Fiscal Rules for Ireland - Irish Fiscal Advisory Council
... adjusted or structural budget balance can theoretically allow automatic stabilizers to operate over the cycle if the duration and the shape of the cycle can be accurately forecasted. Constraining the overall balance can help to achieve convergence of the debt-GDP ratio to a desired level. A BBR base ...
... adjusted or structural budget balance can theoretically allow automatic stabilizers to operate over the cycle if the duration and the shape of the cycle can be accurately forecasted. Constraining the overall balance can help to achieve convergence of the debt-GDP ratio to a desired level. A BBR base ...
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
... Aggregate Demand • The aggregate demand curve slopes down because as the general price level rises, the amount of goods and services that can be purchased with the given stock of money and other financial assets declines. • In addition, the aggregate demand curve slopes down because as the price le ...
... Aggregate Demand • The aggregate demand curve slopes down because as the general price level rises, the amount of goods and services that can be purchased with the given stock of money and other financial assets declines. • In addition, the aggregate demand curve slopes down because as the price le ...
treasury dynamic scoring analysis refutes claims by supporters of
... projected to be about 18 percent of GDP, this translates into an increase in revenues, as a result of greater economic growth, of about 0.13 percent of GDP. Thus, under the Administration’s optimistic dynamic-scoring scenario, the net cost of the tax cuts would equal approximately 1.27 percent of GD ...
... projected to be about 18 percent of GDP, this translates into an increase in revenues, as a result of greater economic growth, of about 0.13 percent of GDP. Thus, under the Administration’s optimistic dynamic-scoring scenario, the net cost of the tax cuts would equal approximately 1.27 percent of GD ...
Answers to Text Questions and Problems in Chapter 9
... Canada responds to a slowing of the economy by lowering the nominal interest rate; financial markets anticipate this and reduce interest rates even in advance of formal Bank action. A weaker economy also reduces the demand for money, which reduces the nominal interest rate. 5. A higher real interest ...
... Canada responds to a slowing of the economy by lowering the nominal interest rate; financial markets anticipate this and reduce interest rates even in advance of formal Bank action. A weaker economy also reduces the demand for money, which reduces the nominal interest rate. 5. A higher real interest ...
New approaches to business cycle theory in current economic science
... or cause of the change in prices: if this change reflects a change in economic circumstances, then a corresponding adjustment of real variables is required; if, on the contrary, the price change results from monetary perturbations, then such an adjustment is not only useless, but can also be harmful ...
... or cause of the change in prices: if this change reflects a change in economic circumstances, then a corresponding adjustment of real variables is required; if, on the contrary, the price change results from monetary perturbations, then such an adjustment is not only useless, but can also be harmful ...
PDF
... Our data used for the analysis contains 52 annual observations for the period 1957–2008. The U.S. net farm income is obtained from the Economic Research Service in the USDA. The prices received index for all farm products and prices paid index for commodity, services, interest, taxes and wage rates ...
... Our data used for the analysis contains 52 annual observations for the period 1957–2008. The U.S. net farm income is obtained from the Economic Research Service in the USDA. The prices received index for all farm products and prices paid index for commodity, services, interest, taxes and wage rates ...
Theme 4 A global perspective
... Factors of production are perfectly mobile — resources used in one industry can be switched into another without any loss of efficiency. This is unlikely and structural unemployment might result. ...
... Factors of production are perfectly mobile — resources used in one industry can be switched into another without any loss of efficiency. This is unlikely and structural unemployment might result. ...
U.S. Debt & Deficits: A Budgetary Crisis
... • What should we expect from the budget “crisis?” – Politicians will claim disaster looms, or not. – Politicians will choose to do as little as possible. • even if events catch up with their choices; Greece … ...
... • What should we expect from the budget “crisis?” – Politicians will claim disaster looms, or not. – Politicians will choose to do as little as possible. • even if events catch up with their choices; Greece … ...
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 9: Intro to Economic Fluctuations
... If the money supply is held constant, then a decrease in V means people will be using their money in fewer transactions, causing a decrease in demand for goods and services: ...
... If the money supply is held constant, then a decrease in V means people will be using their money in fewer transactions, causing a decrease in demand for goods and services: ...
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 9: Intro to Economic Fluctuations
... If the money supply is held constant, then a decrease in V means people will be using their money in fewer transactions, causing a decrease in demand for goods and services: ...
... If the money supply is held constant, then a decrease in V means people will be using their money in fewer transactions, causing a decrease in demand for goods and services: ...
money market
... Which of the following is a link between the goods market and the money market? a. Income has considerable influence on the demand for money in the money market. b. The interest rate has significant effects on planned investment in the goods market. c. Both a and b above. d. None of the above. The g ...
... Which of the following is a link between the goods market and the money market? a. Income has considerable influence on the demand for money in the money market. b. The interest rate has significant effects on planned investment in the goods market. c. Both a and b above. d. None of the above. The g ...
Lecture 1 - cda college
... welfare does not increase Changes in welfare over time are best represented by changes in real GDP, that is nominal GDP adjusted for ...
... welfare does not increase Changes in welfare over time are best represented by changes in real GDP, that is nominal GDP adjusted for ...
Chapter 9
... marginal benefit of the last dollar taken from the private sector and placed in the public sector equals its marginal cost. ...
... marginal benefit of the last dollar taken from the private sector and placed in the public sector equals its marginal cost. ...
投影片 1
... In the short run, not all prices, including prices of factor inputs (e.g. wages), adjust at the same pace. Therefore, when price level goes up, firms are willing to supply more goods and services because profits are higher. As a result, the SRAS curve is upward-sloping. However, in the long run, all ...
... In the short run, not all prices, including prices of factor inputs (e.g. wages), adjust at the same pace. Therefore, when price level goes up, firms are willing to supply more goods and services because profits are higher. As a result, the SRAS curve is upward-sloping. However, in the long run, all ...
Uncertain Demographic Futures and Government Budgets
... such as fire and police protection, roads, libraries, and so on. Our main interest, however, is in programs that have an uneven age incidence, either by design, as with Medicare, or by accident. It can be seen that children aged 5 to 22 are recipients of major benefits, primarily public education. L ...
... such as fire and police protection, roads, libraries, and so on. Our main interest, however, is in programs that have an uneven age incidence, either by design, as with Medicare, or by accident. It can be seen that children aged 5 to 22 are recipients of major benefits, primarily public education. L ...
CHAPTER 20 ADVANCED TOPICS Chapter Outline An Overview of
... intertemporal substitution of leisure is very strong, even a small change in productivity can have a large effect on output. The real business cycle models are technically complex and can often only be solved with the help of computer simulations. Economists adhering to the real business cycle theor ...
... intertemporal substitution of leisure is very strong, even a small change in productivity can have a large effect on output. The real business cycle models are technically complex and can often only be solved with the help of computer simulations. Economists adhering to the real business cycle theor ...
Estimating price and income elasticity of demand
... down and vice versa. The greater the absolute value of price elasticity, the higher the price sensitivity of demand. For tobacco products, price elasticity is usually less than 1 or tobacco demand is price inelastic. It means when price increases, tobacco consumption decreases by a lesser percen ...
... down and vice versa. The greater the absolute value of price elasticity, the higher the price sensitivity of demand. For tobacco products, price elasticity is usually less than 1 or tobacco demand is price inelastic. It means when price increases, tobacco consumption decreases by a lesser percen ...
A model of secular stagnation
... new era of ongoing unemployment and economic stagnation without any natural force towards full employment. This idea was termed the ”secular stagnation” hypothesis. One of the main driving forces of secular stagnation, according to Hansen, was a decline in the population birth rate and an oversupply ...
... new era of ongoing unemployment and economic stagnation without any natural force towards full employment. This idea was termed the ”secular stagnation” hypothesis. One of the main driving forces of secular stagnation, according to Hansen, was a decline in the population birth rate and an oversupply ...
2 Economic growth in short-run and long-run
... vitality and psychological well-being). This set of indicators would be used to assess progress towards gross national happiness, which they have already identified as being the nation's priority, above GDP. Gini coefficient measures the disparity of income within a nation. Wealth estimates - The Wo ...
... vitality and psychological well-being). This set of indicators would be used to assess progress towards gross national happiness, which they have already identified as being the nation's priority, above GDP. Gini coefficient measures the disparity of income within a nation. Wealth estimates - The Wo ...
ECOAO3Y, November 12, 1998
... d) the amount of inflation between 1980 and 2000 relative to 1980 (1 mark) 1 mark: = 20% [(120-100)/100] no need for work since some students may simply see it Full marks if consistent with earlier incorrect CPI e) real student income in 2000 using CPI if nominal student income was $2000 in 2000 (1 ...
... d) the amount of inflation between 1980 and 2000 relative to 1980 (1 mark) 1 mark: = 20% [(120-100)/100] no need for work since some students may simply see it Full marks if consistent with earlier incorrect CPI e) real student income in 2000 using CPI if nominal student income was $2000 in 2000 (1 ...
Problem Session II
... their wages, and rms' pro ts are increased. Under these circumstances, workers demand higher wages and rms, anxious to maintain their employment and output levels, meet those demands. As the money wage rises, aggregate supply decreases, the short run aggregate supply curve SAS0 begins to shift lef ...
... their wages, and rms' pro ts are increased. Under these circumstances, workers demand higher wages and rms, anxious to maintain their employment and output levels, meet those demands. As the money wage rises, aggregate supply decreases, the short run aggregate supply curve SAS0 begins to shift lef ...