Davies, Nature, 1999 - Earth and Environmental Sciences
... Fig. 5. Distribution of H2O (left) and melt (right). (a) For a relatively cold slab (age 130 Myr) with a constant subduction velocity, of ~6 cm/year. A cross-sectional area of 250x250 km region with a fixed crust of 30 km thick is divided into a regular grid for numerical calculations, with a finer ...
... Fig. 5. Distribution of H2O (left) and melt (right). (a) For a relatively cold slab (age 130 Myr) with a constant subduction velocity, of ~6 cm/year. A cross-sectional area of 250x250 km region with a fixed crust of 30 km thick is divided into a regular grid for numerical calculations, with a finer ...
Sediments Are Historical Records of Ocean
... The ages of portions of the Pacific Ocean floor, based on core samples of sediments just above the basalt seabed, in millions of years ago (Ma, mega-annum). The youngest sediments are found near the East Pacific Rise; and the oldest, close to the eastern side of the trenches. ...
... The ages of portions of the Pacific Ocean floor, based on core samples of sediments just above the basalt seabed, in millions of years ago (Ma, mega-annum). The youngest sediments are found near the East Pacific Rise; and the oldest, close to the eastern side of the trenches. ...
3 Life in the Ocean
... Studying the organisms that live in the ocean can be difficult for scientists because the ocean is so large. There are probably many kinds of marine, or ocean-dwelling, organisms that scientists have not discovered yet. There are many other marine organisms that scientists know little about. In orde ...
... Studying the organisms that live in the ocean can be difficult for scientists because the ocean is so large. There are probably many kinds of marine, or ocean-dwelling, organisms that scientists have not discovered yet. There are many other marine organisms that scientists know little about. In orde ...
Chapter 16: The Marine Environment
... Waves move faster in deep water than in shallow water. This difference in wave speed causes initially straight wave crests to bend when part of the crest moves into shallow water, a process known as wave refraction, illustrated in Figure 16-1. Along an irregular coast with headlands and bays, the wa ...
... Waves move faster in deep water than in shallow water. This difference in wave speed causes initially straight wave crests to bend when part of the crest moves into shallow water, a process known as wave refraction, illustrated in Figure 16-1. Along an irregular coast with headlands and bays, the wa ...
Sea Floor Spreading powerpoint
... Sonar - a device that bounces sound waves off under-water objects and then records the echoes of these sound waves. The time it takes for the echo to arrive indicates the distance to the object. ...
... Sonar - a device that bounces sound waves off under-water objects and then records the echoes of these sound waves. The time it takes for the echo to arrive indicates the distance to the object. ...
Sea-Floor Spreading - Moore Middle School PTSA
... Sonar - a device that bounces sound waves off under-water objects and then records the echoes of these sound waves. The time it takes for the echo to arrive indicates the distance to the object. ...
... Sonar - a device that bounces sound waves off under-water objects and then records the echoes of these sound waves. The time it takes for the echo to arrive indicates the distance to the object. ...
TOS - Laboratory for Microbial Oceanography
... field data. Indeed, there are many examples in the scientific literature where interpretations from short-term ecological studies are at odds with similar data sets collected over much longer time scales (Strayer et al., 1986). It is difficult to observe slow or abrupt environmental changes directly ...
... field data. Indeed, there are many examples in the scientific literature where interpretations from short-term ecological studies are at odds with similar data sets collected over much longer time scales (Strayer et al., 1986). It is difficult to observe slow or abrupt environmental changes directly ...
SANCOR Newsletter 210 - National Research Foundation
... These natural mechanisms were part of the Earth func oning in the past and are con nuously at play nowadays, almost unperceived by humans. However, this cycle has been accelerated by the mobiliza on of fossil organic carbon that humans have been burning since the indust ...
... These natural mechanisms were part of the Earth func oning in the past and are con nuously at play nowadays, almost unperceived by humans. However, this cycle has been accelerated by the mobiliza on of fossil organic carbon that humans have been burning since the indust ...
The microbial view of marine biogeochemical cycles
... Department of Biological Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), PO ...
... Department of Biological Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), PO ...
Image: Marine biologists use plankton nets to sample phytoplankton
... adapted from drawings and micrographs by Sally Bensusen, NASA EOS Project Science Office.) Like land plants, phytoplankton have chlorophyll to capture sunlight, and they use photosynthesis to turn it into chemical energy. They consume carbon dioxide, and release oxygen. All phytoplankton photosynthe ...
... adapted from drawings and micrographs by Sally Bensusen, NASA EOS Project Science Office.) Like land plants, phytoplankton have chlorophyll to capture sunlight, and they use photosynthesis to turn it into chemical energy. They consume carbon dioxide, and release oxygen. All phytoplankton photosynthe ...
Can Flood Geology Explain Thick Chalk Layers.indd
... carbonate per year from the top 100 m (305 feet) of the ocean. At this rate it is possible to produce an average 100 m (305 feet) thickness of coccoliths as calcareous ooze on the ocean floor in less than 200 years. Again, other factors could be brought into the calculations to either lengthen or sho ...
... carbonate per year from the top 100 m (305 feet) of the ocean. At this rate it is possible to produce an average 100 m (305 feet) thickness of coccoliths as calcareous ooze on the ocean floor in less than 200 years. Again, other factors could be brought into the calculations to either lengthen or sho ...
Marine Ecosystems and Nutrient Cycles
... given time , Another major carbon reservoir is atmospheric carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) , which enters the ocean by gas exchange at the air-water interface. Additional carbon dioxide comes from the respiration of plants and animals. Thus, dissolved carbon dioxide is readily available to autotrophs for pho ...
... given time , Another major carbon reservoir is atmospheric carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) , which enters the ocean by gas exchange at the air-water interface. Additional carbon dioxide comes from the respiration of plants and animals. Thus, dissolved carbon dioxide is readily available to autotrophs for pho ...
pHet Worksheet
... 1. Begin with the “Crust” tab. Under “View,” check “Both” and “Show Labels.” Use the tools in the lower left corner to qualitatively compare the thickness, density, and temperature of the oceanic and continental crust samples. Complete the table below. Crust Type Oceanic ...
... 1. Begin with the “Crust” tab. Under “View,” check “Both” and “Show Labels.” Use the tools in the lower left corner to qualitatively compare the thickness, density, and temperature of the oceanic and continental crust samples. Complete the table below. Crust Type Oceanic ...
Plate Tectonics Earth, 9th edition – Chapter 2 Key
... • Glaciers tend to move from land to sea, but in the rock record they appear to move from sea to land Paleoclimatic evidence • If all the Gondwanaland continents are fitted together, then the glaciers moved from the continents to the sea The great debate • Objections to the continental drift hypothe ...
... • Glaciers tend to move from land to sea, but in the rock record they appear to move from sea to land Paleoclimatic evidence • If all the Gondwanaland continents are fitted together, then the glaciers moved from the continents to the sea The great debate • Objections to the continental drift hypothe ...
Translation Series No. 421
... of the water in the sea. Tests show that the photosynthesis determined In bottles with the same water samples gave close results when held in the sea and when on deck in the vat. For example, at station 12 bottles. held In the sea had photosynthesis equal to 0.0754 mg/1 9 while bottles in the vat ha ...
... of the water in the sea. Tests show that the photosynthesis determined In bottles with the same water samples gave close results when held in the sea and when on deck in the vat. For example, at station 12 bottles. held In the sea had photosynthesis equal to 0.0754 mg/1 9 while bottles in the vat ha ...
Sea-Floor Spreading
... Sonar - a device that bounces sound waves off under-water objects and then records the echoes of these sound waves. The time it takes for the echo to arrive indicates the distance to the object. ...
... Sonar - a device that bounces sound waves off under-water objects and then records the echoes of these sound waves. The time it takes for the echo to arrive indicates the distance to the object. ...
Supplemental Readings on Plate Tectonics and
... than it is on the outside. How much hotter is it? Well, geophysicists estimate that the center of the Earth has a temperature somewhere in the neighborhood of 4000°–5000°C (7000°–9000°F); the earth's surface has a temperature range of -50° to +50°C (-60° to 120°F). Now, another way of describing the ...
... than it is on the outside. How much hotter is it? Well, geophysicists estimate that the center of the Earth has a temperature somewhere in the neighborhood of 4000°–5000°C (7000°–9000°F); the earth's surface has a temperature range of -50° to +50°C (-60° to 120°F). Now, another way of describing the ...
H2-rich fluids from serpentinization: Geochemical and biotic
... methane production in the laboratory at hydrothermal conditions (21, 22). Complex organic matter forms abiotically from this process both in the laboratory and nature (3, 16, 18, 21, 22). The formation of abiotic methane and more complex organic compounds is a boon to certain modern microbes that re ...
... methane production in the laboratory at hydrothermal conditions (21, 22). Complex organic matter forms abiotically from this process both in the laboratory and nature (3, 16, 18, 21, 22). The formation of abiotic methane and more complex organic compounds is a boon to certain modern microbes that re ...
tectonics2
... When plates move away from each other, mantle material wells up into the space (called a rift), generally creating new oceanic crust. The great oceanic mid-ocean ridges are formed of this upwelling, basaltic magma. ...
... When plates move away from each other, mantle material wells up into the space (called a rift), generally creating new oceanic crust. The great oceanic mid-ocean ridges are formed of this upwelling, basaltic magma. ...
Anoxic event
Oceanic anoxic events or anoxic events (Anoxia conditions) refer to intervals in the Earth's past where portions of oceans become depleted in oxygen (O2) at depths over a large geographic area. During some of these events, euxinia develops - euxinia refers to anoxic waters that contain H2S hydrogen sulfide. Although anoxic events have not happened for millions of years, the geological record shows that they happened many times in the past. Anoxic events coincide with several mass extinctions and may contribute to these events. These mass extinctions include some that geobiologists use as time markers in biostratigraphic dating. It is believed oceanic anoxic events are strongly linked to slowing of ocean circulation, climatic warming and elevated levels of greenhouse gases. Enhanced volcanism (through the release of CO2 and other greenhouse gases) is the proposed central external trigger for the development of these events.