Context dependency in acorn predation and dispersal Apodemus sylvaticus
... Earth's biodiversity results from a complex evolutionary history of interactions among organisms. Plant-animal interactions are a paradigmatic example of such ecological relationships, from antagonistic to mutualistic relationships, although determining its result might be difficult, like in the cas ...
... Earth's biodiversity results from a complex evolutionary history of interactions among organisms. Plant-animal interactions are a paradigmatic example of such ecological relationships, from antagonistic to mutualistic relationships, although determining its result might be difficult, like in the cas ...
Cheatgrass: Identification, Biology and Integrated
... clothing of humans and the hair and fur of animals, which is one way cheatgrass disperses its seeds. Cheatgrass is a prolific seed producer. Seeds become germinable soon after maturation, but typically do not remain viable for more than two or three years. Roots are fibrous, relatively shallow, and ...
... clothing of humans and the hair and fur of animals, which is one way cheatgrass disperses its seeds. Cheatgrass is a prolific seed producer. Seeds become germinable soon after maturation, but typically do not remain viable for more than two or three years. Roots are fibrous, relatively shallow, and ...
Invasive Honeysuckles - Water Resources Education
... readily dispersed by birds. The seeds require a cold, moist period to break dormancy, which occurs in the soil during winter. The germination rate of honeysuckle seeds is high under a wide range of environmental conditions. However, germination is highest on open ground or where understory developme ...
... readily dispersed by birds. The seeds require a cold, moist period to break dormancy, which occurs in the soil during winter. The germination rate of honeysuckle seeds is high under a wide range of environmental conditions. However, germination is highest on open ground or where understory developme ...
ESA 2010 handbook - Ecological Society of Australia
... where solutions can be applied on the ground and in shaping biodiversity policy. We are delighted with the record number of submitted abstracts for this year’s Conference, and as a result, the quality of presented work is very high. We hope you all take the opportunity to attend a variety of present ...
... where solutions can be applied on the ground and in shaping biodiversity policy. We are delighted with the record number of submitted abstracts for this year’s Conference, and as a result, the quality of presented work is very high. We hope you all take the opportunity to attend a variety of present ...
integrating molecular phylogenetic and paleobotanical evidence on
... Before the advent of phylogenetic (cladistic) methods, botanists had proposed a plethora of hypotheses on seed plant relationships and the origin of the flower. Often these attempted to identify what group was ‘‘ancestral’’ to the angiosperms, a cladistically invalid concept: only a species in the g ...
... Before the advent of phylogenetic (cladistic) methods, botanists had proposed a plethora of hypotheses on seed plant relationships and the origin of the flower. Often these attempted to identify what group was ‘‘ancestral’’ to the angiosperms, a cladistically invalid concept: only a species in the g ...
Fruit Set in Solanaceous Vegetable Crops as Affected by Floral and
... at intervals of 2-4 (usually 3) leaves throughout the reproductive life of the plant and usually bear eight to sixteen flowers (Picken 1984; Vegetti and Pilatti 1998), but compound inflorescences with as many as 300 flowers have been recorded (Atherton and Harris 1986). It is not uncommon for the la ...
... at intervals of 2-4 (usually 3) leaves throughout the reproductive life of the plant and usually bear eight to sixteen flowers (Picken 1984; Vegetti and Pilatti 1998), but compound inflorescences with as many as 300 flowers have been recorded (Atherton and Harris 1986). It is not uncommon for the la ...
2016 CURRENT ISSUE Invasive Species: A
... Early detection of non-native species should be based on a system of regular surveys to find newly established species. However, not all species will become established, and only a small percentage of those that do will become invasive, presenting threats to biodiversity and the economy. Thus, some ...
... Early detection of non-native species should be based on a system of regular surveys to find newly established species. However, not all species will become established, and only a small percentage of those that do will become invasive, presenting threats to biodiversity and the economy. Thus, some ...
Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)
... biggest germination flush (up to 800 plants/m2) follows opening rains and later germinations are smaller (as few as 1-10 plants/m2) (Cheam & Code 1998; Madafiglio 2002). Up to 1800 plants/m2 can occur in wheat crops however natural thinning occurs at high plant densities (Madafiglio 2002). Wild radi ...
... biggest germination flush (up to 800 plants/m2) follows opening rains and later germinations are smaller (as few as 1-10 plants/m2) (Cheam & Code 1998; Madafiglio 2002). Up to 1800 plants/m2 can occur in wheat crops however natural thinning occurs at high plant densities (Madafiglio 2002). Wild radi ...
Ecological importance of ferns - Assets
... integrates a broad range of topics and highlights questions that present new research opportunities and interdisciplinary approaches. Selected topics in fern ecology have been addressed in edited volumes about ferns (Verdoorn, 1938; Dyer, 1979; Dyer and Page, 1985; Kramer et al., 1995, Camus et al., ...
... integrates a broad range of topics and highlights questions that present new research opportunities and interdisciplinary approaches. Selected topics in fern ecology have been addressed in edited volumes about ferns (Verdoorn, 1938; Dyer, 1979; Dyer and Page, 1985; Kramer et al., 1995, Camus et al., ...
Ecological importance of ferns - Beck-Shop
... integrates a broad range of topics and highlights questions that present new research opportunities and interdisciplinary approaches. Selected topics in fern ecology have been addressed in edited volumes about ferns (Verdoorn, 1938; Dyer, 1979; Dyer and Page, 1985; Kramer et al., 1995, Camus et al., ...
... integrates a broad range of topics and highlights questions that present new research opportunities and interdisciplinary approaches. Selected topics in fern ecology have been addressed in edited volumes about ferns (Verdoorn, 1938; Dyer, 1979; Dyer and Page, 1985; Kramer et al., 1995, Camus et al., ...
Mail order Plant list Autumn 2011. This is an up to date list for mail
... E. 'Sommerneuschnee'. **White daisies tinged with lilac above an evergreen mat of foliage. Flowers all summer with dead heading, nice to cut too. H. 18". Sp. 18". ERYNGIUM. Zzz. Eryngo, sea holly. Develop a long tap root to search out water. Prefer full sun and sharp drainage. Winter skeletons. Eryn ...
... E. 'Sommerneuschnee'. **White daisies tinged with lilac above an evergreen mat of foliage. Flowers all summer with dead heading, nice to cut too. H. 18". Sp. 18". ERYNGIUM. Zzz. Eryngo, sea holly. Develop a long tap root to search out water. Prefer full sun and sharp drainage. Winter skeletons. Eryn ...
Common Plants - The Nunavut Bilingual Education Society
... (the shoot) grows above ground, while the other part (the root) stays underground. The roots have four main functions. They anchor the plant in place, absorb essential minerals and water from the soil, and move these nutrients up the stem and into the leaves. Finally, roots also store the sugars tha ...
... (the shoot) grows above ground, while the other part (the root) stays underground. The roots have four main functions. They anchor the plant in place, absorb essential minerals and water from the soil, and move these nutrients up the stem and into the leaves. Finally, roots also store the sugars tha ...
Choosing the Right Plants - University of Nevada Cooperative
... Burning embers often accumulate around the base of the house during a wildfire. The area within 3 feet of the house should emphasize irrigated herbaceous and succulent plants, noncombustible mulches and hard surfaces. Do not plant trees in front of large picture windows. Plant trees so ther ...
... Burning embers often accumulate around the base of the house during a wildfire. The area within 3 feet of the house should emphasize irrigated herbaceous and succulent plants, noncombustible mulches and hard surfaces. Do not plant trees in front of large picture windows. Plant trees so ther ...
Chapter 9 (Plant Morphology)
... forests. A shrub is a perennial, woody plant with several main stems arising at ground level. A subshrub is a short shrub that is woody only at the base and that seasonally bears new, nonwoody, annual shoots above. Finally, a tree is defined as a generally tall, perennial, woody plant having one mai ...
... forests. A shrub is a perennial, woody plant with several main stems arising at ground level. A subshrub is a short shrub that is woody only at the base and that seasonally bears new, nonwoody, annual shoots above. Finally, a tree is defined as a generally tall, perennial, woody plant having one mai ...
Common Plants of Longleaf Pine-Bluestem Range
... these spathes are copper-colored, smooth and shining. On old fields and overgrazed range, Elliott bluestem may form almost pure stands but generally is widely scattered among other grasses. While it tolerates a wide range of sites, it is most common on dry, sandy soils. It is usually too scarce to c ...
... these spathes are copper-colored, smooth and shining. On old fields and overgrazed range, Elliott bluestem may form almost pure stands but generally is widely scattered among other grasses. While it tolerates a wide range of sites, it is most common on dry, sandy soils. It is usually too scarce to c ...
Intermountain Planting Guide - Utah State University Extension
... forbs can vary widely according to species. Germination may be given as a percent followed by (TZ), which means that a staining technique using tetrazolium chloride was used to evaluate the viability of the seed. This technique is an acceptable substitute for the actual germination test in many stat ...
... forbs can vary widely according to species. Germination may be given as a percent followed by (TZ), which means that a staining technique using tetrazolium chloride was used to evaluate the viability of the seed. This technique is an acceptable substitute for the actual germination test in many stat ...
Toward in vitro fertilization in Brachiaria spp.
... approach permits introduction of some degree of variability into commercial cultivars of Brachiaria. One sexual accession of B. humidicola with 36 chromosomes was used to obtain an intraspecific hybrid population (do Valle et al. 2008a, b). For now, most of the Brachiaria improvement consists in the ...
... approach permits introduction of some degree of variability into commercial cultivars of Brachiaria. One sexual accession of B. humidicola with 36 chromosomes was used to obtain an intraspecific hybrid population (do Valle et al. 2008a, b). For now, most of the Brachiaria improvement consists in the ...
of spring wild flowers along South Africa`s West Coast
... The plants belonging to the family Mesembryanthemaceae make up a large and unique group of southern Africa’s flora, especially in the more arid parts where they are adapted with low growth forms and fleshy succulent leaves. Common names include “mesembs” or the popular Afrikaans word “vygi ...
... The plants belonging to the family Mesembryanthemaceae make up a large and unique group of southern Africa’s flora, especially in the more arid parts where they are adapted with low growth forms and fleshy succulent leaves. Common names include “mesembs” or the popular Afrikaans word “vygi ...
The Gentians of Canada, Alaska, and Greenland
... has been regarded as a subfamily of the Gentianaceae (e.g., Gilg, 1895) although many recent authors regard it as a separate family. Villarsia and Fauria species resemble the water plantains in growth habit and in their preference for a boggy or marshy habitat. Villarsia species are chiefly Australi ...
... has been regarded as a subfamily of the Gentianaceae (e.g., Gilg, 1895) although many recent authors regard it as a separate family. Villarsia and Fauria species resemble the water plantains in growth habit and in their preference for a boggy or marshy habitat. Villarsia species are chiefly Australi ...
plant world seeds 2016
... Possibly the world’s only catalogue selling this year’s fresh seeds! The last mild winter was kind to Plant World, with plant sales here breaking all previous records, so not everyone is concreting over their plots! This was further helped by the fact that much of our old dilapidated nursery area h ...
... Possibly the world’s only catalogue selling this year’s fresh seeds! The last mild winter was kind to Plant World, with plant sales here breaking all previous records, so not everyone is concreting over their plots! This was further helped by the fact that much of our old dilapidated nursery area h ...
Ecology of Common Understory Plants in Northwestern Oregon and
... to black berrylike pomes which ripen during July through August. Fruits are generally eaten by animals and birds as soon as they ripen (USDA Forest Service 1974). Reproductive characteristics - Seeds require four to six months of cold stratification for successful germination. Following stratificati ...
... to black berrylike pomes which ripen during July through August. Fruits are generally eaten by animals and birds as soon as they ripen (USDA Forest Service 1974). Reproductive characteristics - Seeds require four to six months of cold stratification for successful germination. Following stratificati ...
The Biology of Striga, Orobanche, and other Root
... species of Striga and Orobanche require a host root within a few millimeters for germination. O. ludoviciana (187), Aeginetia indica [Orobanchaceae, (92) but see (50)], s. densiflora (67), and S. euphrasioides (181) apparently do not need any host root exudate for germination. Light may inhibit germ ...
... species of Striga and Orobanche require a host root within a few millimeters for germination. O. ludoviciana (187), Aeginetia indica [Orobanchaceae, (92) but see (50)], s. densiflora (67), and S. euphrasioides (181) apparently do not need any host root exudate for germination. Light may inhibit germ ...
specialized bees fail to develop on non-host pollen
... by bees or other insects (but see Detzel and Wink 1993, Pernal and Currie 2002). Indications exist that pollen is not an easy-to-use protein source readily digestible for all flower visitors (Levin and Haydak 1957, Roulston and Cane 2000, Cook et al. 2004). In fact, surprisingly few insect taxa rely ...
... by bees or other insects (but see Detzel and Wink 1993, Pernal and Currie 2002). Indications exist that pollen is not an easy-to-use protein source readily digestible for all flower visitors (Levin and Haydak 1957, Roulston and Cane 2000, Cook et al. 2004). In fact, surprisingly few insect taxa rely ...
1. Biology of Sugarcane
... Sugarcane is a tall growing monocotyledonous crop plant that is cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world primarily for its ability to store high concentrations of sucrose, or sugar, in the internodes of the stem. Modern sugarcane varieties that are cultivated for sugar product ...
... Sugarcane is a tall growing monocotyledonous crop plant that is cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world primarily for its ability to store high concentrations of sucrose, or sugar, in the internodes of the stem. Modern sugarcane varieties that are cultivated for sugar product ...
Prairie Primer - The Learning Store
... 1. Prairie plants put two-thirds of their few form hard seed covers to protect growth underground. Long roots seeds until conditions are proper for reach deep into the soil for moisture; germination. food reserves are protected from 5. Pollination takes advantage of the above-ground extremes (see fi ...
... 1. Prairie plants put two-thirds of their few form hard seed covers to protect growth underground. Long roots seeds until conditions are proper for reach deep into the soil for moisture; germination. food reserves are protected from 5. Pollination takes advantage of the above-ground extremes (see fi ...
Ecology of Banksia
The ecology of Banksia refers to all the relationships and interactions among the plant genus Banksia and its environment. Banksia has a number of adaptations that have so far enabled the genus to survive despite dry, nutrient-poor soil, low rates of seed set, high rates of seed predation and low rates of seedling survival. These adaptations include proteoid roots and lignotubers; specialised floral structures that attract nectariferous animals and ensure effective pollen transfer; and the release of seed in response to bushfire.The arrival of Europeans in Australia has brought new ecological challenges. European colonisation of Australia has directly affected Banksia through deforestation, exploitation of flowers and changes to the fire regime. In addition, the accidental introduction and spread of plant pathogens such as Phytophthora cinnamomi (dieback) pose a serious threat to the genus's habitat and biodiversity. Various conservation measures have been put in place to mitigate these threats, but a number of taxa remain endangered.