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Chapter 1. Threats to freshwater biodiversity globally and in
... headwater streams tend to be isolated habitats for fully aquatic species, even if they are in adjacent valleys and geographically proximate, because there can be large ‘stream distances’ between them (Clarke et al. 2007). Geographic distance is a more appropriate measure of isolation among lakes or ...
... headwater streams tend to be isolated habitats for fully aquatic species, even if they are in adjacent valleys and geographically proximate, because there can be large ‘stream distances’ between them (Clarke et al. 2007). Geographic distance is a more appropriate measure of isolation among lakes or ...
disturbance moderates biodiversity–ecosystem
... Abstract. We present empirical evidence that the direct and indirect effects of species richness on ecological processes depend on a system’s disturbance regime. We manipulated the number of species of freshwater suspension feeders (net-spinning caddisflies) in laboratory stream mesocosms where comm ...
... Abstract. We present empirical evidence that the direct and indirect effects of species richness on ecological processes depend on a system’s disturbance regime. We manipulated the number of species of freshwater suspension feeders (net-spinning caddisflies) in laboratory stream mesocosms where comm ...
Dolichonyx oryzivorus Species Code: B-BOBO Status: Blue
... grazing in tall grasslands and negatively to heavy grazing in shorter grasslands (Vandamme 1995). In British Columbia, the Bobolink appears to be dependent on artificially cultivated habitats and therefore much of its habitat is on privately owned land. ...
... grazing in tall grasslands and negatively to heavy grazing in shorter grasslands (Vandamme 1995). In British Columbia, the Bobolink appears to be dependent on artificially cultivated habitats and therefore much of its habitat is on privately owned land. ...
Effects of habitat and substrate complexity on
... processes (Connell & Jones, 1991; Harmelin-Vivien et al., 1995; Juanes, 2007). The relationship between fish and substrate type has been studied both in coral (e.g. Holbrook et al., 2000; McClanahan & Arthur, 2001; Messmer et al., 2011) and temperate regions (e.g. Jenkins & Wheatley, 1998; Tuya et a ...
... processes (Connell & Jones, 1991; Harmelin-Vivien et al., 1995; Juanes, 2007). The relationship between fish and substrate type has been studied both in coral (e.g. Holbrook et al., 2000; McClanahan & Arthur, 2001; Messmer et al., 2011) and temperate regions (e.g. Jenkins & Wheatley, 1998; Tuya et a ...
Assessing the diversity, abundance and
... Figure 3. The distribution of frog species within each survey sites._____________________________ 19 Figure 4. MDS plot of frog communities within permanent and temporary waterbodies ____________ 20 Figure 5 Mean (± SE) species richness in permanent and temporary sample sites. _________________ 21 F ...
... Figure 3. The distribution of frog species within each survey sites._____________________________ 19 Figure 4. MDS plot of frog communities within permanent and temporary waterbodies ____________ 20 Figure 5 Mean (± SE) species richness in permanent and temporary sample sites. _________________ 21 F ...
Macrophyte species composition reflecting water quality changes in
... The manifold role of aquatic macrophytes in lake ecology is closely linked to their distribution and biomass, which in turn is a synergy of various environmental factors. The implication of different environmental variables on macrophyte speciation and life form structure in lake Hiidenvesi, with an ...
... The manifold role of aquatic macrophytes in lake ecology is closely linked to their distribution and biomass, which in turn is a synergy of various environmental factors. The implication of different environmental variables on macrophyte speciation and life form structure in lake Hiidenvesi, with an ...
Spatiotemporal variation in functional and taxonomic organization of
... utilized a scheme proposed by Matthews (1998) that expanded traditional trophic groups to include the manner in which fishes affect ecosystem level processes by examining what fish eat, where they find food, and how they consume resources in their assessment of scale dependence in niche partitioning ...
... utilized a scheme proposed by Matthews (1998) that expanded traditional trophic groups to include the manner in which fishes affect ecosystem level processes by examining what fish eat, where they find food, and how they consume resources in their assessment of scale dependence in niche partitioning ...
Succession - WordPress.com
... (spread) and then germinate in new locations. 2. Plants with each other for light, water, and nutrients. The best “competitor” wins. ...
... (spread) and then germinate in new locations. 2. Plants with each other for light, water, and nutrients. The best “competitor” wins. ...
Summer feeding relationships of the co
... species showed a higher number of prey items, an increase of the diet diversity and a higher occurrence of algae and plant material as fish grew larger. The only non-significant t-test comparison between size classes diversity values was the one between <70 mm TL vs. 70–80 mm TL G. lozanoi. Accordin ...
... species showed a higher number of prey items, an increase of the diet diversity and a higher occurrence of algae and plant material as fish grew larger. The only non-significant t-test comparison between size classes diversity values was the one between <70 mm TL vs. 70–80 mm TL G. lozanoi. Accordin ...
shipping pathways of effects
... The wake and propeller wash of moving vessels can affect community composition and abundance, particularly of benthic organisms. Wake and propeller wash can also change the physical structure of shorelines and bottom habitats through sediment disturbance and/or erosion, which may potentially render ...
... The wake and propeller wash of moving vessels can affect community composition and abundance, particularly of benthic organisms. Wake and propeller wash can also change the physical structure of shorelines and bottom habitats through sediment disturbance and/or erosion, which may potentially render ...
2.2 Measuring abiotic components of the system
... of biomass represents the standing stock of each trophic level measured in units such as grams of biomass per square metre (g m–2). Biomass may also be measured in units of energy, such as J m–2. In accordance with the second law of thermodynamics, there is a tendency for numbers and quantities of b ...
... of biomass represents the standing stock of each trophic level measured in units such as grams of biomass per square metre (g m–2). Biomass may also be measured in units of energy, such as J m–2. In accordance with the second law of thermodynamics, there is a tendency for numbers and quantities of b ...
A Field Atlas of the Seashore
... • Productivity (biomass) is low on the upper shore but increases towards the lower shore • Descending the shore there is an increase in species diversity and community complexity • Competition increases towards the lower shore Zonation is well marked on rocky shores. This is due to the environmental ...
... • Productivity (biomass) is low on the upper shore but increases towards the lower shore • Descending the shore there is an increase in species diversity and community complexity • Competition increases towards the lower shore Zonation is well marked on rocky shores. This is due to the environmental ...
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society High Diet Overlap
... well as among habitats and across seasons with dynamic food resource availability and foraging conditions. Thus, evaluating the potential for competition based on diet overlap may require comprehensive assessment of fish diets across both space and time. The dearth of such investigations for small f ...
... well as among habitats and across seasons with dynamic food resource availability and foraging conditions. Thus, evaluating the potential for competition based on diet overlap may require comprehensive assessment of fish diets across both space and time. The dearth of such investigations for small f ...
Proe 8th Int Coral Reef Sym 2:1393
... cuspidifera are nothing but elaborate incurrent siphons, comparable to those of Aka !=Siphonodictyon) and some ...
... cuspidifera are nothing but elaborate incurrent siphons, comparable to those of Aka !=Siphonodictyon) and some ...
2016.17 Ecology, Ongoing Expectations
... CLE 3255.T/E.2 Differentiate among elements of the engineering design cycle: design constraints, model building, testing, evaluating, modifying, and retesting. CLE 3255.T/E.3 Explain the relationship between the properties of a material and the use of the material in the application of a technology ...
... CLE 3255.T/E.2 Differentiate among elements of the engineering design cycle: design constraints, model building, testing, evaluating, modifying, and retesting. CLE 3255.T/E.3 Explain the relationship between the properties of a material and the use of the material in the application of a technology ...
The Science of Biogeography
... dispersal, and extinctions of taxa and biotas Ecological Biogeography – Accounts for the present distributions in terms of interactions between organisms and their physical and biotic environments Paleoecology – Bridges the gap between these two fields, investigating the relationships between commun ...
... dispersal, and extinctions of taxa and biotas Ecological Biogeography – Accounts for the present distributions in terms of interactions between organisms and their physical and biotic environments Paleoecology – Bridges the gap between these two fields, investigating the relationships between commun ...
NICHE DIVERSIFICATION OF CONIDAE IN MO`OREA, FRENCH
... that determine species habitat selection. This is the case with the tropical land snails in Borneo, whose abundance and species richness decline with increasing elevation (Liew et al. 2009). In the tropics, temperature and area are the main factors that decrease with high elevation, as seasonality d ...
... that determine species habitat selection. This is the case with the tropical land snails in Borneo, whose abundance and species richness decline with increasing elevation (Liew et al. 2009). In the tropics, temperature and area are the main factors that decrease with high elevation, as seasonality d ...
Lotic EcologyPT2
... Shredders and Gougers • Consume CPOM (> 1 mm mesh) - leaves, etc., and thus depend heavily on seasonal inputs of leaves to the stream • Mouthparts usually “chewing” (e.g., many Trichoptera) • Leaves entering the stream are first “conditioned” by bacteria and fungi, reducing their toughness and creat ...
... Shredders and Gougers • Consume CPOM (> 1 mm mesh) - leaves, etc., and thus depend heavily on seasonal inputs of leaves to the stream • Mouthparts usually “chewing” (e.g., many Trichoptera) • Leaves entering the stream are first “conditioned” by bacteria and fungi, reducing their toughness and creat ...
Sustainable Ecosystems Sustainable Ecosystems
... soil is saturated with water for at least part of the year. Wetlands provide a home for many different species of fish, plants, insects, and birds. Many people also use wetlands for camping, fishing, and wildlife viewing. Pollution and urban development have affected Cootes Paradise, but another fac ...
... soil is saturated with water for at least part of the year. Wetlands provide a home for many different species of fish, plants, insects, and birds. Many people also use wetlands for camping, fishing, and wildlife viewing. Pollution and urban development have affected Cootes Paradise, but another fac ...
Ecological consequences of hydropower development
... species count increased with downstream distance from the dam. However, estimated species richness and overall fish abundance were not significantly correlated with downstream distance from the dam. Our results suggested that effects of stream dewatering may be most pronounced for a subset of species ...
... species count increased with downstream distance from the dam. However, estimated species richness and overall fish abundance were not significantly correlated with downstream distance from the dam. Our results suggested that effects of stream dewatering may be most pronounced for a subset of species ...
The Informational Proceeding to Develop Flow Criteria for the Delta Ecosystem
... Example 3: Flows That Dilute Pollution. Another flow related correlation may result from the dilution of various forms of pollution. That is, higher flows reduce the concentration of various pollutants such as pesticides and nutrients. To the extent that pollutant concentrations, for example, suppre ...
... Example 3: Flows That Dilute Pollution. Another flow related correlation may result from the dilution of various forms of pollution. That is, higher flows reduce the concentration of various pollutants such as pesticides and nutrients. To the extent that pollutant concentrations, for example, suppre ...
AP Environmental Science First Semester Final Review
... differential heating on heating of air above land and water Relationship between high and low pressure areas and amount of precipitation. (Fig. p. 143) Effect of temperature on water vapor capacity and how increasing altitude reduces air’s ability to hold water vapor because air usually cools as ...
... differential heating on heating of air above land and water Relationship between high and low pressure areas and amount of precipitation. (Fig. p. 143) Effect of temperature on water vapor capacity and how increasing altitude reduces air’s ability to hold water vapor because air usually cools as ...
IB ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS AND SOCIETIES 2016
... of biomass represents the standing stock of each trophic level measured in units such as grams of biomass per square metre (g m–2). Biomass may also be measured in units of energy, such as J m–2. In accordance with the second law of thermodynamics, there is a tendency for numbers and quantities of b ...
... of biomass represents the standing stock of each trophic level measured in units such as grams of biomass per square metre (g m–2). Biomass may also be measured in units of energy, such as J m–2. In accordance with the second law of thermodynamics, there is a tendency for numbers and quantities of b ...
Appendix_GCB-formatted
... that allow a population growth rate to be zero or positive. The niche can be though of as a n dimensional volume with its n axes represented by requisite resources. MacArthur & Levins (MacArthur & Levins, 1967) extend the theory by considering niche axes as "resource utilization" axes (Schoener, 200 ...
... that allow a population growth rate to be zero or positive. The niche can be though of as a n dimensional volume with its n axes represented by requisite resources. MacArthur & Levins (MacArthur & Levins, 1967) extend the theory by considering niche axes as "resource utilization" axes (Schoener, 200 ...
Deep pelagic biology - School of Ocean and Earth Science and
... The physical and chemical properties of the oceanic water column show considerable variability within the upper kilometer but at greater depths they remain relatively constant. Conditions in the horizontal plane are spatially homogeneous and have been very stable over time. Patterns of seasonal and ...
... The physical and chemical properties of the oceanic water column show considerable variability within the upper kilometer but at greater depths they remain relatively constant. Conditions in the horizontal plane are spatially homogeneous and have been very stable over time. Patterns of seasonal and ...
River ecosystem
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stream_in_the_redwoods.jpg?width=300)
The ecosystem of a river is the river viewed as a system operating in its natural environment, and includes biotic (living) interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions.River ecosystems are prime examples of lotic ecosystems. Lotic refers to flowing water, from the Latin lotus, washed. Lotic waters range from springs only a few centimeters wide to major rivers kilometers in width. Much of this article applies to lotic ecosystems in general, including related lotic systems such as streams and springs. Lotic ecosystems can be contrasted with lentic ecosystems, which involve relatively still terrestrial waters such as lakes and ponds. Together, these two fields form the more general study area of freshwater or aquatic ecology. The following unifying characteristics make the ecology of running waters unique from that of other aquatic habitats. Flow is unidirectional. There is a state of continuous physical change. There is a high degree of spatial and temporal heterogeneity at all scales (microhabitats). Variability between lotic systems is quite high. The biota is specialized to live with flow conditions.↑ ↑ ↑ ↑