• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Aggregate Demand And Aggregate Supply
Aggregate Demand And Aggregate Supply

... identify the effect on real GDP and the price level in the short run: a. An increase in SRAS that is greater than the increase in AD. b. A decrease in AD that is greater than the increase in SRAS. c. An increase in SRAS that is less than the increase in AD ...
A CONVERSATION WITH: Jason Furman, Chairman, White House
A CONVERSATION WITH: Jason Furman, Chairman, White House

Press release Download (PDF, 137 KB)
Press release Download (PDF, 137 KB)

... During the summer the euro area’s economy shook off the recession that had lasted for over a year, which was partly due to fiscal policy gradually becoming less restrictive. An important factor was the free insurance for the government bonds of crisis countries, which was offered by the European Ce ...
Financial Management in the 21st Century
Financial Management in the 21st Century

... benefits cannot be paid from taxes; financed by borrowing ...
Classical Long Run Aggregate Supply
Classical Long Run Aggregate Supply

...  1. Trade Unions may fight to keep higher price levels.  2. Managers may not treat labour like steel or oranges, and will not necessarily pay less and hire more workers in times of high unemployment.  This might demotivate the staff. ...
International Economics II: International Monetary & Finance Economics
International Economics II: International Monetary & Finance Economics

... ** The instructor reserves the right to alter the course outline and course requirements at any time. Grading Policy: Grades are based on two mid-term exams (25% each), a final exam (25% and cumulative), and homework exercises (25%). Attendance Expectations: You are acquired to attend every class a ...
The Conduct of Monetary Policy Kevin M. Warsh
The Conduct of Monetary Policy Kevin M. Warsh

... Central banks with a dual mandate—price stability and maximum sustainable employment—confront different limits with respect to each objective. On the price stability front, the central bank maintains the dominant role in establishing, burnishing, and achieving its price stability objective. Milton F ...
International Economics II: International Monetary & Finance Economics
International Economics II: International Monetary & Finance Economics

... Required Supplemental Readings: Additional readings will be handed out in class, placed on reserve or posted at Blackboard throughout the semester to supplement sections of the required textbook. * The required text has been ordered by UVM's bookstore and should be available by the start of classes. ...
Macroeconomics - University of Oxford
Macroeconomics - University of Oxford

... leave them to private enterprise… to dig them up again, there need be no more unemployment. It would, indeed, be more sensible to build houses and the like, but if there are political and practical difficulties in the way of this, the above would be better than nothing’ J.M. Keynes, 1936. ...
Government Expenditure Composition and Growth in Chile
Government Expenditure Composition and Growth in Chile

... The purpose of this paper is to examine and quantify the impact on growth of alternative budgetary compositions, with a model that captures some of the specific stylized facts of the Chilean Economy. We also want to test the effects of larger social security payments if the pension system is actuall ...
Practice test 3
Practice test 3

... 12. If workers leave a country to seek out better opportunities in another country, then this will A) shift the short run aggregate supply curve of the original country to the left. B) shift the short run aggregate supply curve of the original country to the right. C) move the original economy up al ...
AP Macro Unit 4 Notes - Phoenix Union High School District
AP Macro Unit 4 Notes - Phoenix Union High School District

The Role of Macro-Economic Policies in an Era
The Role of Macro-Economic Policies in an Era

... during a period of collapse of demand is limited not only by the relative flatness of the yield curve and radical uncertainty about the future, but also by the effective lower bound on nominal interest rates. The greatest problem today is that there is no room to lower rates by 400+bps, before hitti ...
Civics and Economics Review Book # 1
Civics and Economics Review Book # 1

... 1. Personal income tax is a regressive/ progressive tax because it increases with a person’s income. 2. Taxes increase/ decrease in a recession so that people have more money to spend in their paychecks. 3. Congress/ The Federal Reserve Bank raise and lower taxes. 4. The United States enters deficit ...
Define and Discuss on Monetary Policy
Define and Discuss on Monetary Policy

... system need not lead to a multiple expansion of the money supply because banks can simply refuse to lend out their excess reserves. Furthermore, the lower interest rates that result from an expansionary monetary policy need notinduce an increase in aggregate investment and consumption expenditures b ...
Wage Increases, Transfers, and the Socially Determined Income
Wage Increases, Transfers, and the Socially Determined Income

... This paper is about severe limitations to reducing income inequality in the USA. In model simulations, when they are applied at politically “reasonable” levels standard policy tools such as increased taxes on high income households, higher transfers to people with low incomes, and raising wages at ...
Economic growth 0.8 percent in first quarter
Economic growth 0.8 percent in first quarter

... According to preliminary estimates by Statistics Netherlands quarterly national accounts, the Dutch economy grew by 0.8 percent in the first quarter of 2004. This is the first time since the end of 2002 that the volume of gross domestic product (GDP) was higher than twelve months previously. Employm ...
supply side policies
supply side policies

... trend rate of growth is particularly important for the British economy since it is then able to grow at a faster annual rate without generating inflationary pressures, which would require the Bank of England to increase interest rates. The largest single underlying influence upon trend growth is the ...
Lecture 1 - UTA Economics
Lecture 1 - UTA Economics

... GDP figures cannot be compared across time because they are denominated in prices, which change across time. If a GDP figure changes we don’t know whether there was an actual change in production or whether prices also changed. To overcome this problem in order to see whether our production actually ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

...  Fewer taxes to raise demand & liquidity  Selective actions, no universal cuts 3.Create a Growth Front: More CSF, EIB initiative 4.For credibility, endorse fiscal rules in the Constitution ...
Measuring National Output
Measuring National Output

... The market value of the final goods and services produced in the economy within some time period, usually one quarter or one year  Key terms ...
Macro_online_chapter_10_14e
Macro_online_chapter_10_14e

Slide 1
Slide 1

... based on a real interest rate of 2.9 percent and CPI growth of 2.8 percent. The totals do not include liabilities on the balance sheets of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the Federal Reserve. Assets of the U.S. government not included. Does not include civil service and military retirement funds, unemp ...
BOOK REVIEWS
BOOK REVIEWS

... disposable income and current consusnption. Supply-siders are concerned with the effect of marginal tax rates on relative prices, rather than with the effect of average tax rates on disposable income. In his article, “The Breakdown of the Keynesian Model,” Paul Craig Roberts provides a devastating c ...
Preliminary results for the year ended 31 December
Preliminary results for the year ended 31 December

... change. At the same time, its development programme is letting the Government of Bangladesh see that improvements are possible if our officers have the right skills and proper support. It is also helping with key improvements in governance that will benefit important areas such as poverty reduction. ...
< 1 ... 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 ... 580 >

Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it. When this multiplier exceeds one, the enhanced effect on national income is called the multiplier effect. The mechanism that can give rise to a multiplier effect is that an initial incremental amount of spending can lead to increased consumption spending, increasing income further and hence further increasing consumption, etc., resulting in an overall increase in national income greater than the initial incremental amount of spending. In other words, an initial change in aggregate demand may cause a change in aggregate output (and hence the aggregate income that it generates) that is a multiple of the initial change.The existence of a multiplier effect was initially proposed by Keynes student Richard Kahn in 1930 and published in 1931. Some other schools of economic thought reject or downplay the importance of multiplier effects, particularly in terms of the long run. The multiplier effect has been used as an argument for the efficacy of government spending or taxation relief to stimulate aggregate demand.In certain cases multiplier values less than one have been empirically measured (an example is sports stadiums), suggesting that certain types of government spending crowd out private investment or consumer spending that would have otherwise taken place. This crowding out can occur because the initial increase in spending may cause an increase in interest rates or in the price level. In 2009, The Economist magazine noted ""economists are in fact deeply divided about how well, or indeed whether, such stimulus works"", partly because of a lack of empirical data from non-military based stimulus. New evidence came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose benefits were projected based on fiscal multipliers and which was in fact followed - from 2010 to 2012 - by a slowing of job loss and private sector job growth.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report