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Lessons From the Great Depression
Lessons From the Great Depression

... regained most of those losses by April 1930? But from mid-April throughout the rest of 1930, stock prices moved steadily downward and closed the year at 165. Apparently something happened during May–June 1930, which caused the stock market to head downward. We will return to this issue in a moment. ...
QUIZ 2: Macro – Winter 2002 - The University of Chicago Booth
QUIZ 2: Macro – Winter 2002 - The University of Chicago Booth

... quiz assumptions hold). All answers are FALSE. a. An increase in the nominal money supply (M), will cause real interest rates (r) to fall and will shift the IS curve to the right. As M increases, the LM curve shifts out, r falls and I increases. The increase in I (the interest rate sensitive part of ...
Yet Even More on Debt and Taxes
Yet Even More on Debt and Taxes

... to grow nothing, the at 5% a year, aslet are government taxes by $300 debt/GDP ratio expenditures. billion rise. Less • The debt is about $4 trillion. efficiency loss, for billion per year • The current deficit is $500 and we that rate willlower be flat. have ...
Chapter 26 Practice Quiz
Chapter 26 Practice Quiz

... d. average number of times per year a dollar is spent on final goods and services. ...
Chapter 26 Practice Quiz
Chapter 26 Practice Quiz

... d. average number of times per year a dollar is spent on final goods and services. ...
Fiscal and Monetary Policies Interrelation and Inflation over the
Fiscal and Monetary Policies Interrelation and Inflation over the

... is higher than the real growth rate of economy, and (iii) seigniorage is possible, i.e. when the Fed is in position to raise money by printing money. Bhattacharya and Haslag did not agree with the assumption of SW (1981) that the real interest rate exceeds the growth rate of economy. In their study, ...
Reserve Uncertainty and the Supply of International Credit
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... capital flight (with risk of appropriation) or domestic bonds (income taxed). ...
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... report that income growth of the bottom 95 percent of households stagnated pre-2006, but the debt-income ratio of those households rose to unsustainable levels. Since the Great Recession that debt-income ratio has come down to more sustainable levels via a process of debt-default, tightened credit a ...
Macroeconomics Module 8
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Population Aging, Generational Equity and the
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... Most of the existing literature on the effects of fiscal policy deals with the US. Among the few papers using the SVAR methodology and dealing with other countries we can cite two that are directly related to our work. The first, by Biau and Girard (forthcoming), replicates Blanchard and Perotti wit ...
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... Chapter 1 What Economics is About 1. The best example of decision-making at the margin would be a. dividing your total tax bill by your total income. b. observing what happens to a household’s spending when their income doubles. c. observing the effect that a small change in income has on the amount ...
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... in the global economy, which are imperfect substitutes, and money. Each good is produced by a producer who acts as a monopolistic competitor facing a downward sloping demand curve and chooses the nominal price and the level of production of her good. Production makes only use of labor and, since lab ...
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This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: Monetary Policy

... Hall and I begin by discussing the desirability of a rule for monetary policy and the characteristics a good rule should have. We emphasize, in particular, three types of nominal income targets, which differ in how they respond to past shocks to prices and real economic activity. A key question is h ...
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International Transmission of Economic Fluctuations and Inflation Bert G. Hickman

... United States of America.I Thirteen other developed economies are represented merely by reduced form equations for import quantities and export prices: Denmark, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, and Yugo..slavia.2 The less dev ...
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Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it. When this multiplier exceeds one, the enhanced effect on national income is called the multiplier effect. The mechanism that can give rise to a multiplier effect is that an initial incremental amount of spending can lead to increased consumption spending, increasing income further and hence further increasing consumption, etc., resulting in an overall increase in national income greater than the initial incremental amount of spending. In other words, an initial change in aggregate demand may cause a change in aggregate output (and hence the aggregate income that it generates) that is a multiple of the initial change.The existence of a multiplier effect was initially proposed by Keynes student Richard Kahn in 1930 and published in 1931. Some other schools of economic thought reject or downplay the importance of multiplier effects, particularly in terms of the long run. The multiplier effect has been used as an argument for the efficacy of government spending or taxation relief to stimulate aggregate demand.In certain cases multiplier values less than one have been empirically measured (an example is sports stadiums), suggesting that certain types of government spending crowd out private investment or consumer spending that would have otherwise taken place. This crowding out can occur because the initial increase in spending may cause an increase in interest rates or in the price level. In 2009, The Economist magazine noted ""economists are in fact deeply divided about how well, or indeed whether, such stimulus works"", partly because of a lack of empirical data from non-military based stimulus. New evidence came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose benefits were projected based on fiscal multipliers and which was in fact followed - from 2010 to 2012 - by a slowing of job loss and private sector job growth.
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