• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
THE EMPLOYMENT ACT OF 1946: THE ANALYSIS OF
THE EMPLOYMENT ACT OF 1946: THE ANALYSIS OF

Slide 1
Slide 1

... Estimated growth in individual giving and tax-efficient giving (adjusted for inflation at 2002 prices) £ bn ...
CPIC09_ex_sum
CPIC09_ex_sum

... 5 Corporate capital tax This component of the Index evaluates the use of corporate capital taxes. The western Canadian provinces occupied the top of the rankings. Alberta ranked first (10.0 out of 10) since it is the only province to have completely eliminated the use of such taxes. Saskatchewan and ...
Zestos(243).pdf
Zestos(243).pdf

... as the most important monetary instrument employed by the Fed to conduct monetary policy1. The federal funds rate (rff) is the interest rate that the Federal Reserve member commercial banks charge each other when they borrow overnight reserves to meet the Fed reserve requirement. The rff therefore i ...
On the stability of money demand 0.5cm Robert E. Lucas, Jr. and
On the stability of money demand 0.5cm Robert E. Lucas, Jr. and

... Notes: M1 is from the Federal Reserve Board of Governors Release H.6 at the end of the period. Firm cash+checking is from the Flow of Funds L.102(A): Nonfinancial business; checkable deposits and currency; asset. Household cash+checking is from the Flow of Funds L.101(A): Households and nonprofit or ...
ethiopia - OECD.org
ethiopia - OECD.org

... charges, such as work permits, court fines and fees, forfeits, business and professional registration and license fees; sales of public goods and services; government investment income; and miscellaneous revenues. The city of Addis Ababa is also rising revenues through urban land lease, yet the shar ...
directorate general economics
directorate general economics

... understood at least since the work of Irving Fisher.12 The key point is that, because of the ...
By How Much Does GDP Rise If the Government Buys More Output?
By How Much Does GDP Rise If the Government Buys More Output?

... output, a fairly elastic response of employment to changes in labor demand, and a degree of complementarity of consumption and work estimated from micro data. Modern models generally embody the life-cycle model of consumption, where households use credit markets to smooth consumption. It is widely b ...
Economics - The Bleyzer Foundation
Economics - The Bleyzer Foundation

CLEP Principles of Macroeconomics Practice Test
CLEP Principles of Macroeconomics Practice Test

... does not shift short-run aggregate supply. (E) does not affect the short-run aggregate supply curve but shifts the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right. ...
Tobacco Policy: Economic Myths and Realities
Tobacco Policy: Economic Myths and Realities

... growing trade deficits. ...
Keynote Address by Tan Sri Datuk Dr. Kamal Salih
Keynote Address by Tan Sri Datuk Dr. Kamal Salih

... is the peculiarity of the country’s political economy which attaches a significant ethnic dimension to development policy. This was the underlying problem addressed by the NEP at its inception. For decades since then, Malaysia managed to maintain a respectable level of GDP growth; transformed its pr ...
Liquidity Traps and Expectation Dynamics: Fiscal Stimulus or Fiscal
Liquidity Traps and Expectation Dynamics: Fiscal Stimulus or Fiscal

... consider IH learning. In Evans and Honkapohja (2010) we still see deflation traps under IH learning. The transversality condition (TVC) fails to rule out deflationary spirals (lower and lower deflation rates) because the perceived TVC is always met along these disequilibrium paths. What about the d ...
PDF Version - Center for Freedom and Prosperity
PDF Version - Center for Freedom and Prosperity

... already consumes about one-third of national economic output, with the federal government spending $2 for every $1 spent by state and local governments. If left unchecked, however, the federal government’s budget will metastasize, growing from about 21 percent of GDP today to nearly 40 percent of na ...
Chapter 20: Monetary Policy
Chapter 20: Monetary Policy

... relationship in which an increase in the money supply lowers the interest rate which increases investment and then the aggregate demand curve. Monetarists theorize a direct relationship believe changes in the money supply and the aggregate demand curve. Monetarists believe in the equation of exchang ...
Output Gap = Y
Output Gap = Y

... Chapter 24: From the Short Run to the Long Run: The Adjustment of ...
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Number 825 January 2005
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Number 825 January 2005

... After a decade of relative inattention, there is renewed interest in assessing the relationship between fiscal policy and trade deficits. This interest has been fuelled by the steady increase in the U.S. trade deficit to over 5 percent of GDP in early 2004, and the more recent swing in the U.S. fisc ...
The “Fiscal Cliff”: Macroeconomic Consequences of Tax Increases and Spending Cuts
The “Fiscal Cliff”: Macroeconomic Consequences of Tax Increases and Spending Cuts

... A major policy concern for Congress is when and whether to address the “fiscal cliff,” a set of tax increases and spending cuts that would substantially reduce the deficit in 2013. In projections made in March 2012 by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), this fiscal restraint, constituting 5.1% of ...
Question bank : Macro Economics for Biright Students
Question bank : Macro Economics for Biright Students

... 10. If the supply of X rises and it leads to increase in the supply for Y good, how are two goods related? 11. If the supply of X rises and it leads to fall in the supply for that good by that consumer. What is the X good called? 12. When will rise in supply be called expansion of supply and when wi ...
ch 8 end of chapter answers
ch 8 end of chapter answers

... If the United States introduces universal child care, GDP should increase because some child care provided at home would then become a market transaction. The welfare implications of that rise will depend on how society views this change. For example, would the quality and amount of child care incre ...
Economic Indicators
Economic Indicators

... no longer needed. – Ex. Business owners move the factory to another country (outsourcing), robots replace assembly line workers. ...
REFLECTIONS ON SUPPLY-SIDE ECONOMICS Introduction Morgan 0. Reynolds
REFLECTIONS ON SUPPLY-SIDE ECONOMICS Introduction Morgan 0. Reynolds

... have responded in a variety of ways. The most common is to assert that supply-side economics has not yet been tried, either because the cuts in tax rates lust began taking effect, or because the cuts are not radical enough. As Richard B. McKenzie wrote, “Supply-side economics has not worked and will ...
It`s Not About Liquidity - University of Colorado Boulder
It`s Not About Liquidity - University of Colorado Boulder

... • Globally, governments have estimated holdings of $500 billion in their banks, or about 25% of current market values. • Is there a risk of creeping intervention in the day-to-day management of these banks (e.g., Japan in the 1990s). • How will governments sell back such large positions? ...
Real Interest Rate
Real Interest Rate

... (96%) 20. Under which of the following conditions would consumer spending increase? a. Consumers have large unpaid balances on their credit cards. b. Consumers’ wealth is increased by changes in the stock market. c. The government encourages consumers to increase their savings. d. Social Security ta ...
A rise in the price of oil imports has resulted in a decrease of short
A rise in the price of oil imports has resulted in a decrease of short

... 8. What is it that gives paper currency its value? a. It is backed by gold. b. It is so useful an item. c. The knowledge that all societies in history have used paper currency. d. That people believe it has value. 9. If the Federal Reserve Board wants to increase the money supply, they will: a. Buy ...
< 1 ... 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 ... 580 >

Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it. When this multiplier exceeds one, the enhanced effect on national income is called the multiplier effect. The mechanism that can give rise to a multiplier effect is that an initial incremental amount of spending can lead to increased consumption spending, increasing income further and hence further increasing consumption, etc., resulting in an overall increase in national income greater than the initial incremental amount of spending. In other words, an initial change in aggregate demand may cause a change in aggregate output (and hence the aggregate income that it generates) that is a multiple of the initial change.The existence of a multiplier effect was initially proposed by Keynes student Richard Kahn in 1930 and published in 1931. Some other schools of economic thought reject or downplay the importance of multiplier effects, particularly in terms of the long run. The multiplier effect has been used as an argument for the efficacy of government spending or taxation relief to stimulate aggregate demand.In certain cases multiplier values less than one have been empirically measured (an example is sports stadiums), suggesting that certain types of government spending crowd out private investment or consumer spending that would have otherwise taken place. This crowding out can occur because the initial increase in spending may cause an increase in interest rates or in the price level. In 2009, The Economist magazine noted ""economists are in fact deeply divided about how well, or indeed whether, such stimulus works"", partly because of a lack of empirical data from non-military based stimulus. New evidence came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose benefits were projected based on fiscal multipliers and which was in fact followed - from 2010 to 2012 - by a slowing of job loss and private sector job growth.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report