to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... a critical role in maintaining energy homeostasis by integrating these factors and coordinating the behavioral, metabolic, and neuroendocrine responses (Oomura 1980; Bernardis & Bellinger 1993, 1996). In mammals, the neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) are particularly important for feedi ...
... a critical role in maintaining energy homeostasis by integrating these factors and coordinating the behavioral, metabolic, and neuroendocrine responses (Oomura 1980; Bernardis & Bellinger 1993, 1996). In mammals, the neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) are particularly important for feedi ...
Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep
... and sleep generation, the neurotransmitter identity and activity ofBF neurons serving these different functions have remained uncertain. Furthermore, few studies have been done to clarify how the wake vs. sleep promoting neurons may be modulated to generate their differential activity and sleep-wake ...
... and sleep generation, the neurotransmitter identity and activity ofBF neurons serving these different functions have remained uncertain. Furthermore, few studies have been done to clarify how the wake vs. sleep promoting neurons may be modulated to generate their differential activity and sleep-wake ...
Section and Senior Editor - HAL
... mouse was subjected to this test six times separated by an interval of 5-10 days, three times at 2 P.M. and three times at 6 P.M. (n = 39 from 13 pairs of mice, for both time parameters). To characterize the effects of the wheel test on the sleep-wake cycle and locomotion, a pretreatment was given t ...
... mouse was subjected to this test six times separated by an interval of 5-10 days, three times at 2 P.M. and three times at 6 P.M. (n = 39 from 13 pairs of mice, for both time parameters). To characterize the effects of the wheel test on the sleep-wake cycle and locomotion, a pretreatment was given t ...
The rat ponto-medullary network responsible for paradoxical
... vigilance state in humans and other mammals paradoxically characterized by cortical activation and rapid eye movements, but associated with a complete disappearance of the muscle tone (Aserinsky and Kleitman, 1953; Dement, 1958; Jouvet and Michel, 1959). This phase of sleep, coined paradoxical sleep ...
... vigilance state in humans and other mammals paradoxically characterized by cortical activation and rapid eye movements, but associated with a complete disappearance of the muscle tone (Aserinsky and Kleitman, 1953; Dement, 1958; Jouvet and Michel, 1959). This phase of sleep, coined paradoxical sleep ...
Reverse pharmacology of orexin
... orexin level in cerebrospinal fluid also peaks during the dark period and decreases during the light rest period [32]. These observations suggest that orexin neurons are active during the active period and support wakefulness, and are inactive during the sleep period. The activities of the monoamine ...
... orexin level in cerebrospinal fluid also peaks during the dark period and decreases during the light rest period [32]. These observations suggest that orexin neurons are active during the active period and support wakefulness, and are inactive during the sleep period. The activities of the monoamine ...
Alertness and feeding behaviors in ADHD: Does the hypocretin
... alertness disturbances and eating disorders may significantly increase the functional impairment of ADHD, gaining insight into their pathophysiology as well as into their treatment is of relevance to provide a better clinical management of patients suffering from ADHD. The hypocretin/orexin system c ...
... alertness disturbances and eating disorders may significantly increase the functional impairment of ADHD, gaining insight into their pathophysiology as well as into their treatment is of relevance to provide a better clinical management of patients suffering from ADHD. The hypocretin/orexin system c ...
Electroencephalography - Department of Computational and
... high-temporal-resolution data can be recorded at the same time as high-spatial-resolution data, however, since the data derived from each occurs over a different time course, the data sets do not necessarily represent the exact same brain activity. There are technical difficulties associated with co ...
... high-temporal-resolution data can be recorded at the same time as high-spatial-resolution data, however, since the data derived from each occurs over a different time course, the data sets do not necessarily represent the exact same brain activity. There are technical difficulties associated with co ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... impaired c-fos activation response to enforced wakefulness in both noradrenergic locus ceruleus and dopaminergic ventral periaqueductal gray wake neurons. In contrast, cholinergic, histaminergic, orexinergic, and serotonergic wake neurons appeared unperturbed. Six month exposure to hypoxia/reoxygena ...
... impaired c-fos activation response to enforced wakefulness in both noradrenergic locus ceruleus and dopaminergic ventral periaqueductal gray wake neurons. In contrast, cholinergic, histaminergic, orexinergic, and serotonergic wake neurons appeared unperturbed. Six month exposure to hypoxia/reoxygena ...
Behavioral Response and Transmitter Release During Atonia
... muscle tone in the chronic animal, trains with 300-ms duration were applied into the medulla and EMG changes were measured by stimulus-triggered averaging. Rectified and digitized EMGs were collected on a computer and averaged over a 500-ms period, from 100 ms before the stimulation to 100 ms after ...
... muscle tone in the chronic animal, trains with 300-ms duration were applied into the medulla and EMG changes were measured by stimulus-triggered averaging. Rectified and digitized EMGs were collected on a computer and averaged over a 500-ms period, from 100 ms before the stimulation to 100 ms after ...
An unaware agenda: interictal consciousness
... in the form of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) (Keller et al., 2010), also called subclinical epileptiform activity. The electrophysiological, psychiatric, cognitive, or behavioral manifestations that are temporarily close to the seizure take place during the peri-ictal period. This includ ...
... in the form of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) (Keller et al., 2010), also called subclinical epileptiform activity. The electrophysiological, psychiatric, cognitive, or behavioral manifestations that are temporarily close to the seizure take place during the peri-ictal period. This includ ...
Electroencephalogram based Brain
... a lesser degree. Of all the EEG based BCIs, SCP requires the most extensive training and is less appealing for this reason but gives good performance. ...
... a lesser degree. Of all the EEG based BCIs, SCP requires the most extensive training and is less appealing for this reason but gives good performance. ...
Effect of Sleep on Vigilance, Short-Term Memory
... Furthermore, sleep deficiency has been linked to cognitive impairment, emotional impairment, a poor immune system, metabolic problems, and higher risks of cancer and heart disease (Wulff et al., 2010). Although there are many debates about the need for sleep in the scientific community, no one reall ...
... Furthermore, sleep deficiency has been linked to cognitive impairment, emotional impairment, a poor immune system, metabolic problems, and higher risks of cancer and heart disease (Wulff et al., 2010). Although there are many debates about the need for sleep in the scientific community, no one reall ...
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep
... During 6-hours of sleep deprivation, the histamine release was constantly upregulated and comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. Constant administration of histamine into the basal for ...
... During 6-hours of sleep deprivation, the histamine release was constantly upregulated and comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. Constant administration of histamine into the basal for ...
C-fos Expression in the Pons and Medulla of the Cat during
... within the pons and medulla that are responsiblefor this behavioral state have not been clearly demarcated. A major difficulty has been in relating the activity of identified population of neurons to the behavioral state of the animal and to specific physiological processes;this problem reflects, in ...
... within the pons and medulla that are responsiblefor this behavioral state have not been clearly demarcated. A major difficulty has been in relating the activity of identified population of neurons to the behavioral state of the animal and to specific physiological processes;this problem reflects, in ...
04 narc John neuron
... are continuously and maximally active in waking but are minimally active or silent in REM sleep. The cessation of activity of these monoaminergic neurons might underlie the loss of muscle tone and loss of environmental awareness characteristic of REM sleep. If this were the case, it would remain to ...
... are continuously and maximally active in waking but are minimally active or silent in REM sleep. The cessation of activity of these monoaminergic neurons might underlie the loss of muscle tone and loss of environmental awareness characteristic of REM sleep. If this were the case, it would remain to ...
The History of the EEG
... and the normalization of the 171 cross-power spectra yielded 171 coherence values per frequency band. Grand mean values were obtained by averaging amplitude and coherence values across subjects. ...
... and the normalization of the 171 cross-power spectra yielded 171 coherence values per frequency band. Grand mean values were obtained by averaging amplitude and coherence values across subjects. ...
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake
... but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). Dopaminecontaining neurons are also located in the retina and olfactory bulb. ...
... but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). Dopaminecontaining neurons are also located in the retina and olfactory bulb. ...
Serotonergic Integration of Circadian Clock and Ultradian Sleep
... (TL084, Texas Instruments) on the skull. Buffer amplifiers were connected to a counterbalanced commutator (MT GIKEN) via a flexible cable, and the rats were allowed to move freely in the recording chamber. The neuronal activity of the SCN and other brain regions was amplified using a differential am ...
... (TL084, Texas Instruments) on the skull. Buffer amplifiers were connected to a counterbalanced commutator (MT GIKEN) via a flexible cable, and the rats were allowed to move freely in the recording chamber. The neuronal activity of the SCN and other brain regions was amplified using a differential am ...
BioCapture™ : Acquiring EEG data Quick Notes
... create an “all-or-none” electrochemical pulse called an action potential. This pulse, which travels rapidly along the cell’s body, activates synaptic connections of other brain cells. As a result, the signal display reveals a network of brain cells working together in unison. ...
... create an “all-or-none” electrochemical pulse called an action potential. This pulse, which travels rapidly along the cell’s body, activates synaptic connections of other brain cells. As a result, the signal display reveals a network of brain cells working together in unison. ...
1From neuronal activity to scalp potential fields - Assets
... polarization or “far field” along the dominant or mean orientation. This typically holds for activity on the cortical gyri (parallel to the skull, with radial polarization), but also on the walls of cortical sulci (with tangential polarization) or in deeper structures like the cingulate gyrus. Both ...
... polarization or “far field” along the dominant or mean orientation. This typically holds for activity on the cortical gyri (parallel to the skull, with radial polarization), but also on the walls of cortical sulci (with tangential polarization) or in deeper structures like the cingulate gyrus. Both ...
The Fine Structure of Slow-Wave Sleep Oscillations: from Single
... of areas 5–7 of cat neocortex (suprasylvian gyrus, area 5–7; see top scheme for arrangement of electrodes). Local field potentials (LFPs) are shown (left panels) together with a representation of the correlations as a function of distance (Spatial correlations; middle panels) and time (Temporal corr ...
... of areas 5–7 of cat neocortex (suprasylvian gyrus, area 5–7; see top scheme for arrangement of electrodes). Local field potentials (LFPs) are shown (left panels) together with a representation of the correlations as a function of distance (Spatial correlations; middle panels) and time (Temporal corr ...
BRAIN DYNAMICS AT MULTIPLE SCALES: CAN ONE RECONCILE
... Dynamics in Brain Activity The above results are consistent with the idea that awake brain activity may be associated with high-dimensional dynamics, perhaps analogous to a stochastic system. To further investigate this aspect, we have examined data from animal experiments in which both microscopic ...
... Dynamics in Brain Activity The above results are consistent with the idea that awake brain activity may be associated with high-dimensional dynamics, perhaps analogous to a stochastic system. To further investigate this aspect, we have examined data from animal experiments in which both microscopic ...
Biological Rhythms
... joined, CLK-CYC produce two other proteins, PERIOD and TIME (PER-TIM). PERTIM has the effect of rendering the CLK-CYC proteins inactive, so that, as PERTIM increases, CLK-CYC decreases and therefore PER-TIM starts to decrease too (negative feedback). This loop takes about 24 hours and, hey presto, y ...
... joined, CLK-CYC produce two other proteins, PERIOD and TIME (PER-TIM). PERTIM has the effect of rendering the CLK-CYC proteins inactive, so that, as PERTIM increases, CLK-CYC decreases and therefore PER-TIM starts to decrease too (negative feedback). This loop takes about 24 hours and, hey presto, y ...
Biological Rhythms
... joined, CLK-CYC produce two other proteins, PERIOD and TIME (PER-TIM). PERTIM has the effect of rendering the CLK-CYC proteins inactive, so that, as PERTIM increases, CLK-CYC decreases and therefore PER-TIM starts to decrease too (negative feedback). This loop takes about 24 hours and, hey presto, y ...
... joined, CLK-CYC produce two other proteins, PERIOD and TIME (PER-TIM). PERTIM has the effect of rendering the CLK-CYC proteins inactive, so that, as PERTIM increases, CLK-CYC decreases and therefore PER-TIM starts to decrease too (negative feedback). This loop takes about 24 hours and, hey presto, y ...
LESSON 4.3 WORKBOOK What makes us go to sleep, and what
... example of a defect in the flip-flop switch that controls the transition between wakefulness and sleep, particularly REM sleep. Narcoleptics have sleep attacks during the day, in which they suddenly fall asleep. This is socially disruptive, as well as dangerous — for example, if it strikes while the ...
... example of a defect in the flip-flop switch that controls the transition between wakefulness and sleep, particularly REM sleep. Narcoleptics have sleep attacks during the day, in which they suddenly fall asleep. This is socially disruptive, as well as dangerous — for example, if it strikes while the ...