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10_1MeasureMacroEcUnit2
10_1MeasureMacroEcUnit2

... •When major trading partners are experiencing economic slowdowns, causing the demand for exports to fall, shifting the curve to the left. •When major trading partners are experiencing economic booms, causing the demand for exports to rise, shifting the curve to the right. ...
Budget Process - Atlas of Public Policy and Management
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... Investing in Ontario Act, 2008 • Previously, all year-end surpluses went toward the reduction of the accumulated financial deficit regardless of the size of the surplus • In 2008, the government introduced the Investing in Ontario Act, 2008. • The Act permits the use of a portion of unanticipated ye ...
Økonomiske udfordringer for Europa
Økonomiske udfordringer for Europa

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Tax Cuts and the Budget - University of California, Berkeley
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Main points for the Final Exam—ECO 3202 Chapter 10 Main Points
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Malaysia-  Budget focused on fiscal and economic sustainability
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Mankiw 5/e Chapter 12: Agg Demand in the Open Economy
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MUSE: The Bank of Canada`s New Projection Model of the U.S.
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... principal U.S. macroeconomic variables, such as gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, interest rates, and the exchange rate. MUSE contains more than 30 behavioural equations, most of which are estimated. At the same time, a smaller forecasting model for Europe, NEUQ (New European Union Quarterly ...
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... A) determining whether it is better to spend your savings on a new CD player or on a television. B) deciding whether the benefit of working two extra hours per day is worth the sacrifice of not having enough time to work out at the gym. C) putting all of your money in a savings account because the i ...
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... The paper questions the validity of economics as a science of prediction and correct reasoning, which it claims to be according to the so-called idea of economic fundamentals. The arguments against the predictive power of economics are carried out on the basis of a comprehensive concept of economic ...
A review of global fiscal stimulus
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... viewed as a compromise between income taxation (which would use economic depreciation) and consumption taxation (which would allow immediate expensing). In addition, it is not obvious what the alternative correct depreciation rule should be ...
An Empirical Study of the Relationship between Income Growth
An Empirical Study of the Relationship between Income Growth

... residents. Because farmers have a stronger character of self-sufficient consumption, so the income of this part is comparatively stable. However, if an urban resident is laid off, it means that his basic life can’t be guaranteed. So when they decide the proportion of consumption in their current inc ...
Paul Martin, the Deficit, and the Debt
Paul Martin, the Deficit, and the Debt

... Canada’s accumulated public debt was growing at an unsustainable pace. The federal government turned the debt corner in 1995 – coincident with Paul Martin’s “hell or high water” budget – as the debt (while still growing in nominal terms) was stabilized as a share of GDP. Once the deficit was elimina ...
GNP deflator
GNP deflator

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... A second criticism of monetary theory is called the rational expectations theory. According to the “rational expectations” theory workers and businesses will adjust their wages and prices up if they believe that expansionary monetary policy will lead to inflation and increased price levels. Therefor ...
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Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it. When this multiplier exceeds one, the enhanced effect on national income is called the multiplier effect. The mechanism that can give rise to a multiplier effect is that an initial incremental amount of spending can lead to increased consumption spending, increasing income further and hence further increasing consumption, etc., resulting in an overall increase in national income greater than the initial incremental amount of spending. In other words, an initial change in aggregate demand may cause a change in aggregate output (and hence the aggregate income that it generates) that is a multiple of the initial change.The existence of a multiplier effect was initially proposed by Keynes student Richard Kahn in 1930 and published in 1931. Some other schools of economic thought reject or downplay the importance of multiplier effects, particularly in terms of the long run. The multiplier effect has been used as an argument for the efficacy of government spending or taxation relief to stimulate aggregate demand.In certain cases multiplier values less than one have been empirically measured (an example is sports stadiums), suggesting that certain types of government spending crowd out private investment or consumer spending that would have otherwise taken place. This crowding out can occur because the initial increase in spending may cause an increase in interest rates or in the price level. In 2009, The Economist magazine noted ""economists are in fact deeply divided about how well, or indeed whether, such stimulus works"", partly because of a lack of empirical data from non-military based stimulus. New evidence came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose benefits were projected based on fiscal multipliers and which was in fact followed - from 2010 to 2012 - by a slowing of job loss and private sector job growth.
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