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Real Analysis - University of Illinois at Chicago
Real Analysis - University of Illinois at Chicago

... In Chapter 0 we review the basic ideas of mathematics and logical reasoning needed to complete the study. Like Euclid’s Basic Notions, these are the things about sets and logic that we hold to be self-evident and natural for gluing together formal arguments of proof. This chapter can be covered sepa ...
Critical Areas Summary
Critical Areas Summary

MATHEMATICAL REMINISCENCES: HOW TO KEEP THE POT BOILING
MATHEMATICAL REMINISCENCES: HOW TO KEEP THE POT BOILING

Discrete Mathematics: Chapter 2, Predicate Logic
Discrete Mathematics: Chapter 2, Predicate Logic

Critical areas Math K.12
Critical areas Math K.12

6•3  Lesson 1 Problem Set
6•3 Lesson 1 Problem Set

... The fuel gauge in Nic’s car says that he has 26 miles to go until his tank is empty. He passed a fuel station 19 miles ago and a sign says there is a town only 8 miles ahead. If he takes a chance and drives ahead to the town and there isn’t a fuel station there, does he have enough fuel to go back t ...
real numbers
real numbers

Spring 2007 Math 510 Hints for practice problems
Spring 2007 Math 510 Hints for practice problems

Types of Numbers - SD43 Teacher Sites
Types of Numbers - SD43 Teacher Sites

... The sum of the cubes of the first n odd numbers is 2n4 - n2 = n2(2n2 - 1). The sum of the cubes of the first n even numbers is 2n4 + 4n3 + 2n2 = 2n2(n + 1)2. The sum of the first n cubes, 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 +........+ n3 is equal to the square of the sum of the first n integers. Thus, 13 + 23 + 33 + ...
Towards NP−P via Proof Complexity and Search
Towards NP−P via Proof Complexity and Search

Chapter 6 Integers and Rational Numbers
Chapter 6 Integers and Rational Numbers

Knowre`s Alignment to CCSS Mathematics Standards
Knowre`s Alignment to CCSS Mathematics Standards

Nu1nber Theory
Nu1nber Theory

The Connectedness of Arithmetic Progressions in
The Connectedness of Arithmetic Progressions in

... arithmetic progressions in Golomb’s topology D on N. Theorem 3.3. Let a, b ∈ N. The arithmetic progression {an + b} is connected in (N, D) if and only if Θ(a) ⊆ Θ(b). In particular, i) the progression {an} is D-connected, and ii) if the progression {an + b} is an element of the basis B, then it is D ...
On the representation of integers as sums of triangular number
On the representation of integers as sums of triangular number

... using modular form theory. Incidentally, Gauss’ famous Eureka theorem asserts that every non-negative integer is represented as a sum of three triangular numbers. In our notation this says that if n ≥ 0, then δ3 (n) > 0. The reader may consult [1] for a discussion of this theorem. Now we give some b ...
Conversions Among Number Systems
Conversions Among Number Systems

Lesson 1:  Opposite Quantities Combine to Make Zero 7•2  Lesson 1
Lesson 1: Opposite Quantities Combine to Make Zero 7•2 Lesson 1

Grade 7 Mathematics Module 2, Topic B, Lesson 16
Grade 7 Mathematics Module 2, Topic B, Lesson 16

Situation 39: Summing Natural Numbers
Situation 39: Summing Natural Numbers

Predicate Logic for Software Engineering
Predicate Logic for Software Engineering

...  Since under conventional interpretations a logical expression that includes partial functions will have a defined value only when the values assigned to all function arguments are within functions’ domains. Such interpretations are of limited usefulness when describing software because we frequent ...
PA Ch_5 ISG
PA Ch_5 ISG

a basis for a mathematical theory of computation
a basis for a mathematical theory of computation

A Basis for a Mathematical Theory of Computation
A Basis for a Mathematical Theory of Computation

... subscripts) for variables and will suppose that there is a notation for constants that does not make expressions ambiguous. (Thus, the decimal notation is allowed for constants when we are dealing with integers.) The class of forms is defined recursively as follows: (i) A variable x with an associat ...
Grade Level Focus - Curriculum-Instruction
Grade Level Focus - Curriculum-Instruction

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Foundations of mathematics

Foundations of mathematics is the study of the logical and philosophical basis of mathematics, or, in a broader sense, the mathematical investigation of what underlies the philosophical theories concerning the nature of mathematics. In this latter sense, the distinction between foundations of mathematics and philosophy of mathematics turns out to be quite vague. Foundations of mathematics can be conceived as the study of the basic mathematical concepts (number, geometrical figure, set, function, etc.) and how they form hierarchies of more complex structures and concepts, especially the fundamentally important structures that form the language of mathematics (formulas, theories and their models giving a meaning to formulas, definitions, proofs, algorithms, etc.) also called metamathematical concepts, with an eye to the philosophical aspects and the unity of mathematics. The search for foundations of mathematics is a central question of the philosophy of mathematics; the abstract nature of mathematical objects presents special philosophical challenges.The foundations of mathematics as a whole does not aim to contain the foundations of every mathematical topic.Generally, the foundations of a field of study refers to a more-or-less systematic analysis of its most basic or fundamental concepts, its conceptual unity and its natural ordering or hierarchy of concepts, which may help to connect it with the rest of human knowledge. The development, emergence and clarification of the foundations can come late in the history of a field, and may not be viewed by everyone as its most interesting part.Mathematics always played a special role in scientific thought, serving since ancient times as a model of truth and rigor for rational inquiry, and giving tools or even a foundation for other sciences (especially physics). Mathematics' many developments towards higher abstractions in the 19th century brought new challenges and paradoxes, urging for a deeper and more systematic examination of the nature and criteria of mathematical truth, as well as a unification of the diverse branches of mathematics into a coherent whole.The systematic search for the foundations of mathematics started at the end of the 19th century and formed a new mathematical discipline called mathematical logic, with strong links to theoretical computer science.It went through a series of crises with paradoxical results, until the discoveries stabilized during the 20th century as a large and coherent body of mathematical knowledge with several aspects or components (set theory, model theory, proof theory, etc.), whose detailed properties and possible variants are still an active research field.Its high level of technical sophistication inspired many philosophers to conjecture that it can serve as a model or pattern for the foundations of other sciences.
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