2013 - Vcaa
... A buzzer with a very high resistance is connected across the ends of the resistor (to the points A and B, as shown in Figure 12). It buzzes at any voltage greater than 2.4 V. Initially it is buzzing. The student finds this irritating; she wants to stop it from buzzing by changing the temperature of ...
... A buzzer with a very high resistance is connected across the ends of the resistor (to the points A and B, as shown in Figure 12). It buzzes at any voltage greater than 2.4 V. Initially it is buzzing. The student finds this irritating; she wants to stop it from buzzing by changing the temperature of ...
Scheme of work
... Unit 2: Electricity 1 Recommended prior knowledge Although Cambridge IGCSE Physics itself can be used as an introduction to Physics, it is likely that most learners will have studied some Physics or general Science previously. The use of electricity will, almost certainly, have been within the exper ...
... Unit 2: Electricity 1 Recommended prior knowledge Although Cambridge IGCSE Physics itself can be used as an introduction to Physics, it is likely that most learners will have studied some Physics or general Science previously. The use of electricity will, almost certainly, have been within the exper ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... spintronics, for example, reading the spin states, and writing the polarization states to reverse the spin states by electric field, to overcome the high-writing energy in magnetic random-access memories. Considering that little attention has been paid to multiferroicity until recently, it now offer ...
... spintronics, for example, reading the spin states, and writing the polarization states to reverse the spin states by electric field, to overcome the high-writing energy in magnetic random-access memories. Considering that little attention has been paid to multiferroicity until recently, it now offer ...
PDF - 1.9 MB
... Thus, the dipole is attracted toward the current-carrying ring. On the other hand, if the direction of the dipole is reversed, µ = − µ z kˆ , the resulting force will be repulsive. 9.1.1 Magnetic Field of a Moving Point Charge Suppose we have an infinitesimal current element in the form of a cylinde ...
... Thus, the dipole is attracted toward the current-carrying ring. On the other hand, if the direction of the dipole is reversed, µ = − µ z kˆ , the resulting force will be repulsive. 9.1.1 Magnetic Field of a Moving Point Charge Suppose we have an infinitesimal current element in the form of a cylinde ...
Atomic Clocks - FNWI (Science) Education Service Centre
... divides time into smaller segments than a day. The most sophisticated versions had an error of 24 seconds for each 0.1 degree of angle measurement. Other historical clocks were based on water or mechanical devices, such as the pendulum clock or the spring-balancewheel clock. The quartz clock is base ...
... divides time into smaller segments than a day. The most sophisticated versions had an error of 24 seconds for each 0.1 degree of angle measurement. Other historical clocks were based on water or mechanical devices, such as the pendulum clock or the spring-balancewheel clock. The quartz clock is base ...
Antiferroelectric Shape Memory Ceramics
... produces a gradual recovery of the residual strain due to the reverse phase transition starting at 60 ˝ C and a burst of strain recovery at 186 ˝ C. The burst is very sharp, above which approximately 95% of the prior axial strain is recovered. Though recent conventional shape memory studies based on ...
... produces a gradual recovery of the residual strain due to the reverse phase transition starting at 60 ˝ C and a burst of strain recovery at 186 ˝ C. The burst is very sharp, above which approximately 95% of the prior axial strain is recovered. Though recent conventional shape memory studies based on ...
Texte intégral / Full text (pdf, 1 MiB) - Infoscience
... Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Edge Convection Driven by Externally-Applied Potentials
... chosen to match the measured Thomson profiles in the near-edge region, by least-squares fit to hyperbolic tangent functions. See Fig. 1. The dimensionless source rates n and T, Eqs. (6), are similar in shape to their corresponding reference profiles and reach maxima (x ∞) of 0.01 and 0.1 respec ...
... chosen to match the measured Thomson profiles in the near-edge region, by least-squares fit to hyperbolic tangent functions. See Fig. 1. The dimensionless source rates n and T, Eqs. (6), are similar in shape to their corresponding reference profiles and reach maxima (x ∞) of 0.01 and 0.1 respec ...
Electric field control of magnetic anisotropy and domain wall motion
... that electrons injected from the bottom contact stop at the Fe/MgO interface. Electronic interactions at this interface can cause PMA, as mentioned in the previous section. The main outcome of the experiment is shown in Fig. 1.4b: the application of a voltage affects the magnetisation angle in an ap ...
... that electrons injected from the bottom contact stop at the Fe/MgO interface. Electronic interactions at this interface can cause PMA, as mentioned in the previous section. The main outcome of the experiment is shown in Fig. 1.4b: the application of a voltage affects the magnetisation angle in an ap ...
Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics is a branch of physics that deals with the physical properties of condensed phases of matter. Condensed matter physicists seek to understand the behavior of these phases by using physical laws. In particular, these include the laws of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics.The most familiar condensed phases are solids and liquids, while more exotic condensed phases include the superconducting phase exhibited by certain materials at low temperature, the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on atomic lattices, and the Bose–Einstein condensate found in cold atomic systems. The study of condensed matter physics involves measuring various material properties via experimental probes along with using techniques of theoretical physics to develop mathematical models that help in understanding physical behavior.The diversity of systems and phenomena available for study makes condensed matter physics the most active field of contemporary physics: one third of all American physicists identify themselves as condensed matter physicists, and the Division of Condensed Matter Physics is the largest division at the American Physical Society. The field overlaps with chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology, and relates closely to atomic physics and biophysics. Theoretical condensed matter physics shares important concepts and techniques with theoretical particle and nuclear physics.A variety of topics in physics such as crystallography, metallurgy, elasticity, magnetism, etc., were treated as distinct areas, until the 1940s when they were grouped together as solid state physics. Around the 1960s, the study of physical properties of liquids was added to this list, forming the basis for the new, related specialty of condensed matter physics. According to physicist Phil Anderson, the term was coined by him and Volker Heine when they changed the name of their group at the Cavendish Laboratories, Cambridge from ""Solid state theory"" to ""Theory of Condensed Matter"" in 1967, as they felt it did not exclude their interests in the study of liquids, nuclear matter and so on. Although Anderson and Heine helped popularize the name ""condensed matter"", it had been present in Europe for some years, most prominently in the form of a journal published in English, French, and German by Springer-Verlag titled Physics of Condensed Matter, which was launched in 1963. The funding environment and Cold War politics of the 1960s and 1970s were also factors that lead some physicists to prefer the name ""condensed matter physics"", which emphasized the commonality of scientific problems encountered by physicists working on solids, liquids, plasmas, and other complex matter, over ""solid state physics"", which was often associated with the industrial applications of metals and semiconductors. The Bell Telephone Laboratories was one of the first institutes to conduct a research program in condensed matter physics.References to ""condensed"" state can be traced to earlier sources. For example, in the introduction to his 1947 ""Kinetic theory of liquids"" book, Yakov Frenkel proposed that ""The kinetic theory of liquids must accordingly be developed as a generalization and extension of the kinetic theory of solid bodies"". As a matter of fact, it would be more correct to unify them under the title of ""condensed bodies"".