DS3F White Paper - Deep Sea Frontier
... thus can system complexity and interactions be properly addressed and new forms of governance in research through consensus and continuous dialogue be introduced. The way forward is described in the communication on the “European Strategy for Marine and Maritime Research”, released in September 2008 ...
... thus can system complexity and interactions be properly addressed and new forms of governance in research through consensus and continuous dialogue be introduced. The way forward is described in the communication on the “European Strategy for Marine and Maritime Research”, released in September 2008 ...
doalos - a/66/70 - Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform
... under pressure, and aquaculture is expanding. Climate change causes fish populations to be redistributed towards the poles, and tropical oceans become comparatively less diverse. Sea level rise threatens many coastal ecosystems. Ocean acidification weakens the ability of shellfish, corals and marine ...
... under pressure, and aquaculture is expanding. Climate change causes fish populations to be redistributed towards the poles, and tropical oceans become comparatively less diverse. Sea level rise threatens many coastal ecosystems. Ocean acidification weakens the ability of shellfish, corals and marine ...
Acoustic study of the Rıo de la Plata estuarine front
... 1977). Further, a comparison was made between the in situ measured area backscattering strength (Sa), and the hypothetical Sa. Theoretical values were estimated from the abundance of different plankton groups and employing sound-scattering models, as suggested by Stanton and Chu (2000), Lavery et al. ...
... 1977). Further, a comparison was made between the in situ measured area backscattering strength (Sa), and the hypothetical Sa. Theoretical values were estimated from the abundance of different plankton groups and employing sound-scattering models, as suggested by Stanton and Chu (2000), Lavery et al. ...
THE ACTION PLAN FOR GOOS/GCOS AND SUSTAINED
... Programme (TOGA), the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), and the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX). These programs were planned and implemented in the mid-to-late 1980s to address fundamental questions concerning climate variability and change. Although these experiments have ...
... Programme (TOGA), the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), and the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX). These programs were planned and implemented in the mid-to-late 1980s to address fundamental questions concerning climate variability and change. Although these experiments have ...
The strengthening East Australian Current, its eddies and
... 100–200 nautical miles north of Sydney, to form the eastward flowing Tasman Front and a southward flowing eddy field. The separation zone greatly influences coastal ecosystems for the relatively narrow continental shelf (only 15–50 km wide), particularly between 32–341S. In this region the continental s ...
... 100–200 nautical miles north of Sydney, to form the eastward flowing Tasman Front and a southward flowing eddy field. The separation zone greatly influences coastal ecosystems for the relatively narrow continental shelf (only 15–50 km wide), particularly between 32–341S. In this region the continental s ...
4.4. Phytoplankton and primary productivity off Northwest Africa The
... decomposition. Oceanographers often refer to this process as the "biological pump", as it pumps CO2 out of the surface of the ocean and atmosphere into the voluminous deep ocean (Volk and Hoffert, 1985). The ocean response to climate change, and particularly the response of EBUEs, that account fo ...
... decomposition. Oceanographers often refer to this process as the "biological pump", as it pumps CO2 out of the surface of the ocean and atmosphere into the voluminous deep ocean (Volk and Hoffert, 1985). The ocean response to climate change, and particularly the response of EBUEs, that account fo ...
Conservation and Sustainable Use of Arctic Marine Biodiversity
... than the numbers of individuals of a population or of species. It also involves the variation and distribution within a species and between species.13 The concept is evidently more varied than the concepts of ‘environment’ used in the LOS Convention.14 The rationale for conserving biological diversi ...
... than the numbers of individuals of a population or of species. It also involves the variation and distribution within a species and between species.13 The concept is evidently more varied than the concepts of ‘environment’ used in the LOS Convention.14 The rationale for conserving biological diversi ...
as a PDF
... some minor spills from offshore oil production. Low level hydrocarbons in the sea are often found due to the effluents of sewage outfalls, industrial discharge, ballasting and deballasting operations of oil tankers and atmospheric rain-out which includes incompletely combusted oil products. The coas ...
... some minor spills from offshore oil production. Low level hydrocarbons in the sea are often found due to the effluents of sewage outfalls, industrial discharge, ballasting and deballasting operations of oil tankers and atmospheric rain-out which includes incompletely combusted oil products. The coas ...
File - Mr. Tugman`s Earth Science
... Recall that Earth’s magnetic field is much like that of a bar magnet. Geophysicists learned that Earth’s magnetic field occasionally reverses polarity. That is, the north magnetic pole becomes the south magnetic pole, and vice versa. Scientists graphed these reversals of polarity going back millions o ...
... Recall that Earth’s magnetic field is much like that of a bar magnet. Geophysicists learned that Earth’s magnetic field occasionally reverses polarity. That is, the north magnetic pole becomes the south magnetic pole, and vice versa. Scientists graphed these reversals of polarity going back millions o ...
Marine Biodiversity Conservation Strategy
... occur completely different ecosystems in the deep sea. ...
... occur completely different ecosystems in the deep sea. ...
Witch sole, Northern stock, demersal trawl
... discarding is reduced, and improved information on catches is available. Moreover, there is more flexibility for fishermen to use the additional days at sea up to the point when they run out of quota, and there is an incentive to use more selective gear in order to target more marketable fish. Since ...
... discarding is reduced, and improved information on catches is available. Moreover, there is more flexibility for fishermen to use the additional days at sea up to the point when they run out of quota, and there is an incentive to use more selective gear in order to target more marketable fish. Since ...
Getting Up Close and Personal with Antarctic Icebergs
... of ice—some as large as a dozen miles across—are having a major impact on the ecology of the ocean around them, serving as “hotspots” for ocean life, with thriving communities of seabirds above and a web of phytoplankton, krill, and fish below. The icebergs hold trapped terrestrial material, which ...
... of ice—some as large as a dozen miles across—are having a major impact on the ecology of the ocean around them, serving as “hotspots” for ocean life, with thriving communities of seabirds above and a web of phytoplankton, krill, and fish below. The icebergs hold trapped terrestrial material, which ...
Coastal Areas - Arab Forum for Environment and Development
... low elevation on most of its coasts off of North Africa attract tourism from all over the region. In addition, the gradual development of large economic and industrial centres of Arab countries such as the cities of Alexandria, Port Said, Damietta, Benghazi, Tunis, Casablanca and Beirut helped the d ...
... low elevation on most of its coasts off of North Africa attract tourism from all over the region. In addition, the gradual development of large economic and industrial centres of Arab countries such as the cities of Alexandria, Port Said, Damietta, Benghazi, Tunis, Casablanca and Beirut helped the d ...
Circulation and hydrological characteristics of the North Aegean Sea
... Sea of Thrace (Fig. 6). This weakening and shift of the anticyclone due to its interaction with the BSW front is responsible for the reversal of flow recorded by the Athos buoy current-meter at the beginning of October. Similar flow reversals are observed throughout the period 2000-2001. These chang ...
... Sea of Thrace (Fig. 6). This weakening and shift of the anticyclone due to its interaction with the BSW front is responsible for the reversal of flow recorded by the Athos buoy current-meter at the beginning of October. Similar flow reversals are observed throughout the period 2000-2001. These chang ...
Coupled Biological and Physical Models
... individuals encounter favorable feeding environments. Some of these studies have also been used to explore other spatially dependent interactions between predators and their prey. For example, the perception of prey by fish larvae can be effectively increased or reduced as a consequence of local var ...
... individuals encounter favorable feeding environments. Some of these studies have also been used to explore other spatially dependent interactions between predators and their prey. For example, the perception of prey by fish larvae can be effectively increased or reduced as a consequence of local var ...
Contaminants in the arctic marine environment
... rather than altered the basic constituents of the natural environment. Human activities may have perturbed natural cycles by, for example, mobilizing metals through mining or producing PAHs as a byproduct of the combustion of fossil fuels but, due to the underlying natural cycle, it is often difficu ...
... rather than altered the basic constituents of the natural environment. Human activities may have perturbed natural cycles by, for example, mobilizing metals through mining or producing PAHs as a byproduct of the combustion of fossil fuels but, due to the underlying natural cycle, it is often difficu ...
Hydrography shapes bacterial biogeography of the deep
... identified on the basis of their salinity–temperature characteristics (McLaughlin et al., 2004; Rudels et al., 2004; Tang et al., 2004). Samples from the Baffin Bay and Canada Basin (Figure 1) were collected from the Canadian icebreaker CCGS Louis St Laurent as part of the International Polar Year s ...
... identified on the basis of their salinity–temperature characteristics (McLaughlin et al., 2004; Rudels et al., 2004; Tang et al., 2004). Samples from the Baffin Bay and Canada Basin (Figure 1) were collected from the Canadian icebreaker CCGS Louis St Laurent as part of the International Polar Year s ...
Deep-Sea Life
... The deep sea is often viewed as a vast, dark, remote, and inhospitable environment, yet the deep ocean and seafloor are crucial to our lives through the services that they provide. Our understanding of how the deep sea functions remains limited, but when treated synoptically, a diversity of supporti ...
... The deep sea is often viewed as a vast, dark, remote, and inhospitable environment, yet the deep ocean and seafloor are crucial to our lives through the services that they provide. Our understanding of how the deep sea functions remains limited, but when treated synoptically, a diversity of supporti ...
An Indian Ocean Observing Strategy
... coastal marine ecosystems. The coral reefs of the Indian Ocean spread over 1,85,000 km2, close to about 30 % of the global reef cover. The mangroves spread over 37,000 km2 or about 10% of the world mangrove area, with the world’s second largest mangrove forest (Sunderbans) lying in the Gangetic delt ...
... coastal marine ecosystems. The coral reefs of the Indian Ocean spread over 1,85,000 km2, close to about 30 % of the global reef cover. The mangroves spread over 37,000 km2 or about 10% of the world mangrove area, with the world’s second largest mangrove forest (Sunderbans) lying in the Gangetic delt ...
Student report - cloudfront.net
... spreading, there are no axial troughs; instead they have rift valley floors separated by 10 to 20 kilometers. The East Pacific Rise is fast spreading, while the Mid Atlantic is slow spreading. The ecosystem around the vents is based on chemosynthesis, a process similar to photosynthesis. Chemosynthe ...
... spreading, there are no axial troughs; instead they have rift valley floors separated by 10 to 20 kilometers. The East Pacific Rise is fast spreading, while the Mid Atlantic is slow spreading. The ecosystem around the vents is based on chemosynthesis, a process similar to photosynthesis. Chemosynthe ...
7.1-7.2 Bay of Biscay and Iberian ecosystem overview
... warmer (subtropical) waters over the shelf break (Frouin et al., 1990; Haynes and Barton, 1990; Pingree and Le Cann, 1990; Ruiz-Villareal et al., 2006) (Figures 7.1.2 and 7.1.3). These waters (the Iberian Poleward Current) (Peliz et al., 2003b) contribute to fronts over the shelf that determine the ...
... warmer (subtropical) waters over the shelf break (Frouin et al., 1990; Haynes and Barton, 1990; Pingree and Le Cann, 1990; Ruiz-Villareal et al., 2006) (Figures 7.1.2 and 7.1.3). These waters (the Iberian Poleward Current) (Peliz et al., 2003b) contribute to fronts over the shelf that determine the ...
Public Comments on the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy’s Preliminary Report
... collaboration efforts where there is not an already existing NEP. Reducing Point Sources of Pollution and Increasing the Focus on Nonpoint Sources of Pollution Recommendations 14-1, 14-2, 14-3, 14-4, 14-5, 14-6, 14-11, 14-12, 14-14 ANEP supports the Commission’s recommendations for improvements to p ...
... collaboration efforts where there is not an already existing NEP. Reducing Point Sources of Pollution and Increasing the Focus on Nonpoint Sources of Pollution Recommendations 14-1, 14-2, 14-3, 14-4, 14-5, 14-6, 14-11, 14-12, 14-14 ANEP supports the Commission’s recommendations for improvements to p ...
Guam 1
... recommendations contained in the report can have major impacts, especially on an island like Guam where our entire landmass is coastal in nature, and such a short timeline does not provide enough time to thoroughly assess the report and its broad implications. Second, the report unfortunately follo ...
... recommendations contained in the report can have major impacts, especially on an island like Guam where our entire landmass is coastal in nature, and such a short timeline does not provide enough time to thoroughly assess the report and its broad implications. Second, the report unfortunately follo ...
Report of the 5th Session of the Indian Ocean Panel
... Support Systems that provide software interfaces for policy makers. The synergy between the first three building blocks produces an optimal estimate of the present and near future state of the system that is considered to be the basic information before any decision about prevention or mitigation ac ...
... Support Systems that provide software interfaces for policy makers. The synergy between the first three building blocks produces an optimal estimate of the present and near future state of the system that is considered to be the basic information before any decision about prevention or mitigation ac ...
Scripps Scientists Explore the Mysteries and Challenges of the
... Over the past 40 years a revolution in technology has led to discovery of a wealth of new life forms, symbioses, communities and ecosystems in the deep sea, many close to home on our continental margins. Driven by increasing levels of carbon dioxide, these margin systems are experiencing changes in ...
... Over the past 40 years a revolution in technology has led to discovery of a wealth of new life forms, symbioses, communities and ecosystems in the deep sea, many close to home on our continental margins. Driven by increasing levels of carbon dioxide, these margin systems are experiencing changes in ...
Marine pollution
Marine pollution occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful, effects result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms. Most sources of marine pollution are land based. The pollution often comes from nonpoint sources such as agricultural runoff, wind-blown debris and dust. Nutrient pollution, a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients. It is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters, in which excess nutrients, usually nitrogen or phosphorus, stimulate algae growth.Many potentially toxic chemicals adhere to tiny particles which are then taken up by plankton and benthos animals, most of which are either deposit or filter feeders. In this way, the toxins are concentrated upward within ocean food chains. Many particles combine chemically in a manner highly depletive of oxygen, causing estuaries to become anoxic.When pesticides are incorporated into the marine ecosystem, they quickly become absorbed into marine food webs. Once in the food webs, these pesticides can cause mutations, as well as diseases, which can be harmful to humans as well as the entire food web.Toxic metals can also be introduced into marine food webs. These can cause a change to tissue matter, biochemistry, behaviour, reproduction, and suppress growth in marine life. Also, many animal feeds have a high fish meal or fish hydrolysate content. In this way, marine toxins can be transferred to land animals, and appear later in meat and dairy products.