1 - ScienceA2Z.com
... about 2 million people a year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and in agriculture, so antibiotic resistance is becoming common. In industry, bacteria are important in sewage treatment, the production of cheese and yoghurt throu ...
... about 2 million people a year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and in agriculture, so antibiotic resistance is becoming common. In industry, bacteria are important in sewage treatment, the production of cheese and yoghurt throu ...
Bacteria
... sulfur, sulfate, and oxygen (see chapter 10). Prokaryotic cells can also be chemoautotrophic, using the energy stored in chemical bonds of inorganic molecules to synthesize carbohydrates; eukaryotes are not capable of this metabolic process. Bacteria are the oldest and most abundant organisms on ear ...
... sulfur, sulfate, and oxygen (see chapter 10). Prokaryotic cells can also be chemoautotrophic, using the energy stored in chemical bonds of inorganic molecules to synthesize carbohydrates; eukaryotes are not capable of this metabolic process. Bacteria are the oldest and most abundant organisms on ear ...
Effect of Citrus aurantifolia juice on the shelf
... The organism is responsible for staphylococcal food poisoning (Hobbs and Robert, 1993). The occurrence of Pseudomonas spp. also could be as a result of contamination from food handlers or water since the organism is found in water and on skin surface as flora to the skin (Balcht and Smith, 1994). Th ...
... The organism is responsible for staphylococcal food poisoning (Hobbs and Robert, 1993). The occurrence of Pseudomonas spp. also could be as a result of contamination from food handlers or water since the organism is found in water and on skin surface as flora to the skin (Balcht and Smith, 1994). Th ...
Quaternary ammonium compounds in cosmetic products Risk
... the skin, mouth and gastrointestinal tract and the upper respiratory tract. The normal flora contains numerous bacterial species, and numerous strains within each species. Although it may contain pathogens, the vast majority are commensals that contribute to general health as well as to resistance t ...
... the skin, mouth and gastrointestinal tract and the upper respiratory tract. The normal flora contains numerous bacterial species, and numerous strains within each species. Although it may contain pathogens, the vast majority are commensals that contribute to general health as well as to resistance t ...
chapter 27 - Biology Junction
... The flagella of prokaryotes differ in structure and function from those of eukaryotes. In a heterogeneous environment, many prokaryotes are capable of taxis, movement toward or away from a stimulus. Prokaryotes that exhibit chemotaxis respond to chemicals by changing their movement patterns. ...
... The flagella of prokaryotes differ in structure and function from those of eukaryotes. In a heterogeneous environment, many prokaryotes are capable of taxis, movement toward or away from a stimulus. Prokaryotes that exhibit chemotaxis respond to chemicals by changing their movement patterns. ...
Relationships between common water bacteria
... bacterial genotype to respond phenotypically to environmental stimuli, rather than the power of its genetic repertoire, that has produced the extensive development of bacteria. A general phenotypic strategy has little by little become apparent in many bacterial strains, as we have come to understand ...
... bacterial genotype to respond phenotypically to environmental stimuli, rather than the power of its genetic repertoire, that has produced the extensive development of bacteria. A general phenotypic strategy has little by little become apparent in many bacterial strains, as we have come to understand ...
Chapter 8 Disinfection、sterilization and validation
... • Most of the microorganisms are vital to humans, animals and plants. • Only a small number of microorganisms, known as pathogenic microorganisms, can cause human, animal and plant diseases. • Pathogenic microorganisms invade the host, interact with the host’s defense systems and result in patholog ...
... • Most of the microorganisms are vital to humans, animals and plants. • Only a small number of microorganisms, known as pathogenic microorganisms, can cause human, animal and plant diseases. • Pathogenic microorganisms invade the host, interact with the host’s defense systems and result in patholog ...
- Research Journal of Pharmacognosy
... Background and objectives: Resistance towards reveling antibiotics has captured great interest in evaluating the antimicrobial properties of the natural plants. Taraxacum mongolicum is widely used as a folklore medicinal plant for its diuretic, antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory properties. Though ...
... Background and objectives: Resistance towards reveling antibiotics has captured great interest in evaluating the antimicrobial properties of the natural plants. Taraxacum mongolicum is widely used as a folklore medicinal plant for its diuretic, antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory properties. Though ...
Medicinal Chemistry of Modern Antibiotics
... Prelude to Antibiotics: Leeuwenhoek & The Birth of Microbiology ...
... Prelude to Antibiotics: Leeuwenhoek & The Birth of Microbiology ...
ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
... properties; Hilgren et al. [4] found that B. cereus spores are by 1.5–2.5 log more resistant to peracetic acid than the B. subtilis spores. In the studies based on the suspension method, concerning the influence of Steridial P, whose main component is 1% peracetic acid, it has been demonstrated that ...
... properties; Hilgren et al. [4] found that B. cereus spores are by 1.5–2.5 log more resistant to peracetic acid than the B. subtilis spores. In the studies based on the suspension method, concerning the influence of Steridial P, whose main component is 1% peracetic acid, it has been demonstrated that ...
V. Cholerae
... Lifecycle of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae: • can shed ten trillion bacteria per day • these bacteria are highly motile ...
... Lifecycle of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae: • can shed ten trillion bacteria per day • these bacteria are highly motile ...
Features of biofilms
... Quorum-sensing-interfering compounds either produced naturally by certain eukaryotic hosts, synthesized by chemical methods, or produced by creating transgenic plants all have either a positive or a negative effect on the expression of bacterial phenotypes regulated by quorum sensing. It is also pos ...
... Quorum-sensing-interfering compounds either produced naturally by certain eukaryotic hosts, synthesized by chemical methods, or produced by creating transgenic plants all have either a positive or a negative effect on the expression of bacterial phenotypes regulated by quorum sensing. It is also pos ...
27_DetailLectOutjk_AR
... When researchers began to sequence the genes of prokaryotes, they could only investigate those species that can be cultured in the laboratory, a tiny minority of all prokaryotes. Norman Price of the University of Colorado pioneered methods that allow researchers to sample genetic material directly ...
... When researchers began to sequence the genes of prokaryotes, they could only investigate those species that can be cultured in the laboratory, a tiny minority of all prokaryotes. Norman Price of the University of Colorado pioneered methods that allow researchers to sample genetic material directly ...
chapter 27
... They concluded that many prokaryotes once classified as bacteria are actually more closely related to eukaryotes and that they belong in a domain of their own—Archaea. Microbiologists have since analyzed larger amounts of genetic data, including whole genomes of some species. They found that a f ...
... They concluded that many prokaryotes once classified as bacteria are actually more closely related to eukaryotes and that they belong in a domain of their own—Archaea. Microbiologists have since analyzed larger amounts of genetic data, including whole genomes of some species. They found that a f ...
Cultivation of purple phototrophic bacteria using
... Azad et al., (2001) studied growth and production of biomass of Rhodovulvum sulphidophilum in sardine processing waste water. The processed fish water is rich in organic nutrients due to blood, tissue and fish extracts. Such organic waste is used as substrate for the production of phototrophic bacte ...
... Azad et al., (2001) studied growth and production of biomass of Rhodovulvum sulphidophilum in sardine processing waste water. The processed fish water is rich in organic nutrients due to blood, tissue and fish extracts. Such organic waste is used as substrate for the production of phototrophic bacte ...
Biofilms in the dairy industry
... • Adsorption of organic compounds • Enable diverse microbial communities (Marshall 1972) Problems • water processes, including corrosion, loss of process efficiency such as heat transfer, and health issues such as Legionella infection. Biofilm forming organism • bacteria, fungi, algae, protazoa ...
... • Adsorption of organic compounds • Enable diverse microbial communities (Marshall 1972) Problems • water processes, including corrosion, loss of process efficiency such as heat transfer, and health issues such as Legionella infection. Biofilm forming organism • bacteria, fungi, algae, protazoa ...
Formation and Transformation of Clay Minerals: the Role of Bacteria
... decidedly poor. It is enough to think that sometimes is difficult, or well nigh impossible, to even identify a species. The metabolism and the activities of many taxa are unknown and, consequently, their role in abiotic processes are unknown. However, also in this case, the enormous progresses of te ...
... decidedly poor. It is enough to think that sometimes is difficult, or well nigh impossible, to even identify a species. The metabolism and the activities of many taxa are unknown and, consequently, their role in abiotic processes are unknown. However, also in this case, the enormous progresses of te ...
Glencoe Biology
... live in hot, acidic environments. Halophiles (HA luh filz) live in very salty environments. Methanogens (meh THAHN oh jenz) cannot live in the presence of oxygen. ...
... live in hot, acidic environments. Halophiles (HA luh filz) live in very salty environments. Methanogens (meh THAHN oh jenz) cannot live in the presence of oxygen. ...
Yeast and Their Uses in Feed
... 96.8 Yeast culture* is the dried product composed of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or Kluyveromyces marxianus) and the media on which it was grown, dried in such a manner as to preserve the fermenting activity of the yeast. The media must be stated on the label. *Note: No reference to media in ...
... 96.8 Yeast culture* is the dried product composed of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or Kluyveromyces marxianus) and the media on which it was grown, dried in such a manner as to preserve the fermenting activity of the yeast. The media must be stated on the label. *Note: No reference to media in ...
Microbiology and Mycology.doc
... In this activity, you will learn about the history of microbiology and appreciate the discoveries of microbes, microscopes and the development of the sterile culture technique. Microorganisms are quite diverse in their distribution, appearance, physiology and metabolism, including their genetics. Ba ...
... In this activity, you will learn about the history of microbiology and appreciate the discoveries of microbes, microscopes and the development of the sterile culture technique. Microorganisms are quite diverse in their distribution, appearance, physiology and metabolism, including their genetics. Ba ...
Animal Pavilion
... electrons from ammonia's nitrogen atom to produce energy. In this image, created with a transmission electron microscope, we can see the interior of one of this microbe's cells. The semi-transparent, roughly circular area towards the top of this image (just left of center) is a cross-section of one ...
... electrons from ammonia's nitrogen atom to produce energy. In this image, created with a transmission electron microscope, we can see the interior of one of this microbe's cells. The semi-transparent, roughly circular area towards the top of this image (just left of center) is a cross-section of one ...
Bacteria and Viruses
... Nutrient cycling and nitrogen fixation Bacteria are decomposers, returning vital nutrients to the environment. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in a symbiotic relationship in the root nodules of plants such as soybeans, clover, and alfalfa. ...
... Nutrient cycling and nitrogen fixation Bacteria are decomposers, returning vital nutrients to the environment. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in a symbiotic relationship in the root nodules of plants such as soybeans, clover, and alfalfa. ...
IMPROVEMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COMPOUNDS
... is an urgent need to discover new antibiotics to treat multidrug-resistant infections. Microorganisms are a virtually unlimited source of novel chemical structures with many potential therapeutic applications (Behal, 2000). Microorganisms grow in unique and extreme habitats, they may have the capabi ...
... is an urgent need to discover new antibiotics to treat multidrug-resistant infections. Microorganisms are a virtually unlimited source of novel chemical structures with many potential therapeutic applications (Behal, 2000). Microorganisms grow in unique and extreme habitats, they may have the capabi ...
Intestinal microbiota and metabolites—Implications for broiler
... genome such that the host can be described as host-microbe superorganism [4]. One of the preconditions for a long-term coadaptation of the gut microbiota is the uninterrupted transfer of maternal intestinal bacteria to the next generation. If this lineage breaks, the superorganism ceases to exist an ...
... genome such that the host can be described as host-microbe superorganism [4]. One of the preconditions for a long-term coadaptation of the gut microbiota is the uninterrupted transfer of maternal intestinal bacteria to the next generation. If this lineage breaks, the superorganism ceases to exist an ...
3 C - Microbiology - Noakhali Science and Technology University
... abiogenesis; fermentation process; germ theory of disease; Koch’s postulates; development of laboratory techniques; vaccination; antisepsis; chemotherapy. 2. Scope of Microbiology: in medical, food and dairy, agriculture, industry, health and sanitation, environment and pollution control. 3. Prokary ...
... abiogenesis; fermentation process; germ theory of disease; Koch’s postulates; development of laboratory techniques; vaccination; antisepsis; chemotherapy. 2. Scope of Microbiology: in medical, food and dairy, agriculture, industry, health and sanitation, environment and pollution control. 3. Prokary ...
Microorganism
A microorganism (from the Greek: μικρός, mikros, ""small"" and ὀργανισμός, organismós, ""organism"") is a microscopic living organism, which may be single celled or multicellular. The study of microorganisms is called microbiology, a subject that began with the discovery of microorganisms in 1674 by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, using a microscope of his own design.Microorganisms are very diverse and include all the bacteria and archaea and almost all the protozoa. They also include some fungi, algae, and certain animals, such as rotifers. Many macroscopic animals and plants have microscopic juvenile stages. Some microbiologists also classify viruses (and viroids) as microorganisms, but others consider these as nonliving.Microorganisms live in every part of the biosphere, including soil, hot springs, ""seven miles deep"" in the ocean, ""40 miles high"" in the atmosphere and inside rocks far down within the Earth's crust (see also endolith). Microorganisms, under certain test conditions, have been observed to thrive in the vacuum of outer space. The total amount of soil and subsurface bacterial carbon is estimated as 5 x 1017 g, or the ""weight of the United Kingdom"". The mass of prokaryote microorganisms — which includes bacteria and archaea, but not the nucleated eukaryote microorganisms — may be as much as 0.8 trillion tons of carbon (of the total biosphere mass, estimated at between 1 and 4 trillion tons). On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested microbial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench. the deepest spot in the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microorganisms thrive inside rocks up to 580 m (1,900 ft; 0.36 mi) below the sea floor under 2,590 m (8,500 ft; 1.61 mi) of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States, as well as 2,400 m (7,900 ft; 1.5 mi) beneath the seabed off Japan. On 20 August 2014, scientists confirmed the existence of microorganisms living 800 m (2,600 ft; 0.50 mi) below the ice of Antarctica. According to one researcher,""You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are.""Microorganisms are crucial to nutrient recycling in ecosystems as they act as decomposers. As some microorganisms can fix nitrogen, they are a vital part of the nitrogen cycle, and recent studies indicate that airborne microorganisms may play a role in precipitation and weather. Microorganisms are also exploited in biotechnology, both in traditional food and beverage preparation, and in modern technologies based on genetic engineering. A small proportion of microorganisms are pathogenic and cause disease and even death in plants and animals. Microorganisms are often referred to as microbes, but this is usually used in reference to pathogens.