Amyloplast-Localized SUBSTANDARD STARCH
... locus: AAA, AAa, Aaa, and aaa. We performed reciprocal crosses to obtain two distinct heterozygous seeds of SSG4SSG4ssg4 and SSG4ssg4ssg4. Chalkiness was not observed in the endosperm of either heterozygote (Supplemental Fig. S1). The SG sizes of SSG4SSG4ssg4 and cv Nipponbare seeds did not significa ...
... locus: AAA, AAa, Aaa, and aaa. We performed reciprocal crosses to obtain two distinct heterozygous seeds of SSG4SSG4ssg4 and SSG4ssg4ssg4. Chalkiness was not observed in the endosperm of either heterozygote (Supplemental Fig. S1). The SG sizes of SSG4SSG4ssg4 and cv Nipponbare seeds did not significa ...
integrating molecular phylogenetic and paleobotanical evidence on
... not imply may be useful. They do not mean that angiosperms and gymnosperms were separately derived from Devonian ‘‘progymnosperms’’ or that angiosperms extend back to the Carboniferous. There could be any number of extinct seed plant lines attached to the stem lineage leading to living seed plants a ...
... not imply may be useful. They do not mean that angiosperms and gymnosperms were separately derived from Devonian ‘‘progymnosperms’’ or that angiosperms extend back to the Carboniferous. There could be any number of extinct seed plant lines attached to the stem lineage leading to living seed plants a ...
The living cycads - The Arizona Palm and Cycad Association
... leaves mark them off from the numerous small palms, so that they are not difficult to recognize. Cones are not abundant, but when they do occur they are easy to find, since they sometimes reach a length of two feet. Everywhere the people were hospitable and ready to in height, ...
... leaves mark them off from the numerous small palms, so that they are not difficult to recognize. Cones are not abundant, but when they do occur they are easy to find, since they sometimes reach a length of two feet. Everywhere the people were hospitable and ready to in height, ...
MB_30_win
... • Flower structure promotes self-pollination in plants that have flowers with petals that completely enclose both the male and female flower parts. • Pollen can be dispersed by water or air. The flowers of such wind-pollinated angiosperms are small and lack showy petals and sepals. • Successful wind ...
... • Flower structure promotes self-pollination in plants that have flowers with petals that completely enclose both the male and female flower parts. • Pollen can be dispersed by water or air. The flowers of such wind-pollinated angiosperms are small and lack showy petals and sepals. • Successful wind ...
Butterfly Discoveries
... plants). The butterflies need the plants to survive. Guess what the butterflies help the plants do! Butterflies and many other insects pollinate flowers so that they may set seed and grow again the following year. They depend upon each other. Pollination occurs when tiny pollen (mass of microspores ...
... plants). The butterflies need the plants to survive. Guess what the butterflies help the plants do! Butterflies and many other insects pollinate flowers so that they may set seed and grow again the following year. They depend upon each other. Pollination occurs when tiny pollen (mass of microspores ...
(Zamiaceae) in a population with low seedlings density in
... [1]. Extensive collection of the plants and destruction of their habitat threaten their biological viability, and Dioon edule is therefore listed as an endangered species by the Mexican government [2] and as near threatened by IUCN [3]. These plants are important from an evolutionary standpoint beca ...
... [1]. Extensive collection of the plants and destruction of their habitat threaten their biological viability, and Dioon edule is therefore listed as an endangered species by the Mexican government [2] and as near threatened by IUCN [3]. These plants are important from an evolutionary standpoint beca ...
BIO101 - National Open University of Nigeria
... activities in the protoplasm, many materials formed (byproducts) which are not beneficial to the cell and if left will cause harm to the cell. 1.3.5 Reproduction ...
... activities in the protoplasm, many materials formed (byproducts) which are not beneficial to the cell and if left will cause harm to the cell. 1.3.5 Reproduction ...
Chapter 4 - Aggie Horticulture
... located between the scales of the female cones. Haploid male and female gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote that develendosperm The major ops into the embryo storage tissue in seeds. within the seed. Storage It is derived from the tissue (endosperm) in a ...
... located between the scales of the female cones. Haploid male and female gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote that develendosperm The major ops into the embryo storage tissue in seeds. within the seed. Storage It is derived from the tissue (endosperm) in a ...
PDF Full-text
... breeding programs were not initiated in the Andes until the 1960s, and elsewhere from the 1970s onwards [3,4]. Breeding efforts are currently in progress at various institutions across the world [4]. In the United States, Washington State University is focusing on several important traits for improv ...
... breeding programs were not initiated in the Andes until the 1960s, and elsewhere from the 1970s onwards [3,4]. Breeding efforts are currently in progress at various institutions across the world [4]. In the United States, Washington State University is focusing on several important traits for improv ...
PLoS ONE
... flowers to attract insects or vertebrate pollinators, which transport pollen from one plant to another, thereby enabling outcrossing. Outcrossing contributes to the evolutionary success of angiosperms and lack of pollination often limits fruit yield [3]. Nectar rewards immensely influence pollinator ...
... flowers to attract insects or vertebrate pollinators, which transport pollen from one plant to another, thereby enabling outcrossing. Outcrossing contributes to the evolutionary success of angiosperms and lack of pollination often limits fruit yield [3]. Nectar rewards immensely influence pollinator ...
The Biology and Ecology of Carnations November 2006
... Carnations are exotic to Australia but have been grown commercially as a flower crop since 1954. In 2006, the carnation industry produced approximately 140 million cut-flowers per annum across a total of 100 ha in Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, and New South Wales. Victoria is the lar ...
... Carnations are exotic to Australia but have been grown commercially as a flower crop since 1954. In 2006, the carnation industry produced approximately 140 million cut-flowers per annum across a total of 100 ha in Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, and New South Wales. Victoria is the lar ...
Chapter 21: Introduction to Plants
... glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. The exchange of gases between plant tissues and the environment is necessary for photosynthesis to occur. If the cuticle reduces water loss, it also might prevent the exchange of gases between a plant and its environment. Stomata (singular, stoma) ar ...
... glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. The exchange of gases between plant tissues and the environment is necessary for photosynthesis to occur. If the cuticle reduces water loss, it also might prevent the exchange of gases between a plant and its environment. Stomata (singular, stoma) ar ...
STaTUS and limiTing faCToRS of THRee RaRe planT SpeCieS in
... Sampling Methods.................................................................................................... 9 Size Class Structure, Growth, and Mortality...................................................... 9 Natural populations.............................................................. ...
... Sampling Methods.................................................................................................... 9 Size Class Structure, Growth, and Mortality...................................................... 9 Natural populations.............................................................. ...
Gibberellin induces diploid pollen formation by
... lead to pre-meiotic genome duplication and the associated formation of tetraploid meiocytes and diploid pollen grains (De Storme and Geelen, 2013). As the main cellular process driving sexual polyploidization, meiotic restitution can be classified into three types of mechanisms: omission of meiosis ...
... lead to pre-meiotic genome duplication and the associated formation of tetraploid meiocytes and diploid pollen grains (De Storme and Geelen, 2013). As the main cellular process driving sexual polyploidization, meiotic restitution can be classified into three types of mechanisms: omission of meiosis ...
Grape Berry Growth and Development
... 5.2). Each of the five stamens, the male, pollen-bearing organs of the flower, consists of a pollen-producing anther and a filament or stalk. The female pistil consists of a stigma, a style, and an ovary. The stigma serves as the receiver of pollen. The style is a short, slender column of tissue ari ...
... 5.2). Each of the five stamens, the male, pollen-bearing organs of the flower, consists of a pollen-producing anther and a filament or stalk. The female pistil consists of a stigma, a style, and an ovary. The stigma serves as the receiver of pollen. The style is a short, slender column of tissue ari ...
Developmental Evolution of the Sexual Process in
... paradigms about the origin and early evolution of flowering plant reproductive features are in the midst of being substantially overthrown. For more than a century, the ‘‘defining’’ features of flowering plant reproductive biology have been thought to be well circumscribed. Typically, in angiosperms ...
... paradigms about the origin and early evolution of flowering plant reproductive features are in the midst of being substantially overthrown. For more than a century, the ‘‘defining’’ features of flowering plant reproductive biology have been thought to be well circumscribed. Typically, in angiosperms ...
Molecular and Fossil Evidence on the Origin of Angiosperms
... (Doyle & Donoghue 1993). From a phylogenetic point of view, the origin of angiosperms can be broken into two related problems, which are loosely comparable with the classic questions, “What were the first angiosperms like?” and “What did they come from?” The first problem is where the crown group tree ...
... (Doyle & Donoghue 1993). From a phylogenetic point of view, the origin of angiosperms can be broken into two related problems, which are loosely comparable with the classic questions, “What were the first angiosperms like?” and “What did they come from?” The first problem is where the crown group tree ...
Molecular and Fossil Evidence on the Origin of Angiosperms
... (Doyle & Donoghue 1993). From a phylogenetic point of view, the origin of angiosperms can be broken into two related problems, which are loosely comparable with the classic questions, “What were the first angiosperms like?” and “What did they come from?” The first problem is where the crown group tree ...
... (Doyle & Donoghue 1993). From a phylogenetic point of view, the origin of angiosperms can be broken into two related problems, which are loosely comparable with the classic questions, “What were the first angiosperms like?” and “What did they come from?” The first problem is where the crown group tree ...
Cone size is related to branching architecture in conifers
... Branch diameter is a strong predictor of cone size across conifer species, particularly for pollen cones and dry seed cones. However, these relationships are complex in detail because leaf morphology and seed dispersal biology influence the specific ways in which they are expressed. The ubiquity ...
... Branch diameter is a strong predictor of cone size across conifer species, particularly for pollen cones and dry seed cones. However, these relationships are complex in detail because leaf morphology and seed dispersal biology influence the specific ways in which they are expressed. The ubiquity ...
Efecto de la hormiga tejedora, Oecophylla smaragdina, sobre la
... aceptación de que existe especialización entre plantas y sus polinizadores (Waser, Chittka et al. 1996). No obstante, estudios más recientes demostraron que en la mayoría de casos, el ajuste entre las características florales y el polinizador no es tan específica, y que distintos grupos de polinizad ...
... aceptación de que existe especialización entre plantas y sus polinizadores (Waser, Chittka et al. 1996). No obstante, estudios más recientes demostraron que en la mayoría de casos, el ajuste entre las características florales y el polinizador no es tan específica, y que distintos grupos de polinizad ...
Chapter 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology
... ! Fertilization, the fusion of gametes, occurs after the two sperm reach the female gametophyte ...
... ! Fertilization, the fusion of gametes, occurs after the two sperm reach the female gametophyte ...
Lecture 23.
... Apocarpous Gynoecium (Apo means Separate) • 4. Primitive Carpel which has folded and fused along the margin so that the Ovules are enclosed & surrounded by the Lamina. • 5. Cross Section of a Simple Carpel. Some Flowers like Legumes have a Gynoecium of One Simple Carpel ...
... Apocarpous Gynoecium (Apo means Separate) • 4. Primitive Carpel which has folded and fused along the margin so that the Ovules are enclosed & surrounded by the Lamina. • 5. Cross Section of a Simple Carpel. Some Flowers like Legumes have a Gynoecium of One Simple Carpel ...
Flower Parts
... Floral nectaries – Petal-like Some Euphorbia pulcherrima) species produce nectar glands on colored, petal-like appendages often bordering the edge of a cyanthium. The color of the petal-like nectar appendage may be involved in attracting pollinators. Euphorbia amygdaloides ...
... Floral nectaries – Petal-like Some Euphorbia pulcherrima) species produce nectar glands on colored, petal-like appendages often bordering the edge of a cyanthium. The color of the petal-like nectar appendage may be involved in attracting pollinators. Euphorbia amygdaloides ...
Pollination
Pollination is a process by which pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of the plant, thereby enabling fertilization and reproduction. It is unique to the angiosperms, the flower-bearing plants.In spite of a common perception that pollen grains are gametes, like the sperm cells of animals, this is incorrect; pollination is an event in the alternation of generations. Each pollen grain is a male haploid gametophyte, adapted to being transported to the female gametophyte, where it can effect fertilization by producing the male gamete (or gametes), in the process of double fertilization). A successful angiosperm pollen grain (gametophyte) containing the male gametes is transported to the stigma, where it germinates and its pollen tube grows down the style to the ovary. Its two gametes travel down the tube to where the gametophyte(s) containing the female gametes are held within the carpel. One nucleus fuses with the polar bodies to produce the endosperm tissues, and the other with the ovule to produce the embryo Hence the term: ""double fertilization"".In gymnosperms, the ovule is not contained in a carpel, but exposed on the surface of a dedicated support organ, such as the scale of a cone, so that the penetration of carpel tissue is unnecessary. Details of the process vary according to the division of gymnosperms in question.The receptive part of the carpel is called a stigma in the flowers of angiosperms. The receptive part of the gymnosperm ovule is called the micropyle. Pollination is a necessary step in the reproduction of flowering plants, resulting in the production of offspring that are genetically diverse.The study of pollination brings together many disciplines, such as botany, horticulture, entomology, and ecology. The pollination process as an interaction between flower and pollen vector was first addressed in the 18th century by Christian Konrad Sprengel. It is important in horticulture and agriculture, because fruiting is dependent on fertilization: the result of pollination. The study of pollination by insects is known as anthecology.