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... How would the recognition, policy, and impact lags differ with regard to monetary and fiscal policy? What role does uncertainty play? The recognition lag should be the same for both monetary and fiscal policy. The policy lag is generally thought to be shorter for monetary policy. The FOMC is capable ...
Current Cacophony of Monetary Policy
Current Cacophony of Monetary Policy

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Fiva-ngs05 762327 en

... imbalance implies that one should rather look for measures of ‘revenue decentralization’ than ‘expenditure decentralization’, in particular when one wants to use fiscal decentralization as a proxy for fiscal competition (which is the case here). However utilizing account data for revenue decentrali ...
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11. Joanna Stawska, Lena Grzesiak – Challenges for Policy Mix in

... the fiscal policy is inappropriately guided, this can contribute to a higher budget deficit and higher public debt. According to Maastricht Treaty the ratio of gross government debt to GDP must not exceed 60% at the end of the preceding fiscal year. The similar criterion is connected with the ratio ...
the use of cyclically adjusted balances at banco de portugal
the use of cyclically adjusted balances at banco de portugal

... specific features. In the Portuguese case, and drawing on past experience, the estimation of fiscal elasticities through time-series regression was completely ruled out. As mentioned before that option has severe drawbacks, as it is virtually impossible to account for the frequent changes of the tax ...
Chapter 17
Chapter 17

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SP_Economic Research_Global Infrastructure Investment (2)

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Inflation Report August 2005

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Economic History - The Bleyzer Foundation

... Another question that arose was that of entrepreneurship and profits. Should a merchant be allowed to profit from differentials in prices? The Scholastics replied with a qualified yes, provided the merchant is not motivated by pure gain and his profit is only just enough to cover his labor expenses ...
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No Slide Title

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Inflation Report August 2005

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Property Sector Stable Despite Slowdown

... Government disbursement on infrastructure spending The government has allocated about IDR290 trillion (USD21 billion) for infrastructure spending based on the 2015 revised state budget, a 60% increase on 2014. However, up to June 30, 2015, its absorption rate was less than 10%. This was mainly due t ...
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Chapter 17 DOMESTIC POLICY

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Global Financial Crisis and its Impacts to Philippine Exports

... Elections should not be seen as a source of economic growth. Rather it should be seen as a source of pride by a free and democratic people. Every credible and peaceful election is a building block for a strong democracy. But perhaps the only time we’ve had a credible presidential election under the ...
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... resource-rich countries, stipulates that the structural fiscal deficit should be kept below 2 percent of GDP. Nevertheless, the Development Bank of Mongolia (DBM) was established in 2012 and has since served virtually as a vehicle of off-budget capital spending. As a consequence, although on-budget ...
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Nr. 34 The Precarious Fiscal Foundations of EMU (PDF: 158.6

... or tax increases. If the monetary authority’s action is not backed up in this way by fiscal policy, it will not have the desired anti-inflationary effect. An historical example here is instructive. From 1890 to 1894 in the US, gold reserves shrank rapidly. US paper currency supposedly backed by gold ...
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The Economic Cycle in Pictures

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ppt
ppt

... that if the federal government embarks on an infrastructure investment program to boost production, the Federal Reserve will not get in the way. (And remember, ...
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Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it. When this multiplier exceeds one, the enhanced effect on national income is called the multiplier effect. The mechanism that can give rise to a multiplier effect is that an initial incremental amount of spending can lead to increased consumption spending, increasing income further and hence further increasing consumption, etc., resulting in an overall increase in national income greater than the initial incremental amount of spending. In other words, an initial change in aggregate demand may cause a change in aggregate output (and hence the aggregate income that it generates) that is a multiple of the initial change.The existence of a multiplier effect was initially proposed by Keynes student Richard Kahn in 1930 and published in 1931. Some other schools of economic thought reject or downplay the importance of multiplier effects, particularly in terms of the long run. The multiplier effect has been used as an argument for the efficacy of government spending or taxation relief to stimulate aggregate demand.In certain cases multiplier values less than one have been empirically measured (an example is sports stadiums), suggesting that certain types of government spending crowd out private investment or consumer spending that would have otherwise taken place. This crowding out can occur because the initial increase in spending may cause an increase in interest rates or in the price level. In 2009, The Economist magazine noted ""economists are in fact deeply divided about how well, or indeed whether, such stimulus works"", partly because of a lack of empirical data from non-military based stimulus. New evidence came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose benefits were projected based on fiscal multipliers and which was in fact followed - from 2010 to 2012 - by a slowing of job loss and private sector job growth.
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