estimate the coefficient of Yt net of the part of a real wage movement that is systematically related to y. For example, if the real wage is counter ...
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

... The opportunity cost for a commodity is the amount of other commodity that has been forgone in order to produce the first. The marginal opportunity cost of a particular good along the PPC is defined as the amount sacrificed of the other good per unit increase in the production of the good in questio ...
< 1 ... 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 ... 580 >

Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it. When this multiplier exceeds one, the enhanced effect on national income is called the multiplier effect. The mechanism that can give rise to a multiplier effect is that an initial incremental amount of spending can lead to increased consumption spending, increasing income further and hence further increasing consumption, etc., resulting in an overall increase in national income greater than the initial incremental amount of spending. In other words, an initial change in aggregate demand may cause a change in aggregate output (and hence the aggregate income that it generates) that is a multiple of the initial change.The existence of a multiplier effect was initially proposed by Keynes student Richard Kahn in 1930 and published in 1931. Some other schools of economic thought reject or downplay the importance of multiplier effects, particularly in terms of the long run. The multiplier effect has been used as an argument for the efficacy of government spending or taxation relief to stimulate aggregate demand.In certain cases multiplier values less than one have been empirically measured (an example is sports stadiums), suggesting that certain types of government spending crowd out private investment or consumer spending that would have otherwise taken place. This crowding out can occur because the initial increase in spending may cause an increase in interest rates or in the price level. In 2009, The Economist magazine noted ""economists are in fact deeply divided about how well, or indeed whether, such stimulus works"", partly because of a lack of empirical data from non-military based stimulus. New evidence came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose benefits were projected based on fiscal multipliers and which was in fact followed - from 2010 to 2012 - by a slowing of job loss and private sector job growth.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report