Electric Currents – The Key to Magnetic Fields
... emerges from a solid. ‡ In the Sun’s southern hemisphere, the secondary surface current is flowing northward toward the solar equator. The resulting magnetic field will emerge (north magnetic pole) to the west of the current and return down to the surface (forming a south magnetic pole) to the east ...
... emerges from a solid. ‡ In the Sun’s southern hemisphere, the secondary surface current is flowing northward toward the solar equator. The resulting magnetic field will emerge (north magnetic pole) to the west of the current and return down to the surface (forming a south magnetic pole) to the east ...
Electron Firehose instability and acceleration of electrons in solar
... 1) Shock Acceleration: There are two types of shock acceleration. The one referred to as ’shock drift acceleration’ involves the shock electric field that reflects and accelerates the particles moving along the shock surface. Since this mechanism is only effective when the shock normal approaches an ...
... 1) Shock Acceleration: There are two types of shock acceleration. The one referred to as ’shock drift acceleration’ involves the shock electric field that reflects and accelerates the particles moving along the shock surface. Since this mechanism is only effective when the shock normal approaches an ...
UAH
... How can it last from L=7 down to L=3? Minimal Theory: – Nose ions generate field-aligned potential at 1/2 of their total kinetic energy which extract the ions from deep within the ionosphere. – Space Charge ...
... How can it last from L=7 down to L=3? Minimal Theory: – Nose ions generate field-aligned potential at 1/2 of their total kinetic energy which extract the ions from deep within the ionosphere. – Space Charge ...
Project Gamma - World of Teaching
... Only created by radioactive atoms and nuclear reactions. The hottest regions of the universe produce them. Formed by Supernovae, Pulsars, Neutron Stars, Black holes, and Gamma Ray Bursters. ...
... Only created by radioactive atoms and nuclear reactions. The hottest regions of the universe produce them. Formed by Supernovae, Pulsars, Neutron Stars, Black holes, and Gamma Ray Bursters. ...
Electron and Ion Dynamics of the Solar Wind Interaction with a
... electron and ion flows. The total electron energy distribution [Fig. 4(c)] is once again the sum of Figs. 4(a) and 4(b). Close to the comet we observe a warm ∼5-eV component of cometary origin and a 10–20-eV suprathermal component of solar wind origin. Our simulation self-consistently generates both ...
... electron and ion flows. The total electron energy distribution [Fig. 4(c)] is once again the sum of Figs. 4(a) and 4(b). Close to the comet we observe a warm ∼5-eV component of cometary origin and a 10–20-eV suprathermal component of solar wind origin. Our simulation self-consistently generates both ...
Title Three-dimensional diagnostics of dynamic behaviors of excited
... the electron energy and density [9] in the small volume of a PDP discharge cell. We have developed a microscopic laser-absorption method [6], [7], which has a spatiotemporal resolution better than 20 m and 5 ns, and applied it to the measurements of excited Xe(1s , 1s ; hereafter Paschen notation is ...
... the electron energy and density [9] in the small volume of a PDP discharge cell. We have developed a microscopic laser-absorption method [6], [7], which has a spatiotemporal resolution better than 20 m and 5 ns, and applied it to the measurements of excited Xe(1s , 1s ; hereafter Paschen notation is ...
Physics of Stars and the Measurement Data: Part III
... The atomic substance at low temperature exists as condensed matter (solid or liquid). At high temperature it transforms into gas phase. The electron -nuclear plasma can exist in four states. It can be relativistic or non-relativistic. The electron gas of non-relativistic plasma can be degenerate (co ...
... The atomic substance at low temperature exists as condensed matter (solid or liquid). At high temperature it transforms into gas phase. The electron -nuclear plasma can exist in four states. It can be relativistic or non-relativistic. The electron gas of non-relativistic plasma can be degenerate (co ...
Mars Express - The Scientific Investigations: ASPERA-3
... nature, such as impact erosion by objects infalling from space, are excluded. Nonthermal escape is not unrelated to thermal escape, because most nonthermal escape processes are based on photoionisation, i.e. ionisation of the neutral upper atmosphere. The electromagnetic radiation from the Sun also ...
... nature, such as impact erosion by objects infalling from space, are excluded. Nonthermal escape is not unrelated to thermal escape, because most nonthermal escape processes are based on photoionisation, i.e. ionisation of the neutral upper atmosphere. The electromagnetic radiation from the Sun also ...
ASPERA-3: Analyser of Space Plasmas and
... simulated images for the energy range 0.1-1.65 keV is reproduced in Fig. 4. The projection is similar to that used for hydrogen ENA images but the polar axis in the vantage point points towards the centre of the planet. The image shows a strong ENA jet from the subsolar point, where the electric and ...
... simulated images for the energy range 0.1-1.65 keV is reproduced in Fig. 4. The projection is similar to that used for hydrogen ENA images but the polar axis in the vantage point points towards the centre of the planet. The image shows a strong ENA jet from the subsolar point, where the electric and ...
Dissipation and heating in solar wind turbulence: from the macro to
... theory and proceed to compare these with thermal proton heating using a very large ensemble of 1 h field and particle data intervals from 12 years of ACE spacecraft observations. One of the most interesting results of this study are that the measured energy cascade rates show highly intermittent val ...
... theory and proceed to compare these with thermal proton heating using a very large ensemble of 1 h field and particle data intervals from 12 years of ACE spacecraft observations. One of the most interesting results of this study are that the measured energy cascade rates show highly intermittent val ...
Magnetic Reconnection Project
... • Can plasmoids produce fast MHD reconnection in the corona? Daughton et al ‘09 Bhattacharjee et al. (2009) Cassak et al. (2009) Uzdensky et al. (2010) Shepherd and Cassak (2010) Huang et al (2011) ...
... • Can plasmoids produce fast MHD reconnection in the corona? Daughton et al ‘09 Bhattacharjee et al. (2009) Cassak et al. (2009) Uzdensky et al. (2010) Shepherd and Cassak (2010) Huang et al (2011) ...
On the electron temperature downstream of the solar wind
... of stochastic processes. In this paper we shall therefore not only consider shocks that conserve magnetic particle moments and thereby strongly heat particles, but also pay attention to the very different influence this has on electrons compared to ions, as we shall show. Another encouragement for p ...
... of stochastic processes. In this paper we shall therefore not only consider shocks that conserve magnetic particle moments and thereby strongly heat particles, but also pay attention to the very different influence this has on electrons compared to ions, as we shall show. Another encouragement for p ...
Gravitational lensing in presence of plasma O.Yu. Tsupko G.S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan
... Gravitational lensing in case of strong deflection, strong deflection limit (short review) If the photon impact parameter is close to its critical value, photon which goes from infinity can perform several turns around the central object and then go to infinity. In this case deflection angle is not ...
... Gravitational lensing in case of strong deflection, strong deflection limit (short review) If the photon impact parameter is close to its critical value, photon which goes from infinity can perform several turns around the central object and then go to infinity. In this case deflection angle is not ...