Chapter 4 - Ageing Pressures and Spending
... Total spending is projected to increase to 27.1 per cent of GDP in 2049–50, around 4¾ percentage points of GDP higher than its projected low point in 2015–16. In today’s terms, that’s the equivalent of adding around $60 billion to spending. Around two-thirds of the projected increase in spending to ...
... Total spending is projected to increase to 27.1 per cent of GDP in 2049–50, around 4¾ percentage points of GDP higher than its projected low point in 2015–16. In today’s terms, that’s the equivalent of adding around $60 billion to spending. Around two-thirds of the projected increase in spending to ...
Ageing, Immigration, and Fiscal Sustainability
... fraction of a given age, gender and origin group that receives a given public transfer is obtained for the year 1999. In the projection it is assumed that these fractions remain constant through time. Given the demographic forecast, this ge nerates the number of recipients of each specified public ...
... fraction of a given age, gender and origin group that receives a given public transfer is obtained for the year 1999. In the projection it is assumed that these fractions remain constant through time. Given the demographic forecast, this ge nerates the number of recipients of each specified public ...
Central Economic Plan 2017 Chapter 1
... more difficult as well as more expensive. This will cause growth in employment to level off in the central projection. Employment is projected to see a slightly lower increase this year, compared to the previous year, and to level off even further in 2018. This simulation assumes average employment ...
... more difficult as well as more expensive. This will cause growth in employment to level off in the central projection. Employment is projected to see a slightly lower increase this year, compared to the previous year, and to level off even further in 2018. This simulation assumes average employment ...
Interactive Tool
... Monetary Policy Cases.) The effects of stimulative monetary policy and the resulting low interest rates helped increase consumer and investment spending during and since the recession. As the economy began to grow, the Federal Reserve reversed its policy to slow the growth to a sustainable level and ...
... Monetary Policy Cases.) The effects of stimulative monetary policy and the resulting low interest rates helped increase consumer and investment spending during and since the recession. As the economy began to grow, the Federal Reserve reversed its policy to slow the growth to a sustainable level and ...
Local economic impacts - Community Energy Scotland
... to around £250,000 per annum (900kW turbine - Tiree) in exceptional west coast/northern Isle cases. This approximates to £125,000 - £280,000 per MW of capacity. This funding, in-turn, leverages in significant additional match-funding from a wide range of public and private sources, typically 1.5 – 3 ...
... to around £250,000 per annum (900kW turbine - Tiree) in exceptional west coast/northern Isle cases. This approximates to £125,000 - £280,000 per MW of capacity. This funding, in-turn, leverages in significant additional match-funding from a wide range of public and private sources, typically 1.5 – 3 ...
Infrastructure policy challenges post-2008
... So what are the basic infrastructure financing issues? • Excessive supply unit costs…and not due to jobs: – Fix procurement and regulation!! ...
... So what are the basic infrastructure financing issues? • Excessive supply unit costs…and not due to jobs: – Fix procurement and regulation!! ...
chapter summary
... Deficits increase during wars and severe recessions, but deficits remained high during the economic expansions of the 1980s. Those deficits arose from a combination of tax cuts during the early 1980s and growth in federal spending. To the extent that deficits crowd out private capital formation, thi ...
... Deficits increase during wars and severe recessions, but deficits remained high during the economic expansions of the 1980s. Those deficits arose from a combination of tax cuts during the early 1980s and growth in federal spending. To the extent that deficits crowd out private capital formation, thi ...
tax progressivity and economic and political determinants
... that takes the value 1 if there is a right-wing domination in both government and parliament and if right-wing or centre parties make up between 33.3% and 66% of the government; 0 otherwise. Alternatively, the dummy variable RIGHTR provides a stricter definition of right-wing domination since it tak ...
... that takes the value 1 if there is a right-wing domination in both government and parliament and if right-wing or centre parties make up between 33.3% and 66% of the government; 0 otherwise. Alternatively, the dummy variable RIGHTR provides a stricter definition of right-wing domination since it tak ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ON THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
... policy. In the United States during the Great Depression, programs such as the Works Progress Administration and the Tennessee Valley Authority were key elements of the government’s economic stimulus. In the Great Recession, government spending on infrastructure projects was a major component of the ...
... policy. In the United States during the Great Depression, programs such as the Works Progress Administration and the Tennessee Valley Authority were key elements of the government’s economic stimulus. In the Great Recession, government spending on infrastructure projects was a major component of the ...
The Effectiveness of Automatic Stabilizers
... questionable) assumptions we conclude that volatility of GDP in Denmark should be lower than in Korea by about 48%. In the chart, volatility is reduced by about 60%. To get this result we would need a multiplier of about 1.6. ...
... questionable) assumptions we conclude that volatility of GDP in Denmark should be lower than in Korea by about 48%. In the chart, volatility is reduced by about 60%. To get this result we would need a multiplier of about 1.6. ...
Funny Money: Fiscal Policy, Rent
... such activity is typically subject to little scrutiny or restriction it is an optimal venue for rent-seeking. As we shall see, in Indonesia under Suharto, there was large-scale offbudget fiscal activity which has gone largely unstudied, but is in fact analytically interesting both for discussions ab ...
... such activity is typically subject to little scrutiny or restriction it is an optimal venue for rent-seeking. As we shall see, in Indonesia under Suharto, there was large-scale offbudget fiscal activity which has gone largely unstudied, but is in fact analytically interesting both for discussions ab ...
Monetary Policy and the Economy Q3/04 – Expansionary Fiscal
... is pure waste, every cut in government spending increases private consumption. Reduced government spending in these models implies a decrease in the expected future tax burden, which in turn increases life-time disposable income and private consumption. Therefore, in normal times the relationship be ...
... is pure waste, every cut in government spending increases private consumption. Reduced government spending in these models implies a decrease in the expected future tax burden, which in turn increases life-time disposable income and private consumption. Therefore, in normal times the relationship be ...
Slides Chapter 15
... The fiscal policy instrument • In a monetary union, the fiscal instrument assumes greater importance – The only macroeconomic policy instrument left at the national level – Its effectiveness is increased (a result from the Mundell-Fleming model) ...
... The fiscal policy instrument • In a monetary union, the fiscal instrument assumes greater importance – The only macroeconomic policy instrument left at the national level – Its effectiveness is increased (a result from the Mundell-Fleming model) ...
Cost of a War in Iraq
... Rest of OECD China Non-oil developing countries Eastern Europe and Russia Total ...
... Rest of OECD China Non-oil developing countries Eastern Europe and Russia Total ...
On the Proper Size of the Public Sector and the Level of
... My assigned focus on “fiscal policy in the medium term” has implications. It requires me to assume that things are or will be true that are not now or may not be true in the future, at least not for the rest of this decade and into the next. It makes sense to distinguish the medium from the short te ...
... My assigned focus on “fiscal policy in the medium term” has implications. It requires me to assume that things are or will be true that are not now or may not be true in the future, at least not for the rest of this decade and into the next. It makes sense to distinguish the medium from the short te ...
Currency Wars, Coordination, and Capital Controls
... This has been in evidence since the beginning of the crisis, although monetary policy has been only one of the factors moving exchange rates. The acute phase of the crisis was dominated by an increase in market risk aversion and by repatriations of funds by AE banks, leading to large capital outflow ...
... This has been in evidence since the beginning of the crisis, although monetary policy has been only one of the factors moving exchange rates. The acute phase of the crisis was dominated by an increase in market risk aversion and by repatriations of funds by AE banks, leading to large capital outflow ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES 1900-2003
... capita social spending in 1990 dollars in Table 3 show that the leader Denmark was spending only $182 per capita while the United States trailed the pack at $35 per capita. Lindert (1994) confines his measures to social spending by governments, and thus government mandates for private social spendin ...
... capita social spending in 1990 dollars in Table 3 show that the leader Denmark was spending only $182 per capita while the United States trailed the pack at $35 per capita. Lindert (1994) confines his measures to social spending by governments, and thus government mandates for private social spendin ...
If the total surplus in a market with no government
... Short Title: Opportunity Cost One of the most important concepts in all of economics is Opportunity Cost. Identify the statements that help define this concept. 1. Opportunity cost is the value of the best alternative forgone in making a choice.* 1. Opportunity cost is the price of something. It is ...
... Short Title: Opportunity Cost One of the most important concepts in all of economics is Opportunity Cost. Identify the statements that help define this concept. 1. Opportunity cost is the value of the best alternative forgone in making a choice.* 1. Opportunity cost is the price of something. It is ...
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... demography and expected growth. If FI is positive, it means that sooner or later government spending must be reduced and/or revenues (taxes) increased to prevent government bankruptcy – i.e., the current fiscal system is not sustainable. The generational imbalance is defined as the share of the fisc ...
... demography and expected growth. If FI is positive, it means that sooner or later government spending must be reduced and/or revenues (taxes) increased to prevent government bankruptcy – i.e., the current fiscal system is not sustainable. The generational imbalance is defined as the share of the fisc ...
