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3.3 Macroeconomic models
3.3 Macroeconomic models

ECON_CH12_Economic Indicators and Measurements
ECON_CH12_Economic Indicators and Measurements

Chapter 1: Background Facts By James Piereson
Chapter 1: Background Facts By James Piereson

... respect. The wealth data in particular were arrived at via some sophisticated statistical estimation. Governments collect income data because they tax income. They don’t collect data on wealth. For this reason, Piketty and his associates had to piece together the data on wealth using estimation tech ...
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GOVERNMENT SPENDING, INTEREST BATES, PRICES, AND

... there are no storable (investment) goods, then consumption (or leisure) must fall to match the increase in g, at date t,. Then consumption remains constant at this depressed level during the war. Since consumption is constant - although at a lower level than before - during the war, the real interes ...
Top of Form AP MACROECONOMICS Course Syllabus
Top of Form AP MACROECONOMICS Course Syllabus

... All student rules as listed in the Student Handbook apply in this class. The list of clarifications for this class are as follows. Grades for unexcused absences, truancy, and suspension will be adjusted according to the Student Handbook. Where deference is given to the teacher 50% credit will be giv ...
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The influence of monetary on aggregate demand (short run)

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Math Big Test
Math Big Test

... The difference between the follows of income coming into the economy and those being paid abroad is known as net property income from abroad. Final goods are goods that are ultimately consumed rather than used in the production of another good. For example, a car sold to a consumer is a final good; ...
Publication in doc format - Irish Congress of Trade Unions
Publication in doc format - Irish Congress of Trade Unions

... potential unemployment was 16.5% in Ireland. 1 The government’s ‘jobs policy’ is a) to bail-out the private banks with taxpayers Euros; b) to deal with the public finances by slashing and burning; c) and make Ireland ‘more competitive’ - whatever that means, because they don’t appear to know themsel ...
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Fiscal and monetary coordination, Reserve Bank of New Zealand

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Chapter 23
Chapter 23

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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MACROECONOMICS OF STAGFLATION UNDER FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATES

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Chapter 15
Chapter 15

... tightened. • However, most economists no longer think – if indeed they ever thought – that the Fed causes business cycles. It reacts to other factors that cause business cycles, namely an imbalance between the cost of capital and the MPK. The expansion invariably comes to an end when the former exce ...
Econ 141 Fall 2013
Econ 141 Fall 2013

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Macroeconomic Stabilization Policy

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sq-macro-S`98
sq-macro-S`98

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09-Elasticities

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gross fixed capital formation

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Finance and Economics Discussion Series Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C.
Finance and Economics Discussion Series Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C.

... disintermediation that used to choke off the supply of bank credit when interest rates were high. An important caveat, though, is that if households or firms are carrying a lot of debt under good economic conditions, they might be unable or unwilling to increase their indebtedness when conditions de ...
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... 1. a) Disagree. If an increase in the price of butter leads, by demand law, to an increase in the quantity demanded of margarine that means that a fall in the demand of butter will provoke an increase in the demand of margarine, then margarine and butter are substitutes b) Agree. The marginal cost c ...
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Country experiences – international The New Zealand Experience

... provided support to the economy. This stance continued until 2012, when the fiscal impulse turned contractionary as measures were introduced to restrain government expenditure growth. New Zealand’s planned fiscal adjustment will subtract from aggregate demand at a time when private sector and earthq ...
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Chapter 6 Check Your Understanding

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The General Theory and Victoria Chick at 80: A Celebration

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Concluding Statement of an IMF Staff Visit June
Concluding Statement of an IMF Staff Visit June

... Commodity exporters median ...
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Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it. When this multiplier exceeds one, the enhanced effect on national income is called the multiplier effect. The mechanism that can give rise to a multiplier effect is that an initial incremental amount of spending can lead to increased consumption spending, increasing income further and hence further increasing consumption, etc., resulting in an overall increase in national income greater than the initial incremental amount of spending. In other words, an initial change in aggregate demand may cause a change in aggregate output (and hence the aggregate income that it generates) that is a multiple of the initial change.The existence of a multiplier effect was initially proposed by Keynes student Richard Kahn in 1930 and published in 1931. Some other schools of economic thought reject or downplay the importance of multiplier effects, particularly in terms of the long run. The multiplier effect has been used as an argument for the efficacy of government spending or taxation relief to stimulate aggregate demand.In certain cases multiplier values less than one have been empirically measured (an example is sports stadiums), suggesting that certain types of government spending crowd out private investment or consumer spending that would have otherwise taken place. This crowding out can occur because the initial increase in spending may cause an increase in interest rates or in the price level. In 2009, The Economist magazine noted ""economists are in fact deeply divided about how well, or indeed whether, such stimulus works"", partly because of a lack of empirical data from non-military based stimulus. New evidence came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose benefits were projected based on fiscal multipliers and which was in fact followed - from 2010 to 2012 - by a slowing of job loss and private sector job growth.
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