Chapter 2. Algebra
... devised for things other than numbers. Addition and multiplication can be generalized and their precise definitions lead to structures such as groups, rings and fields, studied in the area of mathematics called abstract algebra. These are some parts of algebra such as: Abstract algebra, sometimes ...
... devised for things other than numbers. Addition and multiplication can be generalized and their precise definitions lead to structures such as groups, rings and fields, studied in the area of mathematics called abstract algebra. These are some parts of algebra such as: Abstract algebra, sometimes ...
Working With Matrices in R
... If we want to reference an element in the vector, we use square brackets, e.g., > vec[5] This will give us the fifth element of the vector vec. If we want to reference a consecutive subset of the vector, we use the colon operator within the square brackets, e.g., > vec[2:7] This will give us element ...
... If we want to reference an element in the vector, we use square brackets, e.g., > vec[5] This will give us the fifth element of the vector vec. If we want to reference a consecutive subset of the vector, we use the colon operator within the square brackets, e.g., > vec[2:7] This will give us element ...
Mathematics of radio engineering
The mathematics of radio engineering is the mathematical description by complex analysis of the electromagnetic theory applied to radio. Waves have been studied since ancient times and many different techniques have developed of which the most useful idea is the superposition principle which apply to radio waves. The Huygen's principle, which says that each wavefront creates an infinite number of new wavefronts that can be added, is the base for this analysis.