Abrupt Ocean Anoxia During the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction
... There have been two major increases in marine biodiversity during the Phanerozoic, the first during the early Paleozoic and the second during the Mesozoic (Sheehan, 2001a; Stanley, 2007; Servais and Owen, 2010). The early Paleozoic expansion in marine biodiversity consists of the “Cambrian Explosion ...
... There have been two major increases in marine biodiversity during the Phanerozoic, the first during the early Paleozoic and the second during the Mesozoic (Sheehan, 2001a; Stanley, 2007; Servais and Owen, 2010). The early Paleozoic expansion in marine biodiversity consists of the “Cambrian Explosion ...
Trace metal composition of suspended particulate matter in
... characteristic features in the vertical profiles occur at different depths but generally fall on the same density surfaces (Vinogradov and Nalbandov, 1990; Codispoti et al., 1991; Lewis and Landing, 1991; Tuğrul et al., 1992; Saydam et al., 1993; Murray et al., 1995). Thus, we use density, rather tha ...
... characteristic features in the vertical profiles occur at different depths but generally fall on the same density surfaces (Vinogradov and Nalbandov, 1990; Codispoti et al., 1991; Lewis and Landing, 1991; Tuğrul et al., 1992; Saydam et al., 1993; Murray et al., 1995). Thus, we use density, rather tha ...
Changes in the Si/P weathering ratio and their effect on the selection
... contribution of diatoms to export production and increases the efficiency of the ocean‘s biologically-driven C sequestration. Here we combine analyses of data from the sedimentary record and Earth system model simulations to investigate the coupling of P and Si weathering fluxes over the last 40 mil ...
... contribution of diatoms to export production and increases the efficiency of the ocean‘s biologically-driven C sequestration. Here we combine analyses of data from the sedimentary record and Earth system model simulations to investigate the coupling of P and Si weathering fluxes over the last 40 mil ...
Review of the Current State of Development and the Potential for
... brief description of the ecology of these habitats based on current scientific knowledge is described below. 2.1 Seamounts Seamounts are undersea mountains which are usually formed by volcanic activity and often occur in chains or clusters. Globally, there are estimated to be over 30,000 seamounts r ...
... brief description of the ecology of these habitats based on current scientific knowledge is described below. 2.1 Seamounts Seamounts are undersea mountains which are usually formed by volcanic activity and often occur in chains or clusters. Globally, there are estimated to be over 30,000 seamounts r ...
Report in Word Format - Caribbean Environment Programme
... this concern, national research institutions and international organizations have undertaken technical actions as well as the preparation of legal instruments for the prevention and control of marine and coastal pollution within the Wider Caribbean Region. As early as 1973 the International Co-ordin ...
... this concern, national research institutions and international organizations have undertaken technical actions as well as the preparation of legal instruments for the prevention and control of marine and coastal pollution within the Wider Caribbean Region. As early as 1973 the International Co-ordin ...
MBI1500173_PRF_EB
... Microalgal blooms are a natural part of the seasonal cycle of photosynthetic organisms in marine ecosystems. They are key components of the structure and dynamics of the oceans and thus sustain the benefits that humans obtain from these aquatic environments. However, some microalgal blooms can cause ...
... Microalgal blooms are a natural part of the seasonal cycle of photosynthetic organisms in marine ecosystems. They are key components of the structure and dynamics of the oceans and thus sustain the benefits that humans obtain from these aquatic environments. However, some microalgal blooms can cause ...
Strategic Research Agenda for the Black Sea Basin - SEAS-ERA
... use of existing resources and capacities, to bridge identified gaps, to avoid duplication, to jointly fund strategic projects of mutual interest and, in so doing, contribute to the sustainable development of the marine resource and improve the establishment of the marine component of the European Re ...
... use of existing resources and capacities, to bridge identified gaps, to avoid duplication, to jointly fund strategic projects of mutual interest and, in so doing, contribute to the sustainable development of the marine resource and improve the establishment of the marine component of the European Re ...
Marine litter in Nordic waters
... Marine litter, i.e. man-made solid waste in the marine environment, has become a subject of major concern in recent decades, due to the increasing awareness of the widespread occurrence of litter in the marine environment. Globally, huge amounts of man-made solid waste materials end up in the oceans ...
... Marine litter, i.e. man-made solid waste in the marine environment, has become a subject of major concern in recent decades, due to the increasing awareness of the widespread occurrence of litter in the marine environment. Globally, huge amounts of man-made solid waste materials end up in the oceans ...
Nitrogen isotopes in bulk marine sediment: linking seafloor
... nitrate itself is determined by fractionation during the uptake of nitrate by phytoplankton (Needoba et al., 2004) and the conversion of bioavailable N to N2 gas by denitrification (including anammox) (Brandes and Devol, 1997). Both of these reactions are more rapid for 14 N than for 15 N, leaving t ...
... nitrate itself is determined by fractionation during the uptake of nitrate by phytoplankton (Needoba et al., 2004) and the conversion of bioavailable N to N2 gas by denitrification (including anammox) (Brandes and Devol, 1997). Both of these reactions are more rapid for 14 N than for 15 N, leaving t ...
Marine Litter in Nordic waters
... Marine litter, i.e. man-made solid waste in the marine environment, has become a subject of major concern in recent decades, due to the increasing awareness of the widespread occurrence of litter in the marine environment. Globally, huge amounts of man-made solid waste materials end up in the oceans ...
... Marine litter, i.e. man-made solid waste in the marine environment, has become a subject of major concern in recent decades, due to the increasing awareness of the widespread occurrence of litter in the marine environment. Globally, huge amounts of man-made solid waste materials end up in the oceans ...
The distribution and structure of coral reefs: one
... evident that because the lithosphere behaves elastically in response to loads such as islands, more localized subsidence and uplift patterns can also be explained. Tectonically active areas, where one plate is subducted beneath another, are also likely to contain regions of marked uplift, but are le ...
... evident that because the lithosphere behaves elastically in response to loads such as islands, more localized subsidence and uplift patterns can also be explained. Tectonically active areas, where one plate is subducted beneath another, are also likely to contain regions of marked uplift, but are le ...
Marine ecology: Attack of the blobs
... In most other cases, however, the trends are not so clear cut. So in 2010, the biologists on the task force began a Jellyfish Database Initiative (JEDI), compiling every scientific jellyfish record they could find, and they expect to continue expanding this resource. Some researchers are also teami ...
... In most other cases, however, the trends are not so clear cut. So in 2010, the biologists on the task force began a Jellyfish Database Initiative (JEDI), compiling every scientific jellyfish record they could find, and they expect to continue expanding this resource. Some researchers are also teami ...
Sites of significance for indigenous marine biodiversity in the
... either shallow coastal areas or deep water areas. Only one habitat occurs in part on the shelf. This reflects our poor knowledge of shelf ecosystems in the Wellington region rather than indicating that shelf habitats are any less important. The sites and habitats identified as containing significant ...
... either shallow coastal areas or deep water areas. Only one habitat occurs in part on the shelf. This reflects our poor knowledge of shelf ecosystems in the Wellington region rather than indicating that shelf habitats are any less important. The sites and habitats identified as containing significant ...
The Effects of Plastic Pollution on Aquatic Wildlife
... Stephanis et al. 2013; Baulch and Perry 2014). However, these examples show that plastic marine debris can cause direct mortality of cetaceans or even create debilitating scenarios that make the mammals more prone to predation or disease. 2.2.3 Birds Small plastics such as bottle caps are often mist ...
... Stephanis et al. 2013; Baulch and Perry 2014). However, these examples show that plastic marine debris can cause direct mortality of cetaceans or even create debilitating scenarios that make the mammals more prone to predation or disease. 2.2.3 Birds Small plastics such as bottle caps are often mist ...
IV. Review of previous analysis of options for preventing and
... Cold seep ecosystems occur on active and passive continental margins, where methane-rich fluids, or higher hydrocarbons emerge from seafloor sediments without an appreciable temperature rise when fluids reach the seafloor (Sibuet and Olu-Le Roy 1998; 2002; Levin 2005). The first cold-seep ecosystem ...
... Cold seep ecosystems occur on active and passive continental margins, where methane-rich fluids, or higher hydrocarbons emerge from seafloor sediments without an appreciable temperature rise when fluids reach the seafloor (Sibuet and Olu-Le Roy 1998; 2002; Levin 2005). The first cold-seep ecosystem ...
First Census of Marine Life 2010: Highlights of a Decade of Discovery
... 1. The oceans encompass almost 10 times as much deep sea (averaging 4,000 meters) as shallow shelf (up to 200 meters). Shelves may be as narrow as 5 kilometers (e.g., off California or Chile) or as wide as hundreds of kilometers (e.g., off China or Argentina). Until recently, most human activities, ...
... 1. The oceans encompass almost 10 times as much deep sea (averaging 4,000 meters) as shallow shelf (up to 200 meters). Shelves may be as narrow as 5 kilometers (e.g., off California or Chile) or as wide as hundreds of kilometers (e.g., off China or Argentina). Until recently, most human activities, ...
Deep-Sea Ecosystems: Pristine Biodiversity Reservoir and
... the continental slope, between 3,000 and 6,000 m depth. Abyssal plains are covered by a thick layer of fine sediment that can reach thousands of metres in thickness, resulting in the popular picture of a flat, monotonous deep-sea bed. The main characteristics of water masses at abyssal plains are: l ...
... the continental slope, between 3,000 and 6,000 m depth. Abyssal plains are covered by a thick layer of fine sediment that can reach thousands of metres in thickness, resulting in the popular picture of a flat, monotonous deep-sea bed. The main characteristics of water masses at abyssal plains are: l ...
Observations of floating anthropogenic litter in the Barents Sea and
... dominates floating litter and tends to drift along the main currents (Prokhorova 2014), with most counts located between 69° and 74°N and 25° and 45°E—an area influenced by the North Cape and Murman Currents. However, the area surveyed is located further to the east than ours, north of Murmansk, and ...
... dominates floating litter and tends to drift along the main currents (Prokhorova 2014), with most counts located between 69° and 74°N and 25° and 45°E—an area influenced by the North Cape and Murman Currents. However, the area surveyed is located further to the east than ours, north of Murmansk, and ...
Study of the relationship between the Convention on
... high financial costs encountered by any exploratory activities, very few States, including multinationals from those States, have the technical, financial and human resources to access and exploit deep marine areas. Indeed, deep-ocean scientific expeditions can cost up to $30,000 per day, and usuall ...
... high financial costs encountered by any exploratory activities, very few States, including multinationals from those States, have the technical, financial and human resources to access and exploit deep marine areas. Indeed, deep-ocean scientific expeditions can cost up to $30,000 per day, and usuall ...
Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: A
... Thermoplastics are distinguished from thermoset plastics; liquids which are ‘‘set’’ by the use of a catalyst, and scorch rather than remelt when exposed to heat. Thermoset plastics also break into small bits and persist in the environment, and though produced in less quantity than thermoplastics, ar ...
... Thermoplastics are distinguished from thermoset plastics; liquids which are ‘‘set’’ by the use of a catalyst, and scorch rather than remelt when exposed to heat. Thermoset plastics also break into small bits and persist in the environment, and though produced in less quantity than thermoplastics, ar ...
Deep-Sea Life
... to correct and comment on initial findings and to share additional information. The total scores in this study reflect transparency as measured against current good practices in RFMOs as a whole, rather than some sort of idealistic benchmark. Each question should therefore be seen as a diagnostic to ...
... to correct and comment on initial findings and to share additional information. The total scores in this study reflect transparency as measured against current good practices in RFMOs as a whole, rather than some sort of idealistic benchmark. Each question should therefore be seen as a diagnostic to ...
1 NERP Marine Biodiversity Hub final report Jun10 2015 WEB
... information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information w ...
... information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information w ...
O V : E
... intensified exploitation of new species could eventually increase worldwide landings from 60 million metric tons in 1966 to 440–550 million tons.1 That Commission saw fisheries as an area of immense opportunity, and called for the expansion of U.S. fishing capability. Unfortunately, events over the ...
... intensified exploitation of new species could eventually increase worldwide landings from 60 million metric tons in 1966 to 440–550 million tons.1 That Commission saw fisheries as an area of immense opportunity, and called for the expansion of U.S. fishing capability. Unfortunately, events over the ...
Western Indian Ocean
... Biogeographic classifications are used to understand how and where species are distributed, and to mark the boundaries between oceanographic regimes. They help to assess which habitats, communities and species could be subject to disproportionate impact due to concentration of human activities, rari ...
... Biogeographic classifications are used to understand how and where species are distributed, and to mark the boundaries between oceanographic regimes. They help to assess which habitats, communities and species could be subject to disproportionate impact due to concentration of human activities, rari ...
The Interplay of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the
... into account the effect of exploitation on dependent and associated species the Convention on the Law of the Sea has taken a first step towards an ecosystem approach. The guidance provided for by the Convention on the Law of the Sea concerning the management regime is less explicit. It is for the Co ...
... into account the effect of exploitation on dependent and associated species the Convention on the Law of the Sea has taken a first step towards an ecosystem approach. The guidance provided for by the Convention on the Law of the Sea concerning the management regime is less explicit. It is for the Co ...
Raised beach
A raised beach, marine terrace, or perched coastline is an emergent coastal landform. Raised beaches and marine terraces are beaches or wave-cut platforms raised above the shore line by a relative fall in the sea level.Around the world, a combination of tectonic coastal uplift and Quaternary sea-level fluctuations has resulted in the formation of marine terrace sequences, most of which were formed during separate interglacial highstands that can be correlated to Marine Oxygen Isotopic Stages (MIS) (for example, Johnson and Libbey (1997).A marine terrace commonly retains a shoreline angle or inner edge, the slope inflection between the marine abrasion platform and the associated paleo sea-cliff. The shoreline angle represents the maximum shoreline of a transgression and therefore a paleo sea level.